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Automatic target selection in video signals

Automatic target selection in video signals

引用

16th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets

作者： Temuroglu, A Köprülü, A Çetin, YY Middle E Tech Univ Inst Informat TR-06531 Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

In this study, the best engagement ordering for a friendly fire unit against multiple targets is considered. This target prioritization is performed by computing a priority function based on the range and direction of a target using the images from an optical device. We automatically obtain the features of a target like x, y coordinates, intensity and size from the image sequence by the help of a tracker software. These features are used to estimate the range and the direction of each target. In our range estimation algorithm, camera properties (focal length, angle of view) and the features of the target extracted from tracker are used to find the z coordinate of the target. We estimate the range by using the x, y and z coordinates of the target. We assumed the direction is given by the cosine value of the angle between the vector pointing to the friendly force from the target and the vector of the movement of the target. We apply the direction algorithm by the help of the x, y, z coordinates of the target. After the estimation of the range and the direction, we applied target prioritization techniques. In the prioritization process, an expected utility value is computed for each possible engagement ordering using some features of the forces like range, direction, and mean rate of fire;then the ordering which maximizes this value is chosen. The aim of the friendly fire unit may vary: In some cases he may want to annihilate as many targets as possible regardless of the threats they pose whereas in other cases he may prefer to maximize the removed threat. The utility value used in all these cases may vary between zero and one. The strength of these range and direction estimation algorithms on engagement ordering are tested through simulated data and the results are approximately the same with the correct range and direction values.

关键词： detection and tracking algorithms Head Computer simulations Error analysis Cameras Imaging systems OpenGL Video Automatic tracking Optical components

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Access control violation prevention by low cost infrared detection

Access control violation prevention by low cost infrared det...

引用

Conference on Sensors and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense III

作者： Rimmer, A IRISYS Towcester NN12 6AD Northants England

ISBN: (纸本)0819453269

A low cost 16x16 un-cooled pyroelectric detector array, allied with advanced tracking and detection algorithms, has enabled the development of a universal detector with a wide range of applications in people monitoring and homeland security. Violation of access control systems, whether controlled by proximity card, biometrics, swipe card or similar, may occur by 'tailgating' or 'piggybacking' where an `approved' entrant with a valid entry card is accompanied by a closely spaced 'non-approved' entrant. The violation may be under duress, where the accompanying person is attempting to enter a secure facility by force or threat. Alternatively, the violation may be benign where staff members collude either through habit or lassitude, either with each other or with third parties, without considering the security consequences. Examples of the latter could include schools, hospitals or maternity homes. The 16x16 pyroelectric array is integrated into a detector or imaging system which incorporates data processing, target extraction and decision making algorithms. The algorithms apply interpolation to the array output, allowing a higher level of resolution than might otherwise be expected from such a low resolution array. The pyroelectric detection principle means that the detection will work in variable light conditions and even in complete darkness, if required. The algorithms can monitor the shape, form, temperature and number of persons in the scene and utilise this information to determine whether a violation has occurred or not. As people are seen as `hot blobs' and are not individually recognisable, civil liberties are not infringed in the detection process. The output from the detector is a simple alarm signal which may act as input to the access control system as an alert or to trigger CCTV image display and storage. The applications for a tailgate detector can be demonstrated across many medium security applications where there are no physical means to prevent this

关键词： Sensors Homeland security Control systems detection and tracking algorithms Information security Biometrics Detector arrays Target detection Algorithm development Computer security

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Subpixel detection of surface mines in hyperspectral images

Subpixel detection of surface mines in hyperspectral images

引用

Conference on detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX

作者： Healey, G Slater, D Hyper Tech Syst LLC Irvine CA 92614 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453382

Hyperspectral signatures for surface mines in airborne images can have substantial variability due to the environmental conditions and subpixel mixing. Signatures are also affected by the condition of the mine. We show that a subspace representation for mine spectral properties can be used as the basis for an algorithm for subpixel mine detection that is invariant to the illumination and atmospheric conditions. A background model is estimated from the image data to support subpixel detection. The intrinsic spectral reflectance of the mine is the only input required by the algorithm. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm for several mine types over a range of conditions and altitudes in visible through near-infrared hyperspectral images. Several of the mine types appear at a scale that is significantly smaller than a pixel.

