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检索条件"主题词=Detection and tracking algorithms"

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Survey of fuzzy logic and neural network technology for multi-target tracking

Survey of fuzzy logic and neural network technology for mult...

引用

Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VIII

作者： Amoozegar, F Notash, A Pang, HY Hughes Space & Commun Los Angeles CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428205

Adaptive techniques for multi-target tracking have primarily been based on prior assumptions for the target and its background distribution. The statistical distribution theory, on the other hand, demands more complex mathematical modeling, which turns out to be computationally intensive as well. It is hard to deny the role of distribution theory and probabilistic approaches to the Multi-Target tracking (MTT) particularly within the last two decades. However, despite the strength of statistical techniques and Bayesian approaches, the number of sensor samples for accurate modeling of current highly dynamical targets and their complex maneuvering capabilities require rather unrealistic assumptions about target dynamics. Practical target maneuvers with today's technology can be so short in duration that constant and uniform acceleration models for several samples may easily result in loss of tracks. This means the target can be undetected for many samples while making sharp turns. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift toward fuzzy logic and neural network techniques. The membership functions of a fuzzy controller and nonlinear mapping capability of a trained neural network have made these two different technologies a viable combined system. The objective of this paper is to conduct a survey in the fuzzy logic technology as applied to target tracking and discuss its relation to neural networks when combined together.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Neural networks Filtering (signal processing) detection and tracking algorithms Automatic target recognition Electronic filtering Signal to noise ratio Automatic tracking Sensors Statistical modeling

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Important differences between distance classifier correlation filters and fisher linear discriminant functions

Important differences between distance classifier correlatio...

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VIII

作者： Mahalanobis, A Kumar, BVKV Raytheon Missile Syst Co Tucson AZ 85734 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428205

Recent advances in the design of correlation filters have made them an important tool for automatic target recognition (ATR). In particular, Distance Classifier Correlation filters (DCCFs) introduced by Mahalanobis ct. al. [1,2] have proven attractive in ATR experiments. This success of DCCFs is mainly due to a methodology that is designed to provide good distortion tolerance and discrimination. Since DCCFs maximize "distances" between classes, there is a natural tendency to misinterpret DCCFs as nothing more than another form of Fisher Linear Discriminant Functions (LDFs) [2] The DCCF algorithm combines properties of a correlator with signal processing techniques and concepts to yield novel and efficient ways for recognizing targets in images. Although parallels exist between the DCCF algorithm and some well known concepts in pattern recognition such as the Fisher LDF, several important differences between the two should to be clearly understood. Fundamentally, the Fisher LDF is a vector onto which feature vectors are projected whereas the DCCFs require quadratic distance calculations in a transformed space. Fisher LDFs are usually applied to features computed from an image whereas DCCFs are designed to work with images. These and other important differences between the two approaches lead to very different end results. We will clearly identify these differences and also point out the apparent similarities that lead to potential confusion between the two algorithms. A subset of the public release MSTAR data will be used for illustrative comparisons. This clarifying presentation is essential for a better understanding of DCCFs and a fair comparison with other approaches.

关键词： Image filtering Filtering (signal processing) Linear filtering Automatic target recognition Distortion Image segmentation detection and tracking algorithms Optical correlators Tolerancing Mahalanobis distance

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High bandwidth flexible algorithm tracker for ABL

High bandwidth flexible algorithm tracker for ABL

引用

Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology

作者： Michnovicz, MR SVS R&D Syst Inc Albuquerque NM 87109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428302

A high speed tracker is being developed for the Airborne Laser (ABL) program. This paper outlines the parallel processing concept that is being considered for design on the program. A sensor array to be built specially for the ABL program will implement parallel channels to read out the sensor data. This 16-wide parallel data path will be followed through the processing, including pixel processing and application of the tracking algorithm. To implement the tracking algorithm in a fewer number of processors, subregions of the sensor data are tagged during pixel processing as being of interest (e.g. within the track gate) and only those regions are assigned to processors for further processing. The paper includes discussion on methods for grouping these subregions. Approaches for implementing two candidate tracking algorithms using these methods, and a discussion of the plan for implementing this concept.

