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Audio-visual query and retrieval: A system that uses dynamic programming and relevance feedback

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第4期10卷 861-870页

作者： Naphade, MR Wang, RR Huang, TS Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Coordinated Sci Lab Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol Urbana IL 61801 USA

A necessary capability for content-based retrieval is to support the paradigm of query by example. In the past, there have been several attempts to use low-level features for video retrieval. However, most of the approaches support queries using image sequences only. We present an algorithm for matching multimodal (audio-visual) patterns for the purpose of content-based video retrieval The novel ability of our approach to use the information content in multiple media coupled with a strong emphasis on temporal similarity differentiates it from the state of the art in content-based retrieval. At the core of the pattern matching scheme is a dynamic programming algorithm, which leads to a significant improvement in performance. Coupling the use of audio with video this algorithm can be applied to grouping of shots based on audio-visual similarity. We also support relevance feedback. The user can provide feedback to the system, by choosing clips, which are closer to the user's desired target. The system then automatically adjusts the relative weights or relevance of the media and fetches different sets of target clips accordingly. It is our observation that a few iterations of such feedback are generally sufficient, for retrieving the desired video clips. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Video Distortion Computer programming Feature extraction Databases Visualization detection and tracking algorithms Dynamical systems Image retrieval Multimedia

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Low-cost and fast partial decoding of compressed videos

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2004年第2期13卷 334-340页

作者： Jiang, JM Fang, H Yang, SY Univ Bradford Sch Informat Bradford BD7 1DP W Yorkshire England Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Beijing 100864 Peoples R China

We propose a fast partial decoding algorithm for content access to MPEG compressed videos, where full decompression Is not necessarily required, such as compressed video browsing, content analysis, and specific pattern search. The proposed decoding bypasses the inverse DCT via an approximation process to extract average pixels directly from compressed DCT coefficients, Although such extracted pixels may incur differences compared with their fully decompressed counterparts, extensive experiments show that such partially decoded video frames preserve their content very well and achieve reasonable perceptual quality in terms of visual inspections. (C) 2004 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Video Video compression Image quality Optical inspection Video processing Image compression Image processing detection and tracking algorithms Digital video discs Cell phones

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Low-complexity comprehensive labeling and enhancement algorithm for compound documents

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2004年第4期13卷 832-859页

作者： Guleryuz, OG DoCoMo Commun Labs USA Inc San Jose CA 95110 USA

We present a multiresolutional algorithm that segments a compound document and uses the results of the segmentation for document enhancement in copier applications. The document is initially segmented into halftone and nonhalftone areas. Based on this segmentation the location of the edges due to text, graphics, and images (and not due to halftone dots) are detected on halftone as well as on nonhalftone portions. We further detect constant-tone regions within nonhalftone areas for subsequent bleed-through removal applications. Edge enhancement on detected edges and de-screening on detected halftones are carried out. The algorithm can detect general halftones over regions of arbitrary sizes and shapes, and it can be straightforwardly adjusted for operation at various dpi resolutions. We obtain high detection probabilities on compound multilingual documents containing halftones and fine text The proposed enhancement stage is tolerant of segmentation errors providing robust performance for the remaining problem cases. Our main contribution is the accomplishment of these tasks with a single pass algorithm that is computationally very simple and that requires less than 1% of full page memory, with active memory requirements less than 0.02% of full page memory. The operation of the algorithm can be imagined as a very thin line (of thickness the size of a "full-stop" in 11 pt text) that rapidly scans an input page while simultaneously producing an output page. (C) 2004 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Halftones Edge detection Image segmentation Linear filtering Printing Scanners detection and tracking algorithms Image filtering Visualization Gaussian filters

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RECOGNITION OF A LOW-RESOLUTION DOCUMENT CONSISTING OF KOREAN AND ENGLISH CHARACTERS

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1995年第2期4卷 161-171页

作者： HAM, YK DOH, SY CHUNG, HK KIM, WS PARK, RH Sogang Univ. (South Korea)

We propose an efficient algorithm that recognizes handwritten Korean and English characters in a low-resolution document. For a user-friendly input system for low-resolution documents consisting of two different sets of characters obtained by a facsimile or scanner, we propose a document-recognition algorithm utilizing several effective features (partial projection, the number of cross points, and distance features) and the membership function of the fuzzy set theory. Via computer simulation with several test documents, we show the effectiveness of the proposed recognition algorithm for both printed and handwritten and Korean and English characters in a low-resolution document.