关键词： Land mines Mining Hyperspectral imaging detection and tracking algorithms Target detection Aluminum Atmospheric sensing Data modeling Reflectivity Sensors

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Biologically inspired feature based categorization of objects.

Biologically inspired feature based categorization of object...

引用

Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IX

作者： Mundhenk, TN Navalpakkam, V Makaliwe, H Vasudevan, S Itti, L Univ So Calif Dept Comp Sci Henry Salvatori Comp Sci Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819451959

We have developed a method for clustering features into objects by taking those features which include intensity, orientations and colors from the most salient points in an image as determined by our biologically motivated saliency program. We can train a program to cluster these features by only supplying as training input the number of objects that should appear in an image. We do this by clustering from a technique that involves linking nodes in a minimum spanning tree by not only distance, but by a density metric as well. We can then form classes over objects or object segmentation in a novel validation set by training over a set of seven soft and hard parameters. We discus as well the uses of such a flexible method in landmark based navigation since a robot using such a method may have a better ability to generalize over the features and objects.

关键词： Algorithm development Image segmentation Independent component analysis Visualization Feature extraction Cameras detection and tracking algorithms Expectation maximization algorithms Navigation systems Object recognition

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Robust real-time audiovisual face detection

Robust real-time audiovisual face detection

引用

Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion

作者： Fang, WM Aarabi, P Univ Toronto Artificial Percept Lab Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819453579

This paper presents a face detection system that synergizes audio localization and visual face detection. This audiovisual face detection system is based on microphone sound localization, and image processing algorithms. The system integrates the application of sound localization by Time Delay of Arrival and the iterative application of Adaptive Background Segmentation, to robustly perform real-time face detection on a stream of webcam images. Experimental results using an array of 24 microphones and a fixed-view webcam, show that the audiovisual face detection system is able to perform face detection of success rate 97.5% at 0.82 seconds of convergence time, and 5.8Hz display frame rate, on a Pentium IV 2.5GHz.

关键词： Facial recognition systems Image segmentation detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Image processing algorithms and systems System integration Visualization

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Missile signal processing common computer architecture for rapid technology upgrade

Missile signal processing common computer architecture for r...

引用

Conference on Advanced Signal Processing algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XIV

作者： Rabinkin, D Rutledge, E Monticciolo, P MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02420 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454974

Interceptor missiles process IR images captured by a focal plane array for locating and guiding the interceptor toward an intended target. A typical interceptor signal processing chain comprises two parts. Front-end video processing operates on all pixels of the image and performs such operations as non-uniformity correction (NUC), image stabilization, frame integration and detection. Back-end target processing, which tracks and classifies targets detected in the image, performs such algorithms as Kalman tracking, spectral feature extraction and target discrimination. Signal processing requirements increased as sensor bandwidth increases and interceptors operate against more sophisticated targets. In the past, video processing was implemented using ASICs or FPGAs because computation requirements exceeded the throughput of general-purpose processors. Target processing was performed using hybrid architectures that included ASICs. DSPs and general-purpose processors. The resulting systems tended to be very function-specific, and required custom software development. These systems were developed using non-integrated toolsets, and test equipment had to be developed along with the processor platform. The lifespan of the interceptor platform on which the signal processors operate often spans decades, while the specialized nature of processsor hardware and software makes it difficult and costly to upgrade. As a result., the signal processing systems often run on outdated components, signal processing algorithms are difficult to update. and system effectiveness is impaired by the inability to rapidly, respond to new threats. A new design approach to interceptor signal processing is made possible by three developments: Moore's Law - driven improvement in computational throughput;a newly introduced vector computing capability in general-purpose processors and a modern set of open interface software standards. Today's multiprocessor commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) platforms hav

关键词： Signal processing Digital signal processing Target detection detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Standards development MATLAB Commercial off the shelf technology Signal to noise ratio Software development

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Multiresolution versus single resolution horizon picking in 2D seismic images

Multiresolution versus single resolution horizon picking in ...

