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检索条件"主题词=Detection and tracking algorithms"

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Time-frequency based ISAR image formation technique

Time-frequency based ISAR image formation technique

引用

Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IV

作者： Chen, VC Naval Research Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424854

Conventional radar range-Doppler imaging uses the Fourier transform to retrieve Doppler information. Due to a target`s complex motion. the Doppler frequency shifts are actually time-varying. By using the Fourier transform. the Doppler spectrum becomes smeared and the image becomes bluured. In this paper, we propose a time-frequency based ISAR image formation technique to replace the Fourier based ISAR image formation for resolving image blurring problem without resorting to sophisticated motion compensation algorithms. Some high resolution time-frequency transforms are discussed and examples of applying the time-frequency based image formation to simulated ISAR data are given.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Doppler effect Fourier transforms Transform theory Radar Image acquisition Image processing detection and tracking algorithms Image resolution Image restoration

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Signal estimation in Bayesian field tracking

Signal estimation in Bayesian field tracking

引用

10th Meeting on Optical Engineering in Israel

作者： Lindgren, RG Petersen, R Arete Associates (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081942532X

Bayesian field tracking, in which a posterior target distribution is developed over the entire position-velocity state space, is a track-before-detect approach with a demonstrated capability to track at SNR levels below those for which the usual Kalman-based tracker is functional. Development of the Bayesian posterior probabilities is recursive and is driven by likelihood fields evaluated from successive measurement observations. Previous Bayesian field tracker applications have constructed likelihood fields assuming a prior signal amplitude distribution that has remained unchanged throughout processing. In this paper we combine a I-D Kalman filter with the diffusive projection of the Bayesian field tracker to estimate an amplitude distribution at each point of the state-space field. Results show that this approach can provide likelihood growth approaching that for a known signal amplitude.

关键词： Signal processing Electronic filtering Signal detection Signal to noise ratio Interference (communication) Target detection Signal attenuation Solids Absorption detection and tracking algorithms

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Classification of false positive findings on computer aided detection of breast microcalcifications

引用

Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing

作者： Freedman, M Lo, SCB Artz, DS Lau, I Mun, SK GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR DEPT RADIOL ISIS CTR WASHINGTON DC 20007 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819424455

False positive detections of microcalcifications by computer aided diagnosis (CADx) systems are a distraction to the radiologist and raise questions as to the eventual clinical utility of computer aided diagnosis systems. We have carefully analyzed the mammographic findings that appear in the locations of CADx detections and have counted and classified them.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis and therapy Mammography detection and tracking algorithms Breast Computing systems Image analysis Image quality Neural networks Software

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Use of time-dependent contrast functions to discriminate between the scattering and absorption properties of abnormal regions hidden within a tissue-like phantom

引用

Conference on Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue - Theory, Instrumentation, Model, and Human Studies II

作者： Gandjbakhche, AH Chernomordik, V Bonner, RF Hebden, JC Nossal, R National Institutes of Health (Israel) National Institutes of Health (United States) Univ. College London (United Kingdom)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423904

The success of time-resolved imaging of an abnormal site embedded in thick tissue may rely on one's ability to quantify the absorption coefficient of the target as a specific spectroscopic signature. This task is particularly complicated when the scattering properties of the target differ from those of the surrounding tissue. Using data obtained from time-resolved transillumination experiments of abnormally absorbing and differentially scattering objects embedded in a tissue-like phantom, we show how a new deconvolution algorithm enables us to quantify the optical properties of the target. The algorithm is based on a photon random walk theory that expresses different time-dependent point spread functions to calculate the diffusive and absorptive contrasts obtained in time-of-flight measurements.

关键词： Scattering Tissue optics Absorption Optical properties Tissues detection and tracking algorithms Sodium Reconstruction algorithms Sensors Point spread functions

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Automated military unit identification in battlefield simulation

Automated military unit identification in battlefield simula...

引用

Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII

作者： Stroud, PD Gordon, RC Los Alamos National Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424846

It is the nature of complex systems, composed of many interacting elements, that unanticipated phenomena develop. Computer simulation, in which the elements of a complex system are implemented as interacting software objects (actors), is an effective tool to study collective and emergent phenomena in complex systems. A new cognitive architecture is described for constructing simulation actors that can, like the intelligent elements they represent, adapt to unanticipated conditions. This cognitive architecture generates trial behaviors, estimates their fitness using an internal representation of the system, and has an internal apparatus for evolving a population of trial behaviors to changing environmental conditions. A specific simulation actor is developed to evaluate surveillance radar images of moving vehicles on battlefields. The vehicle cluster location, characterization and discrimination processes currently performed by intelligent human operators were implemented into a parameterized formation recognition process by using a newly developed family of 2D cluster filters. The mechanics of these cluster filters are described. Preliminary results are presented in which this GSM actor demonstrates the ability not only to recognize military formations under prescribed conditions, but to adapt its behavior to unanticipated conditions that develop in the complex simulated battlefield system.

关键词： Global system for mobile communications Complex systems Filtering (signal processing) Gaussian filters Computer simulations Computer architecture Visibility Radar detection and tracking algorithms Sensors

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Using genetic algorithms to search for optimal projections

Using genetic algorithms to search for optimal projections

引用

Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII

作者： Wallet, BC Marchette, DJ Solka, JL Naval Surface Warfare Ctr. and George Mason Univ. (United States) Naval Surface Warfare Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424846

Difficulties in performing density estimation in high dimensional space require dimensionality reduction in many automatic target recognition applications. This paper presents a method using a genetic algorithm to determine projections which are near optimal according to an arbitrary criteria function. An example is presented which optimizes a discriminant criteria in the use of a quadratic classifier to detect regions of interest for locating SCUD missiles in an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Distance measurement Unmanned aerial vehicles Image filtering Missiles Statistical analysis Warfare Automatic target recognition detection and tracking algorithms Infrared imaging

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Hot starts for track maintenance in multisensor-multitarget tracking

Hot starts for track maintenance in multisensor-multitarget ...