关键词： Image processing detection and tracking algorithms Sensors Airborne laser technology Beam controllers Digital signal processing Parallel processing Chemical elements Data processing Image segmentation

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Image pre-processing by neuron-like algorithms

Image pre-processing by neuron-like algorithms

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International Symposium on Optical Information Science and Technology (OIST 97) - Optical Recording Mechanisms and Media

作者： Kuznetsov, SO Nuidel, IV Panfilov, AI Yakhno, VG Russian Acad Sci Inst Appl Phys Nizhnii Novgorod 603600 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)0819428523

The problem of image pre-processing by neuron-like algorithms concerns development of systems and methods of image processing in parallel regime. The processing algorithms of grey-tone images to sets of simplified binary images by software of neuron-like filtration (based on the models of homogeneous neural networks) are considered in the paper and partially realised. The time of image processing is calculated. Carrying out of the required set of operations with image is possible according to the convolution function view. The neural network parameters (the type of coupling function and type of element response to the external influence) are selected in accordance with the solution which we want to receive. The programme uses function similar to the Mask Convolution function. This function as any other functions basic for image processing are realised in the Intel Corporation "Recognition Primitives Library (RPL) for the Pentium Processor" with great efficiency. Library works under Windows NT. Performed calculations confirm that neuron-like model may be applied for real time image processing using RPL.

关键词： Image processing Algorithm development Convolution Neural networks Chemical elements detection and tracking algorithms Binary data Evolutionary algorithms Real time image processing Systems modeling

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Dedicated advanced software facility for processing data from earth observing satellites

Dedicated advanced software facility for processing data fro...

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SPIE Conference on Earth Observing Systems III

作者： Lampropoulos, GA Boulter, JF AUG Signals Ltd Toronto ON M4V 1K7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819428949

In this paper, a general philosophy about feature windows based applications and a windows-based application are presented for analysis, algorithm development, testing and validation studies for Signal, Image and Data Processing (SIDP) for Space-Based Surveillance (SBS) Applications. This dedicated facility is called AUG_SIDP. It performs several specialized tasks such as blur estimation, restoration, CFAR detection, clutter modeling, registration, pixel and data level fusion, target tracking and classification. It is still in the development and testing phase.

关键词： Image processing Algorithm development detection and tracking algorithms Sensors Expectation maximization algorithms Image processing algorithms and systems Standards development Image segmentation Optical filters Target detection

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Segmentation of textured images using local spatial-frequency representation

Segmentation of textured images using local spatial-frequenc...

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Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXI

作者： Tao, Y Res Inst Marine Boiler & Turbines Wuxi 214151 Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819429155

This paper presents an algorithm for segmentation of textured images. The algorithm uses an unsupervised neural network and K-means method to classify: image pixels based ori image local spatial-frequency information. The short-time Fourier transform employs large size window function to extract more neighborhood information. The problems of introducing large size windows in classifying larger transient regions are also investigated. High segmentation resolution is obtained by an novel image extrapolation approach and a re-classification procedure for transient areas.

关键词： Image segmentation Fourier transforms Image processing algorithms and systems Image processing Neural networks Image classification Evolutionary algorithms Statistical analysis detection and tracking algorithms Visual system

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detection of 60° phase defects on alternating PSMs

Detection of 60° phase defects on alternating PSMs

引用

Conference on Photomask and X-Ray Mask Technology V

作者： Spence, C Emery, D Zurbrick, L Prakash, D Chang, X Khanna, S Leback, B Tsujimoto, E Hughes, G Yang, B Adv Micro Devices Inc Sunnyvale CA 94088 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428647

In this paper we present results of an algorithm that has been developed which is sensitive to phase defects of 60 degrees on i-line alternating PSMs. This algorithm consists of microcode and software, which can be loaded into existing inspection hardware. The algorithm works in die-to-die inspection mode and uses both transmitted and reflected light images to maximize sensitivity. Isolated phase defects as well as phase defects close to chrome edges were inspected. In addition, the algorithm is able to detect missing and misaligned shifter edges. A programmed phase defect test plate was developed to characterize defect detection sensitivity. detection of 60 degrees defects smaller than 0.75 mu m has been demonstrated with this algorithm. Defect sensitivity characterization and actual production plate defect results are shown. Finally, recent results showing the application of the algorithm to the inspection of Deep-UV multiphase reticles using a shorter (364nm) inspection wavelength are presented.

