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Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIII

作者： AlSamman, A Alam, MS Univ New Orleans Dept Elect & Comp Engn New Orleans LA 70146 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444847

In this paper we describe a simple pose estimation based optoelectronic system for the recognition of facial images. The pose estimation described herein is a simple digital algorithm that is used to replace the composite image generation techniques while maintaining a low interclass cross correlation. The optoelectronic fringe adjusted join transform correlator (FJTC) is then used to provide correlation. A description of the optoelectronic system and the entire process is presented. In addition, simulation result and comparison to SDF based recognition are provided to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.

关键词： Composites Databases detection and tracking algorithms Facial recognition systems Fourier transforms Image processing Joint transforms Optoelectronics Head Optical correlators

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Guardian: A router mechanism for extreme overload prevention

Guardian: A router mechanism for extreme overload prevention

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Conference on Scalability and Traffic Control in IP Networks II

作者： Jiang, H Dovrolis, C Univ Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819446475

Disasters such as the 9/11 attacks, as well as major and unpredictable events, can cause extreme network overload. By "extreme overload" we mean, first, that the offered load at a link is significantly higher than the link's capacity, and second, that the average throughput per session is too low. Under such conditions, the network can suffer from a form of "livelock" in which even though links axe fully utilized, most users cannot complete their transfers. The underlying reasons are that the network carries many retransmitted packets, and that it services flows that are finally aborted by users or applications. To prevent extreme network overload, we propose a router mechanism called Guardian. Guardian is a form of admission control module that is automatically activated when it detects the onset of extreme overload at a network link. Guardian's objective is to allow at least some sessions to complete, rejecting new TCP or UDP sessions that would probably not manage to acquire a minimum acceptable throughput. Guardian does not require signalling, and. it can be implemented using standard techniques for session counting and caching. This paper describes on-going work. As such, we focus on the motivation for the proposed mechanism, and on Guardian's main design.

关键词： Internet Clocks RGB color model Computer simulations Analytical research Control systems detection and tracking algorithms Lithium Video Natural disasters

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Inter-observer variations on interpretation of multi-slice CT lung cancer screening studies, and the implications for computer-aided diagnosis

Inter-observer variations on interpretation of multi-slice C...

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Medical Imaging 2002 Conference

作者： Novak, CL Qian, JZ Fan, L Ko, JP Rubinowitz, AN McGuinness, G Naidich, DP Siemens Corporate Research Inc. (United States) New York Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819444316

With low dose multi-slice CT for screening of lung cancer, physicians are now finding and examining increasingly smaller nodules. However as the size of detectable nodules becomes smaller, there may be greater differences among physicians as to what is detected and what constitutes a nodule. In this study, 10 CT screening studies of smokers were individually evaluated by three thoracic radiologists. After consensus to determine a "gold standard", the number of nodules detected by individual radiologists ranged from 1.4 to 2.1 detections per patient. Each radiologist detected nodules missed by the other two. Although a total of 26 true nodules were detected by one or more radiologists, only 8 (3 1 %) were detected by all three radiologists. The number of true nodules detected by an integrated automatic detection algorithm was 3.2 per patient after radiologist validation. Including these nodules in the gold standard set reduced the sensitivity of nodule detection by each radiologist to less than half. The sensitivity of nodule detection by the computer was better at 64 %, proving especially efficacious for detecting smaller and more central nodules. Use of the automatic detection module would allow individual radiologists to increase the number of detected nodules by 114 % to 207 %.

