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Characteristics of infrared, imaging systems which benefit from super-resolution reconstruction - art. no. 620703

Characteristics of infrared, imaging systems which benefit f...

引用

Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII

作者： Krapels, Keith Driggers, Ronald G. Jacobs, Eddie Burks, Stephen Young, Susan Holst, Gerald Office of Naval Research (United States) U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (United States) Army Research Lab. (United States) JCD Publishing (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819462632

There have been numerous applications of super-resolution reconstruction algorithms to improve the range performance of infrared imagers. These studies show there can be a dramatic improvement in range performance when super-resolution algorithms are applied to under-sampled imager outputs. These occur when the imager is moving relative to the target which creates different spatial samplings of the field of view for each frame. The degree of performance benefit is dependent on the relative sizes of the detector/spacing and the optical blur spot in focal plane space. The blur spot size on the focal plane is dependent on the system F-number. Hence, in this paper we provide a range of these sensor characteristics, for which there is a benefit from super-resolution reconstruction algorithms. Additionally, we quantify the potential performance improvements associated with these algorithms. We also provide three infrared sensor examples to show the range of improvements associated with provided guidelines.

关键词： Sensors Imaging systems Super resolution Long wavelength infrared Forward looking infrared Reconstruction algorithms Image sensors Infrared imaging Mid-IR detection and tracking algorithms

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Vessel-based registration with application to nodule detection in thoracic CT scans

Vessel-based registration with application to nodule detecti...

引用

Medical Imaging 2006 Conference

作者： Wu, Changhua Agam, Cady Kettering Univ Dept Sci & Math Flint MI 48504 USA IIT Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464236

Volume registration is fundamental to multiple medical imaging algorithms. Specifically, non-rigid registration of thoracic CT scans taken at different time instances can be used to detect new nodules more reliably and assess the growth rate of existing nodules. Voxel-based registration techniques are generally sensitive to intensity variation and structural differences, which are common in CT scans due to partial volume effects and naturally occurring motion and deformations. The approach we propose in this paper is based on vessel tree extraction which is then used to infer the complete volume registration. Vessels form unique features with good localization. Using extracted vessel trees, a minimization process is used to estimate the motion vectors at vessels. Accurate motion vectors are obtained at vessel junctions whereas vessel segments support only normal component estimation. The obtained motion vectors are then interpolated to produce a dense motion field using thin plate splines. The proposed approach is evaluated on both real and synthetically deformed volumes. The obtained results are compared to several standard registration techniques. It is shown that by using vessel structure, the proposed approach results in improved performance.

关键词： Computed tomography Lung Image registration detection and tracking algorithms Signal to noise ratio Image segmentation Matrices Motion estimation 3D acquisition Medical imaging

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The effect of lighting direction/condition on the performance of face recognition algorithms

The effect of lighting direction/condition on the performanc...

引用

Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification III

作者： Fahmy, Gamal EI-Sherbeeny, Ahmed Mandala, Susmita Abdel-Mottaleb, Mohamed Ammar, Hany West Virginia Univ Morgantown WV 26506 USA Univ Miami Coral Gables FL 33124 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462586

In this paper, we measure the effect of the lighting direction in facial images on the performance of 2 well-known face recognition algorithms, an appearance based method and a facial feature based method. We collect hundreds/thousands of facial images of subjects with a fixed pose and under different lighting conditions through a unique facial acquisition laboratory designed specifically for this purpose. Then we present a methodology for automatically detecting the lighting direction of different face images based on statistics derived from the image. We also detect if there is any glare regions in some lighting directions. Finally we determine the most reliable lighting direction that will lead to a good quality/high performance facial image from both techniques based on our experiments with the acquired data.

关键词： Light sources and illumination Facial recognition systems Databases Image quality detection and tracking algorithms Cameras Data acquisition Image processing Distance measurement Surveillance

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Trajectory generation for an on-road autonomous vehicle

Trajectory generation for an on-road autonomous vehicle

引用

Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology VIII

作者： Horst, John Barbera, Anthony Natl Inst Stand & Technol 100 Bur DrMS 8230 Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462861

We describe an algorithm that generates a smooth trajectory (position, velocity, and acceleration at uniformly sampled instants of time) for a car-like vehicle autonomously navigating within the constraints of lanes in a road. The technique models both vehicle paths and lane segments as straight line segments and circular arcs for mathematical simplicity and elegance, which we contrast with cubic spline approaches. We develop the path in an idealized space, warp the path into real space and compute path length, generate a one-dimensional trajectory along the path length that achieves target speeds and positions, and finally, warp, translate, and rotate the one-dimensional trajectory points onto the path in real space. The algorithm moves a vehicle in lane safely and efficiently within speed and acceleration maximums. The algorithm functions in the context of other autonomous driving functions within a carefully designed vehicle control hierarchy.

