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Learning object models from graph templates

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1997年第3期6卷 294-302页

作者： Mirhosseini, AR Yan, H Univ Sydney Dept Elect Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

This paper describes a novel neural network (NN) based system for defecting rigid objects from their (2-D) gray-level image images. In this approach a labeled graph is employed to construct a template model for an object from the image region where the object is located A novel network of NN (NoNN) is proposed to learn the examples of object model graph templates. The NoNN is composed of a set of subnetworks that are not connected to one another The selected network topology improves the generalization of the classifier in terms of its Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension (VCdim). Each subnetwork is a network of multilayer perception neural network classifiers operating in parallel with the rest of the system. Each subnetwork is assigned to learn the label of one vertex of a graph, The detection scheme combines the decisions of the subnetworks to classify an image graph extracted from an input image block. This visual computational model is potentially useful for partial matching where the object is occluded. Performance of the system is tested in modeling and detection of human eye regions in face images with some degree of variation in the direction of pose;(C) 1997 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Eye models Eye Wavelets Feature extraction detection and tracking algorithms Neural networks Image analysis Image processing Visualization Systems modeling

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Efficiently tracking a moving object in two-dimensional image space

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第3期10卷 785-793页

作者： Barrett, SF Wright, CHG Zwick, H Wilcox, M Rockwell, BA Naess, E Univ Wyoming Dept Elect Engn Laramie WY 82071 USA USAF Acad Dept Elect Engn Colorado Springs CO 80840 USA USA Res Detachment Walter Reed Army Inst Res Brooks AFB TX 78235 USA USAF Acad Dept Biol Colorado Springs CO 80840 USA USAF Human Effectiveness Directorate Opt Radiat Branch Brooks AFB TX 78235 USA

A tracking algorithm has been developed to efficiently track a moving object in two-dimensional image space. The algorithm employs a limited exhaustive template matching scheme that combines the accuracy of an exhaustive search with the computational efficiency of a coarse-fine template matching scheme, The overall result is an accurate, time-efficient tracking algorithm. After providing a theoretical discussion of the algorithm, three separate biomedical applications of the algorithm are described. (1) stabilizing an irradiating laser on the retinal surface for photocoagulation treatment, (2) measuring target fixation eye movement to construct pattern densities at the retina, and (3) tracking a rat swimming in a Morris Water Maze for psychophysiological studies. Results for each application is provided, The paper concludes Vith a discussion of the relative merits of the tracking algorithm and recommendations for methods to improve the performance of the algorithm. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： detection and tracking algorithms Retina Algorithm development Video Eye Head Cameras Laser coagulation Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy Electrical engineering

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Rate constrained block matching algorithm for video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1998年第1期7卷 145-154页

作者： Bayazit, U Pearlman, WA Toshiba Adv Televis Technol Ctr Princeton NJ 08540 USA Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12180 USA

The rate constrained block matching algorithm (RCBMA) jointly minimizes displaced frame difference (DFD) variance and entropy, or conditional entropy of motion vectors for determining the motion vectors. It is intended for use in low rate video coding applications, where the contribution of the motion vector rate to the overall coding rate might be significant. The DFD variance Versus motion vector rate performance of RCBMA employing size K x K blocks is shown to be superior to that of the conventional minimum distortion block matching algorithm (MDBMA) employing size 2K x 2K blocks. Constraining of the entropy or conditional entropy of motion vectors in RCBMA results in smoother and more organized motion vector fields than those output by MDBMA. The motion vector rate of RCBMA can also be precisely controlled for each frame by adjusting a single parameter. (C) 1998 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(98)02301-0].

