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检索条件"主题词=Detection and tracking algorithms"

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Polynomial time algorithm for hop constrained QoS routing

Polynomial time algorithm for hop constrained QoS routing

引用

Conference on Internet Quality of Service

作者： Verma, S Saxena, AK Indian Inst Informat Technol & Management Gwalior India

ISBN: (纸本)0819451282

The basis of a QoS-based routing algorithm is a dynamic network dependent cost function that is used to find the optimal or at least a feasible route across the network. However, all QoS-based routing algorithms suffer from a major drawback. The cost function at the core of the algorithms identifies segments of the network where resources are ample and exploits them to the benefit of connections that would otherwise cross a congested portion of the network. Thus, the algorithms consume more resources than Minimum Hop routing would do when the network traffic is non-stationary and heavy. QoS-based routing, thus, wastes resources and performs poorly compared with Minimum Hop routing in the event of congestion. The crux of the discussion is that whatever is gained at low or medium network loads, is offset at high network loads. What is required is a resilient algorithm that either allows the migration of a QoS-based routing algorithm to a Minimum Hop algorithm at high loads or air algorithm that merges Minimum Hop and QoS characteristics. The study opts for the latter approach and proposes and exhibits a hop constrained QoS routing algorithm that outperforms traditional QoS routing algorithms during simulation. This routing technique is based on an approximation algorithm that solves the hop constrained routing problem. The algorithm is derived from a dynamic programming FPAS scheme and finds the shortest walk for a single source destination pair in a graph with restricted number of hops when all the edge costs are non-negative. Simulated results demonstrate that routing technique based on the algorithm is robust to changes in the traffic pattern and outperforms other QoS based routing techniques under heavy load conditions.

关键词： Computer programming Computer simulations Algorithm development Staring arrays Switches Switching detection and tracking algorithms Information technology Internet Multimedia

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Object tracking in IR image sequences

Object tracking in IR image sequences

引用

Conference on Acquisition, tracking, and Pointing XVII

作者： Unal, G Krim, H Sims, R Georgia Inst Technol Sch ECE Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449415

In this paper, we present a technique for object tracking in image sequences, which makes use of an active contour framework that moves vertices of a polygon. In this approach, upon capturing boundaries of an object by a polygon from the first few frames of the image sequence, both the spatial segmentation and motion segmentation of a polygonal object can be achieved quickly by involving only the vertex locations and the adjacent edges in the computations. We carry out velocity field estimation at an active polygon vertex using the optical flow constraint on its two adjacent edges. A spatial segmentation phase follows to further refine object's vertex locations estimated by the optical flow. The advantage of our region-based active polygons over continuous active contours in object tracking in video applications is highlighted by its provision of a compact representation of object features, particularly for simply connected target shapes, hence will be essential for their tracking. Application of the method to target tracking in IR image sequences is illustrated.

关键词： Infrared imaging Infrared search and track Image segmentation Optical flow Video Motion estimation Motion measurement Algorithm development detection and tracking algorithms Electrochemical etching

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Fusion of acoustic/seismic and GPR detection algorithms

Fusion of acoustic/seismic and GPR detection algorithms

引用

Conference on detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII

作者： Gader, PD Wilson, JN Wang, T Keller, JM Lee, WH Grandhi, R Hocaoglu, AK McElroy, J Univ Florida Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449490

A variety of sensors have been investigated for the purpose of detecting buried landmines in outdoor environments. Mines with little or no metal are very difficult to detect with traditional mine detection systems. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) sensors have shown great promise in detecting low metal mines and can easily detect metal mines. Unfortunately, it can still be difficult to detect low-metal mines with GPR due to very low contrast between the mine and the surrounding medium. Acoustic-seismic systems were proposed by Sabatier ***. and have also shown great promise in detecting low metal mines. There are now a wealth of references that discuss these systems and algorithms for processing data from these systems. Therefore, they will not be discussed in detail here. In fact, low-metal mines are easier to detect than metal mines with this acoustic-seismic systems. Low metal mines that are difficult for a GPR to detect can be quite easy to detect with acoustic-seismic systems. Sensor fusion with these sensors is of interest since together they can find a broader range of mines with relative ease. The algorithmic challenge is to determine a strategy for combining the multi-sensor information in a way that can increase the probability of detection without increasing the false alarm rate significantly. In this paper, we investigate fusion of information obtained from GPR and acoustic-seismic on real data measured from a mine lane containing three types of buried landmines and also areas containing no landmines. algorithms are applied to data acquired from each sensor and confidence values are assigned to each location at which a measurement is made by each sensor. The GPR is used as a primary sensor. At each location at which the GPR algorithm declares an alarm, a modified likelihood-based approach is used to increase the GPR derived confidence if the likelihood that a mine is present, defined by the acoustic-based confidence, is larger than the likelihood that no

关键词： General packet radio service Acoustics Mining Sensors Land mines Metals Palladium detection and tracking algorithms Algorithm development Data acquisition

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Multisensor-multitarget sensor management: A unified Bayesian approach

Multisensor-multitarget sensor management: A unified Bayesia...