关键词： detection and tracking algorithms Optical character recognition Fuzzy logic Visualization Scanners Evolutionary algorithms Binary data Algorithm development Distortion Head

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Markov chain models based on genetic algorithms for texture and speech recognition

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2006年第3期15卷 033004.1-033004.1页

作者： Yang, Shiueng-Bien Huang, You-Ping Leader Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Tainan Taiwan

Markov chain models (MCMs) were recently adopted in many recognition applications. The well-known clustering algorithm, the k-means algorithm, is used to design the codebooks of the MCM, and then each code word in the codebook is regarded as one state of MCM. However, users usually have no idea how to determine the number of states before the design of the MCM, and therefore doubt whether the MCM produced by the k-means algorithm is optimal. We propose a new MCM based on the genetic algorithm for recognition applications. Genetic algorithms combine the clustering algorithm and the MCM design. The users do not need to define the size of the codebook before the design of the MCM. The genetic algorithm can automatically find the number of states in MCM, and thereby obtain a near-optimal MCM. Furthermore, we propose the fuzzy MCM (FMCM) and the fuzzy genetic algorithm (FGA) to enhance the recognition rate. Experimental results show that the proposed MCM outperforms the traditional MCM and other texture and speech recognition methods. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Fuzzy logic detection and tracking algorithms Speech recognition Data modeling Data centers Data processing Databases Distance measurement Performance modeling

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Signature adaptive target detection and threshold selection for constant false alarm rate

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第3期14卷 033009.1-033009.1页

作者： Crosby, F Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren Ctr Panama City FL USA

A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithm and a threshold selection algorithm are adapted and developed for use in multiband-image small-target detection. While it is often difficult to predict the spectral signatures of targets, the shape of the target may be known. This detection algorithm exploits geometric target features and spectral differences between the target and the surrounding area. The detection algorithm is derived from a general statistical model of the data with most emphasis on the background. The utility of CFAR algorithms is that the selection of a detection threshold can be made independently of image intensity. However, varied applications of the algorithms show that detection values are dependent on the scene adherence to the model. Achieving a CFAR in applications is very difficult. The threshold for a desired number of false alarms fluctuates with differing backgrounds. By appropriately mapping observations to the model, an automatic threshold selection algorithm is shown. Combining the CFAR-detection algorithm with the threshold selection algorithm produces a reliable constant false alarm rate. (c) 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： detection and tracking algorithms Target detection Vegetation Multispectral imaging Algorithm development Statistical analysis Image processing Data modeling Land mines Environmental sensing

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Region-of-interest based rate control for low-bit-rate video conferencing

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2006年第3期15卷 033010.1-033010.1页

作者： Tong, Lin Rao, K. R. Univ Texas Dept Elect Engn Arlington TX 76019 USA

We present a region of interest (ROI) based rate control for H. 263 compatible video conferencing. A face detection and tracking scheme with very low complexity is proposed for segmentation. By analyzing quadratic rate models in frame layer, video object plane (VOP) layer, and macroblock (MB) layer extracted from the test data, a quadratic rate model at the MB layer with a modified physical meaning is proposed to improve the model accuracy. The basic idea is to use a group of uncoded MBs in the current VOP instead of individual MBs to update model parameters. A joint VOP layer and MB layer rate control algorithm is proposed. The VOP layer rate control assigns target bit rate for each VOP based on the coding complexity and visual importance, and determines an average quantization parameter (QP) for each VOP. Some new features of MB layer rate control are designed to utilize both average statistics of a VOP and individual statistics of MB together. The performance is compared with conventional TMN8 and object-based VM8 rate control, better peak SNR (PSNR) for ROI, and more accurate rate control can be achieved for various video sequences. The proposed rate control algorithm can be extended for H. 264 ROI-based scalable video coding. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Video Skin Data modeling Facial recognition systems Image segmentation Control systems detection and tracking algorithms Computer programming Mosaic detectors Visualization