关键词： Roads detection and tracking algorithms Magnesium Mathematical modeling Control systems Modeling Numerical integration Vehicle control Mathematics Motion models

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Autonomous mine detection sensors (AMDS)

Autonomous mine detection sensors (AMDS)

引用

Conference on detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI

作者： Navish, Frank May, Michael USA RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Electron Sensors Directorate 10221 Burbeck Rd Ft Belvoir VA 22060 USA Inst Def Analy Alexandria VA 22311 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081946273X

The Autonomous Mine detection Sensors (AMDS) program is developing a prototype autonomous mine-detection sensor suite designed to be mounted on a small robotic platform that can find buried anti-personnel mines. Over the past two years, CyTerra Corp. and NIITEK, Inc. have developed complementary senor suites using a variety of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor configurations. The ANMS program is also working with industry and academia to develop automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms. This paper provides a brief overview of evaluations that have been performed at Army facilities. Probability of detection (Pd) and Probability of False Alarm (Pfa) results are provided for signal-to-noise type detection algorithms and also for promising pattern classification and neural network algorithms that were developed by Duke University, the University of Missouri-Columbia, and the University of Florida. After an evaluation in October 2005, both contractors' sensors performed comparably (about 90% Pd and 40% Pfa) against low-metal anti-personnel mines at an Army test site seeded with typical clutter. In some cases, university-developed pattern classification and neural network algorithms have reduced the Pfa by a factor of two against these clutter sets.

关键词： Sensors Mining General packet radio service Palladium Electromagnetic coupling Land mines detection and tracking algorithms Algorithm development Neural networks Evolutionary algorithms

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GM-PHD filter multi-target tracking in sonar images

GM-PHD filter multi-target tracking in sonar images

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Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV

作者： Clark, Daniel Vo, Ba-Ngu Bell, Judith Heriot Watt Univ Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn Edinburgh EH14 4AS Midlothian Scotland Univ Melbourne Dept Elect & Elect Engn Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia

The Gaussian Mixure Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) Multi-target Tracker was developed as an extension to the GM-PHD filter to provide track continuity. The algorithm is demonstrated on forward-looking sonar d... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0819462918

关键词： Particles Image segmentation Particle filters Electronic filtering Filtering (signal processing) Image filtering detection and tracking algorithms Gaussian filters Electronics engineering Feature extraction

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Optimal segmentation of polygon edges

Optimal segmentation of polygon edges

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4th Conference on Design and Process Integration for Microelectronic Manufacturing

作者： Sezginer, Apo Yenikaya, Bayram Huang, Hsu-Ting Kamat, Vishnu Chen, Yung-Tin Invarium Inc 1754 Technol Dr 117 San Jose CA 95110 USA SanDisk Inc Santa Clara CA 95054 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461997

In optical proximity correction, edges of polygons are segmented, and segments are independently moved to meet line-width or edge placement goals. The purpose of segmenting edges is to increase the degrees of freedom in proximity correction. Segmentation is usually performed according to predetermined, geometrical rules. Heuristic, model-based segmentation algorithms have been presented in the literature. We show that there is an optimal and unique way of segmenting polygon edges.

关键词： Image segmentation Photomasks Image processing algorithms and systems Optical proximity correction Data modeling detection and tracking algorithms Optimization (mathematics) Tolerancing Manufacturing Semiconducting wafers

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Measuring the chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse at the noise floor

Measuring the chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse at the nois...

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8th International Conference on Laser Beam Control and Applications

作者： Bender, DA Hasselbeck, MP Sheik-Bahae, M Univ New Mexico Dept Phys & Astron Opt Sci & Engn Program Albuquerque NM 87131 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461431

We extract the chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse accurately in real-time using a simple modified auto-interferometric correlation (MOSAIC) technique. Through the use of our newly developed time-domain algorithm, chirp information is accessible with signal-to-noise levels approaching unity. Correction algorithms have been developed to accommodate signal distortions due to bandwidth limitations, autocorrelator misalignment, and non-quadratic detector response.

关键词： Algorithm development Sensors Signal to noise ratio Ultrafast phenomena detection and tracking algorithms Interferometers Light emitting diodes Sapphire lasers Signal detection Interference (communication)

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Using spatial filtering to improve spectral distribution invariants

Using spatial filtering to improve spectral distribution inv...

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Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII

作者： Kuan, Chia-Yun Healey, Glenn Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462896

We use physical considerations to show that an affine transformation can be used to model the effect of environmental changes on hyperspectral image distributions. This allows the generation of a vector of moment invariants that describes an image distribution but does not depend on the environmental conditions. These vectors maintain the invariant property after each image band is spatially filtered which allows the representation to capture spatial properties. We use the distribution invariants and the Fisher discriminant to reduce the size of the representation by selecting optimized spectral bands. We apply the methods developed in this work to the illumination-invariant classification and recognition of regions in airborne images. We also show that the distribution transformation model can be used for change detection in regions viewed under unknown conditions.

关键词： Image filtering Databases Hyperspectral imaging Spatial filters Image classification detection and tracking algorithms Digital imaging Reflectivity Remote sensing Algorithm development

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Wideband radar for airborne minefield detection

Wideband radar for airborne minefield detection

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Conference on detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI

作者： Clark, William W. Burns, Brian Dorff, Gary Plasky, Brian Moussally, George Soumekh, Mehrdad RDECOM CERDEC NVESD 10221 Burbeck Rd Ft Belvoir VA 22060 USA Mirage Syst Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA SUNY Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081946273X

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been applied for several years to the problem of detecting both anti-personnel and anti-tank landmines. RDECOM CERDEC NVESD is developing an airborne wideband GPR sensor for the detection of minefields including surface and buried mines. In this paper, we describe the as-built system, data and image processing techniques to generate imagery, and current issues with this type of radar. Further, we will display images from a recent field test.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar Radar Land mines Data acquisition detection and tracking algorithms Reconstruction algorithms Antennas Global Positioning System Mining Image processing

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