引用

Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XII

作者： Mahler, R Lockheed Martin Tact Syst Eagan MN USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449563

Multisensor-multitarget sensor management is at root a problem in nonlinear control theory. This paper develops a potentially computationally tractable approximation of an earlier (1996) Bayesian control-theoretic foundation for sensor management based on "finite-set statistics" (FISST) and the Bayes recursive filter for the entire multisensor-multitarget system. I analyze possible Bayesian control-theoretic objective functions: Csiszar information-theoretic functionals (which generalize Kullback-Leibler discrimination) and "geometric" functionals. I show that some of these objective functions lead to potentially tractable sensor management algorithms when used in conjunction with MHC (multi-hypothesis correlator)-like algorithms. I also take this opportunity to comment on recent misrepresentations of FISST involving so-called "joint multitarget probabilities (JMP).".

关键词： Sensors detection and tracking algorithms Calculus Optical correlators Digital filtering Statistical analysis Computing systems Filtering (signal processing) Nonlinear control Sensor fusion

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Utilization and viability of biologically-inspired algorithms in a dynamic multi agent camera surveillance system.

Utilization and viability of biologically-inspired algorithm...

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Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXI

作者： Mundhenk, TN Dhavale, N Marmol, S Calleja, E Navalpakkam, V Bellman, K Landauer, C Arbibb, MA Itti, L Univ So Calif Dept Comp Sci Henry Salvatori Comp Sci Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945155X

In view of the growing complexity of computational tasks and their design, we propose that certain interactive systems may be better designed by utilizing computational strategies based on the study of the human brain. Compared with current engineering paradigms, brain theory offers the promise of improved self-organization and adaptation to the current environment, freeing the programmer from having to address those issues in a procedural manner when designing and implementing large-scale complex systems. To advance this hypothesis, we discus a multi-agent surveillance system where 12 agent CPUs each with its own camera, compete and cooperate to monitor a large room. To cope with the overload of image data streaming from 12 cameras, we take inspiration from the primate's visual system, which allows the animal to operate a real-time selection of the few most conspicuous locations in visual input. This is accomplished by having each camera agent utilize the bottom-up, saliency-based visual attention algorithm of Itti and Koch (Vision Research 2000;40(10-12):1489-1506) to scan the scene for objects of interest. Real time operation is achieved using a distributed version that runs on a 16-CPU Beowulf cluster composed of the agent computers. The algorithm guides cameras to track and monitor salient objects based on maps of color, orientation, intensity, and motion. To spread camera view points or create cooperation in monitoring highly salient targets, camera agents bias each other by increasing or decreasing the weight of different feature vectors in other cameras, using mechanisms similar to excitation and suppression that have been documented in electrophysiology, psychophysics and imaging studies of low-level visual processing. In addition, if cameras need to compete for computing resources, allocation of computational time is weighed based upon the history of each camera. A camera agent that has a history of seeing more salient targets is more likely to obtain comp

关键词： Cameras Visualization Brain Calibration Iron Surveillance systems Imaging systems Video detection and tracking algorithms Brain mapping

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Polarization imaging using active illumination and lock-in like algorithms

Polarization imaging using active illumination and lock-in l...

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Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing

作者： Gypson, M Dobbs, M Pruitt, J Neff, B Fennelly, J ITT Ind Aerosp Commun Div Ft Wayne IN USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450316

An innovative system architecture for a real time Active Imaging Polarimeter has been developed. The system benefits from very few hardware components (all of which are off the shelf) and a high performance signal recovery algorithm. An electo-optic modulator imposes a waveform. of a defined frequency onto the optical signal from a standard telecom laser diode and is transmitted with a known polarization. Multiple polarization states can be transmitted simultaneously, each with a different modulation signature. Each of these states are reflected off a target and imaged through a single polarization analyzer onto a high frame rate, near infrared, focal plane array. Using knowledge of the modulation frequencies, lock-in amplifier algorithms enable measurements of the received beam intensities and therefore polarizations with high SNR performance. Multiple signals (each at unique modulation frequencies) can be differentiated and manipulated (in waveform, wavelength and polarization) to serve many imaging applications. The active imager architecture operates in turbid atmospheres day or night. This technique and its variations provide the necessary tools for a new approach to active imaging, polarimetry, 3D ranging and trace gas imaging.