引用

Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing IX

作者： Faraklioti, A Petrou, M Univ Surrey Ctr Vis Speech & Signal Proc Sch Elect & Phys Sci Guildford GU2 5XH Surrey England

ISBN: (纸本)0819451215

In this paper, two different approaches for horizon picking are examined. The first one is a simple line detection algorithm applied to the full resolution image. The second algorithm is a multiscale line detection algorithm, based on the wavelet transform of the image. Both full resolution and multiresolution line detection algorithms are applied to 2D seismic images and compared in terms of their performance. Results show that the full resolution line detection approach outperforms the multiresolution approach.

关键词： Image resolution Wavelets Gaussian filters Image segmentation Image filtering detection and tracking algorithms Wavelet transforms Edge detection Filtering (signal processing) Advanced distributed simulations

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Fast mutual exclusion

Fast mutual exclusion

引用

16th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets

作者： Maskell, S Briers, M Wright, R QinetiQ Ltd Malvern Technol Ctr Malvern Worcs England

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

A method is presented that circumvents the combinatorial explosion often assumed to exist when summing probabilities of joint association events in a multiple target tracking context. The approach involves no approximations in the summation and while the number of joint events grows exponentially with the number of targets, the computational complexity of the approach is substantially less than exponential. Multiple target tracking algorithms that use this summation include mutual exclusion(11,21) in a particle filtering context and the Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter,(7) a Kalman Filter based algorithm. The perceived computational expense associated with this combinatorial explosion has meant that such algorithms have been restricted to applications involving only a handful of targets. The approach presented here makes it possible to use such algorithms with a large number of targets.

关键词： detection and tracking algorithms Filtering (signal processing) Electronic filtering Particle filters Particles

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Genetic optimization of the HSTAMIDS landmine detection algorithm

Genetic optimization of the HSTAMIDS landmine detection algo...

引用

Conference on detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX

作者： Konduri, R Solomon, G DeJong, K Duvoisin, H Bartosz, E CyTerra Corp Orlando FL 32809 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453382

CyTerra's dual sensor HSTAMIDS system has demonstrated exceptional landmine detection capabilities in extensive government-run field tests. Further optimization of the highly successful PentAD-class algorithms for Humanitarian Dernining (HD) use (to enhance detection (Pd) and to lower the false alarm rate (FAR)) may be possible. PentAD contains several input parameters, making such optimization computationally intensive. Genetic algorithm techniques, which formerly provided substantial improvement in the detection performance of the metal detector sensor algorithm alone, have been applied to optimize the numerical values of the dual-sensor algorithm parameters. Genetic algorithm techniques have also been applied to choose among several sub-models and fusion techniques to potentially train the HSTAMIDS HD system in new ways. In this presentation we discuss the performance of the resulting algorithm as applied to field data.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Land mines detection and tracking algorithms Genetics Optimization (mathematics) Sensors Algorithm development MATLAB Metals Principal component analysis

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Target detection in hyperspectral imagery using demixed spectral angles

Target detection in hyperspectral imagery using demixed spec...

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Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing IX

作者： Gillis, D Bowles, J USN Res Lab Washington DC 20375 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819451215

We present a modification to the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) to perform mixed pixel target detection in hyperspectral imagery. Our method uses the linear mixing model to define a new set of coordinates using endmember spectra. We show that spectral angles measured in this new coordinate system differ from those measured in full band space, and that there is a natural interpretation of angles involving mixed pixels in these new coordinates. We include experimental evidence that our method outperforms traditional SAM in cases involving both subpixel and shaded target situations.

关键词： Target detection Principal component analysis Hyperspectral imaging detection and tracking algorithms Sensors Hyperspectral target detection Data modeling Image sensors Minerals Spectral resolution

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