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Evaluation of Wildland Fire detection methods Using Expert Input

FIRE TECHNOLOGY 2025年 1-23页

作者： Bjorck, Johan Mcnamee, Margaret Lund Univ LTH Fire Safety Engn Box 118 S-22100 Lund Sweden WSP Sverige AB Dragarbrunnsgatan 41 S-75320 Uppsala Sweden

Recently the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released their 6th Assessment reports which confirm that the impact of climate change is visible, e.g. through an increased weather volatility leading both to hotter drier weather and increased flooding in some regions globally. One clear example of this is the increased prevalence of wildfires in recent years and increasing wildfire potential in the future in some regions. Sweden is in the northern most part of Europe and has the highest forest density in the European Union. In total, nearly 17 percent of all forests in Europe are located in Sweden. Even in a global sense, Sweden has extensive forestry, and provides 10 percent of the sawn timber, pulp and paper that is traded on the global market. Given these preconditions, in 2020 the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) identified the need to investigate the conditions for current and possible future detection methods for wildfires in Sweden. An overview of common current methods was made and review of these methods was conducted through interviews with national experts. The expert evaluation indicated an opportunity to build wildfire detection in Sweden based on weather radar, radar/satellite combinations, and/or airborne radar. The development of such detection systems could repurpose existing infrastructure and reduce the overall investment needs, implying that Sweden could adopt such methods rapidly provided there is sufficient political will. The methodology shows the advantage of using expert input to identify appropriate technical measures for further research investments given limited resources.

关键词： Wildfire Forest fire detection methods Remote sensing

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A Survey of Ransomware detection methods

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 57943-57982页

作者： Alzahrani, Saleh Xiao, Yang Asiri, Sultan Zheng, Jianying Li, Tieshan Univ Alabama Dept Comp Sci Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA King Khalid Univ Appl Coll Dept Comp Sci Muhayil 61913 Saudi Arabia King Khalid Univ Ctr Artificial Intelligence CAI Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia Suzhou City Univ Sch Intelligent Mfg & Smart Transportat Suzhou 215104 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Automat Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China

Ransomware attacks continue to pose a significant challenge to cybersecurity, causing substantial financial and reputational damage to individuals and organizations. These attacks typically encrypt user data and demand a ransom for its release. There is a growing need for more effective and dynamic detection methods, especially for zero-day and unknown ransomware variants. This survey focuses on ransomware-detecting methods published from 2019 to 2025. One hundred thirty-five papers were reviewed and filtered based on their scope and publication venue. For in-depth analysis, this survey selected 45 papers focusing on ransomware detection for Windows or Android operating systems. This paper aims to comprehensively review existing ransomware detection methods, focusing on their effectiveness, limitations, and applicability. The detection methods are categorized into machine-learning-based and non-machine-learning-based methods, discussing the advantages and drawbacks of each. The paper also highlights ransomware-as-a-service, explaining what it is, how it works, and how it affects the increasing number of ransomware attacks in recent years. It also studies the datasets used in the reviewed literature, listing their structures and limitations. This survey identifies gaps in current research and suggests future directions for developing more robust ransomware detection systems.

关键词： Ransomware Surveys Operating systems Electronic mail Support vector machines Internet of Things Hidden Markov models Focusing Reviews Prevention and mitigation detection methods static analysis dynamic analysis machine learning

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Advances in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus research: genome, epidemiology, vaccines, and detection methods

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DISCOVER NANO 2025年第1期20卷 1-34页

作者： Zhuang, Linlin Zhao, Ying Shen, Jingyi Sun, Li Hao, Pan Yang, Jianbo Zhang, Yu Shen, Qiuping Jiangsu Vocat Coll Agr & Forestry Sch Anim Husb & Vet Med Jurong 212400 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Jiangsu Key Lab Biomat & Devices Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn State Key Lab Digital Med EngnMinist Educ Nanjing 211102 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Zhongda Hosp Basic Med Res & Innovat Ctr Minist Educ Nanjing 211102 Peoples R China Jinling Inst Technol Sch Anim Sci & Food Engn Nanjing 210038 Peoples R China