关键词： Lung cancer Computer aided diagnosis and therapy Gold detection and tracking algorithms Lung Computing systems Visualization Computed tomography Feature extraction X-ray computed tomography

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Psychophysical experiments on the PicHunter image retrieval system

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第1期10卷 170-180页

作者： Papathomas, TV Cox, IJ Yianilos, PN Miller, TL Minka, TP Conway, TE Ghosn, J NEC Res Inst Piscataway NJ 08854 USA Rutgers State Univ Lab Vis & Res Piscataway NJ 08854 USA Univ Montreal Dept Informat & Res Operat Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada

Psychophysical experiments were conducted on PicHunter, a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) experimental prototype with the following properties: (1) Based on a model of how users respond, it uses Bayes's rule to predict what target users want, given their actions. (2) It possesses an extremely simple user interface. (3) It employs an entropy-based scheme to improve convergence. (4) It introduces a paradigm for assessing the performance of CBIR systems. Experiments 1-3 studied human judgment of image similarity to obtain data for the model. Experiment 4 studied the importance of using: (a) semantic information, (b) memory of earlier input and (c) relative and absolute judgments of similarity. Experiment 5 tested an approach that we propose for comparing performances of CBIR systems objectively. Finally, experiment 6 evaluated the most informative display-updating scheme that is based on entropy minimization, and confirmed earlier simulation results. These experiments represent one of the first attempts to quantify CBIR performance based on psychophysical studies, and they provide valuable data for improving CBIR algorithms. Even though they were designed with PicHunter in mind, their results can be applied to any CBIR system and, more generally, to any system that involves judgment of image similarity by humans. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image retrieval Databases Image enhancement Data modeling detection and tracking algorithms Performance modeling Digital imaging Visualization Human-machine interfaces Image processing

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Real-time field programmable gate array architecture for computer vision

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第1期10卷 289-296页

作者： Arias-Estrada, M Torres-Huitzil, C Natl Inst Astrophys Opt & Elect Dept Comp Sci Puebla 72000 Mexico

This paper presents an architecture for real-time generic convolution of a mask and an image. The architecture is intended for fast low-level image processing. The field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based architecture takes advantage of the availability of registers in FPGAs to implement an efficient and compact module to process the convolutions. The architecture is designed to minimize the number of accesses to the image memory and it is based on parallel modules with infernal pipeline operation in order to improve its performance. The architecture is prototyped in a FPGA, but if can be implemented on dedicated very-large-scale-integrated devices to reach higher clock frequencies. Complexity issues, FPGA resources utilization, FPGA limitations, and real-time performance are discussed. Some results are presented and discussed. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image processing Field programmable gate arrays Computer architecture Edge detection detection and tracking algorithms Convolution Computer vision technology Corner detection Machine vision Clocks

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Indexing and retrieval of TV broadcast news using DANCERS

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第4期10卷 871-882页

作者： Hanjalic, A Kakes, G Lagendijk, RL Biemond, J Delft Univ Technol Fac Informat Technol & Syst Dept Mediamat Informat & Commun Theory Grp NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands

In this article we present DANCERS, a system for automated indexing and retrieval of TV broadcast news. The system output, a topic-based report organization structure, is obtained in three major steps. In the first step, the visual and the speech streams of a news program are analyzed in order to partition the program into report segments. In the second step, the transcribed speech of each of the report segments is matched with the content of a large prespecified textual topic database. This database covers a large number of topics and can be updated anytime, e.g., according to the user's interests. The result of the matching procedure is a list of most probable topics per report segment that are used in the last step to merge related neighboring segments into reports. The most probable topics that serve as the base for the segment-merging procedure are at the same time the indexes of the newly created reports, using which the reports can be retrieved or classified A relative simplicity of the indexing approach, minimized user involvement and highly satisfying indexing performance are the major characteristics of our system. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Databases Video Visualization Image segmentation Speech recognition detection and tracking algorithms Navigation systems Internet Reliability Televisions

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Font clustering and cluster identification in document images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第2期10卷 418-430页

作者： Öztürk, S Sankur, B Abak, AT Bogazici Univ Dept Elect Elect Engn TR-80815 Bebek Turkey Marmara Res Ctr Informat Technol Res Inst Gebze Kocaeli Turkey

In this work clustering and recognition problem of fonts in document images is addressed. Various font features and their clustering behavior are investigated. Font clustering is implemented both from shape similarity or from OCR performance points of view. A font recognition algorithm is developed that can identify the font group or the individual font from which a text was created. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Optical character recognition Raster graphics detection and tracking algorithms Algorithm development Feature extraction Binary data Image segmentation Databases Distance measurement Distortion