关键词： Motion estimation Distortion Video coding Quantization Receivers Computer simulations Video detection and tracking algorithms Visualization Cameras

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Automatic call number localization in color book images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第4期14卷 043017.1-043017.6页

作者： Hu, XF Zhou, Y Ye, QT Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn Shanghai 200030 Peoples R China

An algorithm for automatic localization of call numbers embedded in book images is proposed. The algorithm first detects potential character pixels by computing the difference and the position relation between the maximum and minimum gradient in a local window. These pixels are combined to form connected components ( CCs). Then, CC-based filtering based on the geometry and shape information is performed to eliminate some nontext components, and the retained components are grouped into text lines candidates. Finally, the call number is selected from the text candidates by using a multilayer perceptron ( MLP) classifier. Tests are performed on a set of the images acquired under the different conditions, and experimental results prove that the proposed method is effective. (c) 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image segmentation Video Feature extraction Image filtering Algorithm development Image processing Chromium detection and tracking algorithms Neural networks RGB color model

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Virtual restoration of vintage photographic prints affected by foxing and water blotches

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第4期14卷 043008.1-043008.1页

作者： Stanco, F Tenze, L Ramponi, G Univ Trieste Dipartimento Elettrotecn Elettron & Informat I-34127 Trieste Italy

We propose a new algorithm to digitally restore vintage photographic prints affected by foxing and water blotches. It semiautomatically recovers the defects utilizing the features of the stains. The restoration process enhances the residual image information still present in the area. It is composed of three different steps: inpainting, additive-multiplicative ( A-M) modeling, and interpolation. (c) 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Photography Image processing Image segmentation Image enhancement detection and tracking algorithms Image filtering RGB color model Digital photography Image restoration Opacity

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Retinex preprocessing of uncalibrated images for color-based image retrieval

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2003年第1期12卷 161-172页

作者： Ciocca, G Marini, D Rizzi, A Schettini, R Zuffi, S CNR Tecnol Informat Multimediali ITC Milan Italy Univ Milan Dipartimento Sci Informaz I-20122 Milan Italy Univ Milan Dip Tecnol Informaz I-20122 Milan Italy Univ Milan DISCO I-20122 Milan Italy CNR Ist Biostrutture & Bioimmagini Naples Italy

In image databases, variations in imaging conditions and preprocessing may result in similar originals that exhibit a low measure of similarity when color information is used in standard image retrieval methods. We examine the performance of various color-based retrieval strategies to see whether, and to what degree, the effectiveness of retrieval improves with Retinex-based preprocessing, regardless of the strategy adopted. The results of experiments performed on four different databases are reported and discussed. (C) 2003 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Databases Image retrieval Ceramics RGB color model Colorimetry Image processing Feature extraction detection and tracking algorithms Image filtering Visualization

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Invertibility and transitivity analysis for nonrigid image registration

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2003年第1期12卷 106-117页

作者： Christensen, GE Johnson, HJ Univ Iowa Dept Elect & Comp Engn Iowa City IA 52242 USA

We present a new method for evaluating the performance of nonrigid image registration algorithms by analyzing the invertibility and transitivity properties of the transformations that they produce. The invertibility and transitivity of transformations computed using a unidirectional and a consistent linear-elastic registration algorithm are evaluated. The invertibility of the transformations is evaluated by comparing the composition of transformations from images A to B and B to A to the identity mapping. The transitivity of the transformations is evaluated by measuring the difference between the identity mapping and the composition of the transformations from images A to B, B to C, and C to A. Transformations are generated by matching three computer-generated phantoms, three computed tomography (CT) data of infant heads, and 23 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of adult brains. In all cases, the inverse consistency constraint (ICC) algorithm out-performs the unidirectional algorithm by producing transformations that have less inverse consistency error and less transitivity error. For the MRI brain data, the ICC algorithm reduced the maximum inverse consistency error by 205 times, the average transitivity error by 50%, and the maximum transitivity error by 37% on average compared to the unidirectional algorithm. (C) 2003 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Image registration Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography detection and tracking algorithms 3D image processing Error analysis Brain Head Image analysis Neuroimaging

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Practical image registration concerns overcome by the weighted and filtered mutual information metric

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2012年第2期21卷 023029-1-023029-17页