关键词： Inspection Reticles Photomasks Deep ultraviolet detection and tracking algorithms Algorithm development Defect detection Etching Phase shifts Semiconducting wafers

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Multiscale edge analysis of halftoned images. 3

Multiscale edge analysis of halftoned images.

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Conference on Human Vision & Electronic Imaging

作者： Veryovka, O Fournier, A Buchanan, J Univ Alberta Dept Comp Sci Edmonton AB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)081942739X

A number of techniques for halftoning gray scale images have been proposed. Unfortunately a reliable methodology of comparing results still has to be developed. Our work is focused on analysis of edge information in halftoned images. In particular we are interested in the preservation of the original image edges and the appearance of edge artifacts created by the halftoning process. Our approach is a multiscale analysis based on a wavelet transform. The wavelet smoothing function is approximately a derivative of a Gaussian function. Image edges are found by identifying extrema points of the wavelet transform. The edge points of the same scale are connected into contours. Edge contours are linked into a pyramid structure across multiple scales. Evolution of wavelet maxima in this pyramid allows us to classify discontinuities in the image and to measure their significance. We studied performance of popular halftoning methods on images with various types of edges. Multiscale edge structures are identified in original gray scale and halftoned images. Corresponding values of the wavelet transform are compared. Our experiments show that proposed methodology can be used to measure fidelity of edge reproduction by the halftoning process. Also, various contouring artifacts can be reliably identified.

关键词： Wavelet transforms Wavelets Edge detection Visualization Analytical research Image analysis Image segmentation Image processing algorithms and systems Image quality detection and tracking algorithms

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Signal to clutter measurement and ATR performance

Signal to clutter measurement and ATR performance

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VIII

作者： Sims, SRF USA Aviat & Missile Command Missile Res Dev & Eng Ctr IPMGRDAMSAM Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428205

Many different ATR algorithms have had their performance quantified for more than twenty years. These algorithms have been tested on data sets with significantly varying difficulty, however, the quantification of the data set difficulty has previously only been coarsely partitioned based on target operational state and the meteorological environment. Also, this has typically been done without mention of the correlation between the training and test set. In this paper we show the quantification of the signal to clutter measure (SCM) versus ATR performance, specifically the typical probabilities of detection (P_d), recognition (P_r) and false alarm rates directly. This SCM provides a basis for knowing what these performance statistics actually mean, since a 'good' or 'bad' set of performance numbers taken without quantified knowledge of the difficulty level of the data generally does not reflect the limitations or capabilities of the ATR algorithm(s) or provide an especially relevant basis for comparison.

关键词： Automatic target recognition Particle filters detection and tracking algorithms Target detection Target recognition Image filtering Signal detection Algorithm development Meteorology Missiles

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Scientific capabilities of SIFTER for discovering and monitoring gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclei

Scientific capabilities of SIFTER for discovering and monito...

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Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Applications

作者： Pendleton, GN Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Richardson, GA Buckley, J Israel, MH Rielage, K Fishman, GJ Parnell, TA Christl, MJ Wilson, RB Koshut, T Univ Alabama Huntsville AL 35899 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429015

An exciting possibility for the GLAST main instrument is a scintillating fiber system where the properties of both a tracker and a calorimeter are combined in one type of detector module. This instrument provides all the detector capabilities required to achieve the science goals of the GLAST mission, at a substantially reduced cost compared to the baseline technology, and with the benefit of increased effective area and superior low energy angular resolution.

关键词： Sensors Particles detection and tracking algorithms Spatial resolution Algorithm development Electrons Reconstruction algorithms Gamma radiation Monte Carlo methods Space operations

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