关键词： Polarization Imaging systems Modulation Polarimetry detection and tracking algorithms Cameras Computing systems Modulators Sensors Image processing

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Quantitative phase measurements using a quadrature tomographic microscope

Quantitative phase measurements using a quadrature tomograph...

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Conference on 3-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing X

作者： Townsend, DJ Quarles, KD Thomas, AL Rockward, WS Warner, CM Newmark, JA DiMarzio, CA Northeastern Univ Ctr Subsurface Sensing & Imaging Syst Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819447641

The Quadrature Tomographic Microscope measures the amplitude and phase of an image. This information allows the user to see contrast features not available in other microscopes, and is critical to any three-dimensional reconstruction. We report on development and use of test objects to measure the accuracy and repeatability of phase measurements. A simple binary phase grating, a series of glass beads, and preimplantation mouse embryos were used in these experiments. The gratin's were fabricated on high-quality fused-silica substrates whose transmission phase error was determined to be less than one-tenth wave error across their 25 mm diameter before fabrication. The phase step of the binary phase grating was measured using both the optical quadrature technique and the usual fringe-counting techniques applied to the raw data. Phase unwrapping techniques were validated bv measurinc, the diameter of glass beads of a known size. Results are presented showing that the phase measurements agree with each other. with the known data, and with the spatial resolution in preimplantation mouse embryos. More complicated objects will be fabricated in the future to validate 3-D imaging techniques.

关键词： Phase measurement Glasses Microscopes Binary data Tomography Data modeling Cameras Fabrication Oscillators detection and tracking algorithms

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Analog SEED characterization as edge detector using Canny's criteria

Analog SEED characterization as edge detector using Canny's ...

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19th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics

作者： Vianna, CJ De Souza, EA Univ Brasilia Inst Fis BR-70919970 Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0819445967

We characterized an analog Self Electro-optic Effect Device (SEED) as an edge detector using the criteria of J. Canny[1], maximizing signal-to-noise ratio and minimizing spurious response. And also rotation invariance that is a criterion used in many edge detector algorithms. The analog SEED is a GaAs quantum well opto-electronic device that integrates detection and modulation in a unique image processor.

关键词： Sensors Analog electronics Image processing Photodetectors Quantum wells Edge detection detection and tracking algorithms Electro optics Modulators Signal to noise ratio

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Optical imagery

Optical imagery

引用

19th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics

作者： Sentenac, A Belkebir, K Giovannini, H Univ St Jerome Inst Fresnel F-13397 Marseille 20 France

ISBN: (纸本)0819445967

We propose a technique, based on an interferometric experiment and an optimisation algorithm, that permits to retrieve the map of permittivity of unknown objects deposited on a flat surface. We show numerically that one can obtain a better resolution than the usual Rayleigh limit even with detectors and emitters in the far-field zone.

关键词： Objectives Microscopes Near field optics Sensors Interferometry Electromagnetism Lenses detection and tracking algorithms Optical microscopes Optical microscopy

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Inspection of alternating phase shift masks through the use of phase contrast techniques

Inspection of alternating phase shift masks through the use ...

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19th European Conference on Mask Technology for Integrated Circuits and Microcomponents

作者： Zurbrick, L Rudzinski, M Stokowski, S He, L Kimmel, K Kashwala, N KLA Tencor Corp San Jose CA 95134 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450189

Alternating Phase Shift Masks (altPSM's) are an option for the production of critical layers at the 100 nm technology node and below. Successful implementation of altPSM's into a wafer manufacturing process depends upon the ability to successfully inspect, disposition and repair defects that occur during the mask manufacturing process. One technique previously described to improve phase defect contrast was the use of simultaneous transmitted and reflected light [1][2]. The previous technique provided for improved phase defect detection in altPSM's produced for the 130 nm node at a 248 nm lithographic wavelength. This work describes the results from a die-to-die inspection method that improves phase defect contrast in transmitted light for altPSM's produced for the 100 nm node at a 193 nm wavelength. The improved phase defect detection technique addresses the challenges of decreasing linewidth/pitch and reduced defect phase resulting from the decrease in lithographic wavelength relative to the inspection wavelength of light. The improved phase defect detection method also provides a method to determine whether a defect is a binary, phase bump or phase divot type of defect. Results are compared against the previous inspection methods. A test vehicle for gathering sensitivity performance data is described along with the results obtained from the inspection system.

关键词： Inspection Quartz Defect detection Phase contrast Photomasks Etching Lithography detection and tracking algorithms Phase shift keying Phase shifts

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