引用

Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1997

作者： Poore, AB Colorado State Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819425850

Large classes of data association problems in multiple hypothesis tracking applications involving multiple and single sensor systems can be formulated as multidimensional assignment problems, which are then fundamental in both track initiation and maintenance. In particular, track maintenance uses an N-frame moving window over the scans of data from multiple sensors giving rise to the repeated solution of (N + 1)-dimensional assignment problems. Due to the complexity of these NP-hard problems and the fact that one must solve these problems to the noise level in the problem, it is most advantageous to take advantage of a previously solved problem over a previous window. This work explores this issue in track maintenance.

关键词： Sensors Computer programming Algorithm development detection and tracking algorithms Surveillance Data fusion Mathematics Patents Scientific research Surveillance systems

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In situ photoluminescence mapping of industrial IR-sensitive film structures

In situ photoluminescence mapping of industrial IR-sensitive...

引用

Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing II

作者： Stafeev, S Kosyakov, M St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics (Russia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424021

The purpose of the work is to investigate a photoluminescence of GaAs-photocathodes at various stages of manufacturing depending on illumination method and spectral range of radiation, but also to obtain 2-dimensional spatial distributions of a photoluminescence intensity, to compare them with reference and to detect features of indicated distributions. Besides with the purpose of detection and extraction such typical defects as internal cracks, pile-up of dislocations and swirl-defects some algorithms of the obtained images processing were developed and tentatively tested.

关键词： Luminescence Optical filters Algorithm development CCD cameras Gallium arsenide Image processing Lamps detection and tracking algorithms Electronic filtering Visible radiation

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Target and background measurements over land and sea with a polarimetric 35/94 GHz synthetic aperture radar

Target and background measurements over land and sea with a ...

引用

Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III

作者： Boehmsdorff, S Essen, H FGAN e.V.-Forschungsinstitut fuer Hochfrequenzphysik (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424773

To detect and identify targets in their natural environment, millimeterwave sensors are appropriate tools for a variety of civilian and military applications. To generate high resolution images the synthetic aperture approach is the favourite method also for the millimeterwave bands. These wavelengths allow some simplifications in the algorithms to be applied, namely the image distortions due to range migration and depth of focus can be neglected. The short aperture time which is reduced by the factor of the wavelength for an equal cross range resolution, leads to a much lesser influence of flight instabilities of the airborne platform, than have to be taken into account for classical microwave SAR. It is also remarkable that the amount of speckle is considerably reduced for the higher millimeterwave-bands which allows single-look processing. The polarimetric, high resolution experimental radar MEMPHIS (Millimeterwave Experimental Multifrequency Polarimetric High Resolution Imaging System) with simultaneous operating front-ends at 35 GHz and 94 GHz has been installed onboard a cargo aircraft in side looking configuration. Different scenes over land and sea were passed with this system and the data were processed by means of a SAR algorithm. The paper describes the system configuration and the SAR processing algorithm, gives representative results for the generated radar images and compares the results at 35 and 94 GHz.

关键词： Radar Synthetic aperture radar Image resolution Polarimetry detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Target detection Backscatter Oscillators Receivers

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New, efficient Fourier-reconstruction method for approximate image reconstruction in spiral cone-beam CT at small cone angles

New, efficient Fourier-reconstruction method for approximate...

引用

Conference on the Physics of Medical Imaging, at the SPIE Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium

作者： Schaller, S Flohr, T Steffen, P Siemens AG (Germany) Univ. Erlangen-Nuernberg (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424439

We present an approximate algorithm for image reconstruction in spiral cone-beam CT at small cone-angles. The first step of the algorithm is a rebinning from fanbeam to parallel beam projections, that is performed independently for each detector row. The result of this rebinning procedure is a set of parallel views, where all rays are tilted against the z-axis by their cone angle and the rays within each view have different z-positions. After that, as with most of the approximate algorithms, the basic idea is to let each oblique ray contribute to the image with a weight that depends on its distance to the image plane. Because the distance of a ray to the image plane changes along the ray, so does its weight. This is the one important difference compared to standard 2D reconstruction procedures. However, for small cone angles, the variation of the weight along a ray is rather smooth, so that we can synthesize it as a Fourier series using only few Fourier coefficients. In standard 2D image reconstruction, we can build the 2D Fourier spectrum of the image on a polar grid from the Fourier transforms of the views, where each view contributes to a radial line only, because the weights are constant along the rays. In our algorithm, the weights change along the rays. This variation is modeled as a Fourier series with 2N(mu) + 1 coefficients. Hence, the views contribute riot only to one but to 2N(mu) + 1 lines in the 2D Fourier space of the image. For a given pitch (z-table movement per full rotation normalized to the slicewidth of a single detector row), the Fourier coefficients that take into account the variations of the weights are precalculated before the reconstruction and stored in a table. From the generated 2D image spectrum, we calculate the final image using a gridding technique to convert the sampling grid to cartesian and finally doing a 2D IFFT. We have evaluated our method using simulated test data for various test cases assuming sampling conditions and image

关键词： Sensors Reconstruction algorithms detection and tracking algorithms Computed tomography Image restoration Scanners Fourier transforms Image quality Signal attenuation Image quality standards

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