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Audio-visual query and retrieval: A system that uses dynamic programming and relevance feedback

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第4期10卷 861-870页

作者： Naphade, MR Wang, RR Huang, TS Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Coordinated Sci Lab Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol Urbana IL 61801 USA

A necessary capability for content-based retrieval is to support the paradigm of query by example. In the past, there have been several attempts to use low-level features for video retrieval. However, most of the approaches support queries using image sequences only. We present an algorithm for matching multimodal (audio-visual) patterns for the purpose of content-based video retrieval The novel ability of our approach to use the information content in multiple media coupled with a strong emphasis on temporal similarity differentiates it from the state of the art in content-based retrieval. At the core of the pattern matching scheme is a dynamic programming algorithm, which leads to a significant improvement in performance. Coupling the use of audio with video this algorithm can be applied to grouping of shots based on audio-visual similarity. We also support relevance feedback. The user can provide feedback to the system, by choosing clips, which are closer to the user's desired target. The system then automatically adjusts the relative weights or relevance of the media and fetches different sets of target clips accordingly. It is our observation that a few iterations of such feedback are generally sufficient, for retrieving the desired video clips. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Video Distortion Computer programming Feature extraction Databases Visualization detection and tracking algorithms Dynamical systems Image retrieval Multimedia

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Adding rate control to JPEG-LS

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第3期10卷 727-734页

作者： Jiang, J Grecos, C Univ Glamorgan Sch Comp Pontypridd CF37 1DL M Glam Wales

In this paper, we present a low cost approach to design rate control algorithm for JPEG-LS, the latest JPEG lossless/near lossless image compression standard, to achieve an information loss adaptive and rate-controlled near lossless image compression. The design incorporates the major features of data compression in JPEG-LS and seamlessly adds an information loss distribution scheme into the standard to adjust the compression ratio in accordance with the variance of image content and lock the final compression ratio at a desired target specified by users. The algorithm proposed also satisfies the general requirement for industrial standards as such that., (i) the complexity of JPEG-LS is maintained at a similar level without any significant increase;(fi) the compression ratio at its near lossless compression mode is controlled at a target bit rate within the range of near lossless compression;(iii) the visual perception quality is even better than the original JPEG-LS in smooth areas;(iv) the image quality in terms of PSNR is maintained competitive to the original JPEG-LS. Extensive experiments confirm the above statements when the original JPEG-LS is used as our benchmark, which is not rate controlled. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image compression Image quality detection and tracking algorithms Visualization Distortion Image quality standards Edge detection Control systems Computer programming Optical inspection

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Efficiently tracking a moving object in two-dimensional image space

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第3期10卷 785-793页

作者： Barrett, SF Wright, CHG Zwick, H Wilcox, M Rockwell, BA Naess, E Univ Wyoming Dept Elect Engn Laramie WY 82071 USA USAF Acad Dept Elect Engn Colorado Springs CO 80840 USA USA Res Detachment Walter Reed Army Inst Res Brooks AFB TX 78235 USA USAF Acad Dept Biol Colorado Springs CO 80840 USA USAF Human Effectiveness Directorate Opt Radiat Branch Brooks AFB TX 78235 USA

A tracking algorithm has been developed to efficiently track a moving object in two-dimensional image space. The algorithm employs a limited exhaustive template matching scheme that combines the accuracy of an exhaustive search with the computational efficiency of a coarse-fine template matching scheme, The overall result is an accurate, time-efficient tracking algorithm. After providing a theoretical discussion of the algorithm, three separate biomedical applications of the algorithm are described. (1) stabilizing an irradiating laser on the retinal surface for photocoagulation treatment, (2) measuring target fixation eye movement to construct pattern densities at the retina, and (3) tracking a rat swimming in a Morris Water Maze for psychophysiological studies. Results for each application is provided, The paper concludes Vith a discussion of the relative merits of the tracking algorithm and recommendations for methods to improve the performance of the algorithm. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： detection and tracking algorithms Retina Algorithm development Video Eye Head Cameras Laser coagulation Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy Electrical engineering

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