作者： Keane, Tommy P. Saber, Eli Rhody, Harvey Savakis, Andreas Raj, Jeffrey Rochester Inst Technol Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci Rochester NY 14623 USA Rochester Inst Technol Dept Elect & Microelect Engn Rochester NY 14623 USA Rochester Inst Technol Dept Comp Engn Rochester NY 14623 USA Lenel Syst Int Inc Pittsford NY 14534 USA

Contemporary research in automated panorama creation utilizes camera calibration or extensive knowledge of camera locations and relations to each other to achieve successful results. Research in image registration attempts to restrict these same camera parameters or apply complex point-matching schemes to overcome the complications found in real-world scenarios. This paper presents a novel automated panorama creation algorithm by developing an affine transformation search based on maximized mutual information (MMI) for region-based registration. Standard MMI techniques have been limited to applications with airborne/satellite imagery or medical images. We show that a novel MMI algorithm can approximate an accurate registration between views of realistic scenes of varying depth distortion. The proposed algorithm has been developed using stationary, color, surveillance video data for a scenario with no a priori camera-to-camera parameters. This algorithm is robust for strict-and nearly-affine-related scenes, while providing a useful approximation for the overlap regions in scenes related by a projective homography or a more complex transformation, allowing for a set of efficient and accurate initial conditions for pixel-based registration. (C) 2012 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/***.21.2.023029]

关键词： Principal component analysis Wavelets Databases Facial recognition systems detection and tracking algorithms Feature extraction Image registration Algorithm development Autoregressive models Cameras

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ANALYSIS OF COLOR IMAGES OF NATURAL SCENES

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1995年第4期4卷 382-396页

作者： CELENK, M Ohio Univ. (USA)

A clustering algorithm for analyzing and partitioning the color images of natural scenes is described. The proposed method operates in the 1976 CIE (L*,a*,b*)-uniform color coordinate system. It detects image clusters in some circular-cylindrical decision elements of the color space. This estimates the clusters' color distributions without imposing any constraints on their forms. Surfaces of the decision elements are formed with constant lightness and constant chromaticity loci. Each surface is obtained using only 1-D histograms of the L*,H-o,C* cylindrical coordinates of the image data or the extracted feature vector. The Fisher linear discriminant method is then used to project simultaneously the detected color clusters onto a line for 1-D thresholding. This permits utilization of all the color properties for segmentation, and inherently recognizes their respective cross correlation. in this respect, the proposed algorithm also differs from the multiple histogram-based thresholding schemes in that it generates more reliable gross segmentation results.

关键词： Image analysis Image segmentation detection and tracking algorithms Feature extraction Image processing algorithms and systems

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Adding rate control to JPEG-LS

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第3期10卷 727-734页

作者： Jiang, J Grecos, C Univ Glamorgan Sch Comp Pontypridd CF37 1DL M Glam Wales

In this paper, we present a low cost approach to design rate control algorithm for JPEG-LS, the latest JPEG lossless/near lossless image compression standard, to achieve an information loss adaptive and rate-controlled near lossless image compression. The design incorporates the major features of data compression in JPEG-LS and seamlessly adds an information loss distribution scheme into the standard to adjust the compression ratio in accordance with the variance of image content and lock the final compression ratio at a desired target specified by users. The algorithm proposed also satisfies the general requirement for industrial standards as such that., (i) the complexity of JPEG-LS is maintained at a similar level without any significant increase;(fi) the compression ratio at its near lossless compression mode is controlled at a target bit rate within the range of near lossless compression;(iii) the visual perception quality is even better than the original JPEG-LS in smooth areas;(iv) the image quality in terms of PSNR is maintained competitive to the original JPEG-LS. Extensive experiments confirm the above statements when the original JPEG-LS is used as our benchmark, which is not rate controlled. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image compression Image quality detection and tracking algorithms Visualization Distortion Image quality standards Edge detection Control systems Computer programming Optical inspection

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