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious intestinal disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The economic impact of PEDV on the global pig industry has been significant, resulting in considerable losses. This paper presents a review of the latest research progress on PEDV genome, molecular epidemiology, vaccine development, and molecular detection methods. It was determined that the genetic diversity of the PEDV spike (S) gene was closely associated with the epidemiological trend of PEDV. The prevalence of S gene variants of different genotypes exhibited variability across regions and pig populations. Epidemiological analyses have demonstrated that PEDV can be transmitted via multiple routes, including direct contact, airborne aerosol, and water source contamination. With regard to vaccine research, the available vaccines can be classified into several categories, including live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, bacterial vector vaccines, viral vector vaccines, mRNA vaccines, etc. Each of these has distinctive characteristics in terms of immunogenicity, protection efficiency, and safety. Molecular detection methods, including PCR-based methods, isothermal amplification techniques, immunological assays, and biosensors, play an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of PEDV. Furthermore, this paper examines the current developments in PEDV research and identifies the key areas of future investigation. The objective of this paper is to establish a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control strategies of PED, and to provide a point of reference for further research on the genomics, epidemiology, vaccine development and detection methods of PEDV.

关键词： Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Epidemiology Vaccines detection methods

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CTCs detection methods In Vivo and In Vitro and Their Application in Tumor Immunotherapy

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JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2025年第0期 2025 Jan 29页

作者： Sui, Xiujie Ji, Jiahao Zhang, Hongyi Yantaishan Hosp Dept Radiotherapy Yantai Shandong Peoples R China Soochow Univ Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hosp Dept Burns & Plast Surg Suzhou Peoples R China Tongji Univ Shanghai East Hosp Sch Med Dept Plast Surg Shanghai Peoples R China

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that detach from the primary tumor site and enter the bloodstream. They hold significant value for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors. CTC detection methods can be classified into in vivo and in vitro techniques. Compared to traditional tumor detection methods, CTC detection causes less harm to the body and allows for earlier identification of malignant tumors, thereby enabling timely treatment and improving patient survival rates. In recent years, CTC detection has been widely used to assess the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy. Dynamic monitoring of CTCs can help optimize clinical treatment strategies. This review summarizes the latest in vivo and in vitro detection methods for CTCs and discusses their applications in immunotherapy for various common tumors, aiming to provide better guidance and support for clinical practice.

关键词： CTC detection methods tumor tumor immunotherapy tumor therapy

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Comprehensive review of enzymes (protease, lipase) in milk: Impact on storage quality, detection methods, and control strategies

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COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY 2025年第3期24卷 e70164页

作者： Khan, Mati Ullah Yu, Pengfei Wu, Yuyin Chen, Zhiwei Kong, Ling Farid, Anum Cui, Jiaqi Yang, Jun Shandong Univ Technol Sch Agr Engn & Food Sci Zibo 255049 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Technol Sch Life Sci & Med Zibo 255049 Peoples R China Shandong Prov Innovat Ctr Dairy Technol Zibo Peoples R China Shandong Engn Res Ctr Food Rapid Anal Technol Zibo Peoples R China

Enzymes play a crucial role in determining the storage quality of milk by influencing various biochemical processes. Among these enzymes, proteases and lipases are of particular significance due to their impact on flavor, texture, and shelf-life stability. This study offers a thorough examination of proteases and lipases in milk, focusing on their enzymatic activities and mechanisms of action during storage. The present review addresses the techniques for monitoring enzyme activity, including fluorescence-based assays, spectrophotometry, fluorometry, mass spectrometry, biosensors, ELISA, polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing, emphasizing their sensitivity and applicability in quality control. Furthermore, various strategies for controlling enzyme activity in milk are examined, encompassing both thermal and non-thermal treatments, pH modulation, and the use of enzyme inhibitors. Additionally, the review explores the regulatory frameworks governing enzyme activity in dairy products to ensure compliance with safety and quality standards. A thorough understanding of the dynamics of proteases and lipases in dairy products is crucial for optimizing storage conditions, ensuring product quality, and meeting consumer demands for purity and nutritional integrity.