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Image segmentation in compressed domain

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2003年第3期12卷 390-397页

作者： Feng, GC Jiang, JM Univ Bradford Sch Informat Bradford BD7 1DP W Yorkshire England Zhongshan Univ Fac Math & Comp Sci Guangzhou Peoples R China

We propose a direct image segmentation algorithm in the JPEG compressed domain. The algorithm features extracting statistical parameters from direct cosine transform (DCT) coefficients without its inverse transform, and growing regions in line with JPEG compression seamlessly in blocks of 8 x 8 pixels. In comparison with the latest research efforts in region-based image segmentation, our proposed algorithm achieves significant advantages, including (1) no iteration is involved, (2) no full decompression is required, and (3) segmentation performance is competitive. (C) 2003 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Image segmentation Image compression Image processing algorithms and systems Algorithm development Image processing Image retrieval Sensors detection and tracking algorithms Edge detection Feature extraction

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n-dimensional skeletonization:: a unified mathematical framework

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2002年第1期11卷 25-37页

作者： Manzanera, A Bernard, TM Prêteux, F Longuet, B Ecole Natl Sup Tech Avancees Lab Elect & Informat F-75015 Paris France Inst Natl Telecommun Unite Project ARTEMIS F-91011 Evry France EADS Aerospatiale Matra Missiles Chatillon France

We present a skeletonization algorithm defined by explicit Boolean conditions which are dimension independent. The proposed procedure leads to new thinning algorithms in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). We establish the mathematical properties of the resulting skeleton referred to as the MB skeleton. From a topological point of view, we prove that the algorithm preserves connectivity in 2D and 3D. From a metric point of view, we show that the MB skeleton is located on a median hypersurface (MHS) that we define. This MHS does not correspond to the standard notion of median axis/surface in 2D/3D, as it combines the various distances associated with the hypercubic grid. The MHS specificities prove to make the skeleton robust with respect to noise and rotation. Then we present the algorithmic properties of the MB skeleton: First, the algorithm is fully parallel, which means that no spatial subiterations are needed. This property, together with the symmetry of the Boolean n-dimensional patterns, leads to a perfectly isotropic skeleton. Second, we emphasize the extreme conciseness of the Boolean expression, and derive the computational efficiency of the procedure, (C) 2002 SPlE and IST.

关键词： Binary data Fuzzy logic Neodymium Reconstruction algorithms algorithms Image segmentation 3D displays 3D image processing 3D modeling detection and tracking algorithms

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Streak detection in mottled and noisy images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2007年第4期16卷 043005-043005-14页

作者： Rosario, Hector Santos Saber, Eli Wu, Wencheng Chandu, Kartheek MKS Instruments Rochester NY 14623 USA Rochester Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Rochester NY 14623 USA Xerox Corp Webster NY 14580 USA

We describe a method for automatically detecting streaks in printed images using adaptive window-based image projections and mutual information. The proposed approach accepts a scanned image enclosing the defect and computes the projections across the entire image at different window sizes. The resulting traces collected from the projections are analyzed with a peak detection algorithm and subsequently correlated using normalized mutual information to pinpoint the location and width of streak(s). Finally, for a given peak, the window size is changed adaptively to identify and locate the intensity and length of the corresponding streak(s) while maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio. Results on synthetic and real-life images are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed technique. (c) 2007 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Halftones Signal to noise ratio Linear filtering detection and tracking algorithms

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