关键词： control strategies detection methods lipases proteases storage quality

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detection methods and Research Progress of Human Serum Albumin

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CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022年第1期52卷 72-92页

作者： Xu, Jian-Fei Yang, Yu-Shun Jiang, Ai-Qin Zhu, Hai-Liang Nanjing Univ Sch Life Sci State Key Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a biological macromolecule with important physiological functions;abnormal HSA levels are associated with coronary heart disease, multiple myeloma, diabetes, nephropathy, neurometabolic disorders, liver cirrhosis and other diseases. Therefore, accurate and quantitative detection of HAS have extremely important research and application value in biological science, molecular biology, clinical medicine and other fields. As for the detection method of HSA, dye-binding method and immune method are the first to be used, and have been applied in clinical detection. In recent years, many new detection technologies have emerged, such as fluorescent probe detection method, nano-materials for HSA detection, biosensor and so on. Although there are many methods developed recently to detect HSA, comprehensive reviews for HSA detection methods are still rare. Thus, writing this review to fill in the blank is in need. In order to highlight the recent progress in the field of HSA detection, in this review, the methods used to detect HSA are summarized and sorted, the advantages and disadvantages of these detection methods are also listed, then the research progress of small molecular fluorescence probe method is emphatically introduced in this paper. Then, we briefly discussed the challenges and future development directions in this field.

关键词： Biosensor binding site detection methods fluorescent probe human serum albumin

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detection methods for Foodborne Viruses: Current State-of-Art and Future Perspectives

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023年第8期71卷 3551-3563页

作者： Yin, Lijuan Li, Yaru Zhang, Wenlu Han, Xiao Wu, Qiankun Xie, Yanyan Fan, Jingjing Ma, Long Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol Coll Biotechnol Natl & Local United Engn Lab Metab Control Ferment State Key Lab Food Nutr & SafetyKey Lab Ind Micro Tianjin 300457 Peoples R China Beijing Kwinbon Biotechnol Co Ltd Beijing 102200 Peoples R China Acad Natl Food & Strateg Reserv Adm Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

Foodborne viruses have been recognized as important threats to food safety and human health. Rapid and accurate detection is one of the most crucial measures for food safety control. With the development of biology, chemistry, nanoscience, and related interdisciplines, detection strategies have been devised and advanced continuously. This review mainly focuses on the progress of detection methods for foodborne viruses. The current detection methods for foodborne viruses are summarized, including traditional electron microscopy and cultural isolation, immunoassay, molecular technology, biosensors, and newly emerging CRISPR/Cas-based detection technology. Furthermore, a comparison of the detection methods was objectively discussed. This review provides a comprehensive account of foodborne virus detection methods from fundamentals to state-of-the-art and illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of the current methods and proposes the future trends and directions for foodborne virus detection. It is hoped that this review can update current knowledge and present blueprints in order to accelerate futuristic development.

关键词： Foodborne viruses detection methods Food safety CRISPR Cas Biosensors Future perspectives

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detection methods in Smart Meters for Electricity Thefts: A Survey

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2022年第2期110卷 273-319页

作者： Xia, Xiaofang Xiao, Yang Liang, Wei Cui, Jiangtao Xidian Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xian 710071 Peoples R China Univ Alabama Dept Comp Sci Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Chinese Acad Sci Shenyang Inst Automat State Key Lab Robot Shenyang 110016 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shenyang Inst Automat Key Lab Networked Control Syst Shenyang 110016 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Robot Shenyang 110169 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Intelligent Mfg Shenyang 110169 Peoples R China

For accommodating rapidly increasing power demands, power systems are transitioning from analog systems to systems with increasing digital control and communications. Although this modernization brings many far-reaching benefits, the hardware and software newly incorporated into the power systems also incur many vulnerabilities. By taking advantage of these vulnerabilities, adversaries can launch various cyber/physical attacks to tamper with electricity meter readings, i.e., to steal electricity. It is reported that total worldwide annual economic losses caused by electricity theft reached up to almost one hundred billion dollars in recent years. With methods to tamper with meter readings becoming more versatile, secret, and flexible, electricity theft tends to get even more serious in modernized power systems. For preventing adversaries from stealing electricity, researchers have done a lot of works. Although some related surveys on these works exist, they are not updated or just discuss electricity theft in a specific region. This survey aims to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the electricity theft issue. After investigating how adversaries tamper with meter readings, we systematically survey all existing detection methods up to date, which is classified into machine learning- and measurement mismatch-based methods. Adverse effects and political and socioeconomic factors of electricity theft are also provided. This survey can help relevant researchers to shape future research directions, especially in the area of developing new effective electricity theft detection methods.

关键词： Power systems Companies Meters Smart grids Meter reading Electric variables measurement Distribution networks Binary trees cyber-physical systems detection methods electricity theft Internet of Things (IoT) machine learning measurement mismatch security smart grid smart meters

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detection methods of extravascular lung water and application in critical illness: a narrative review

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TOXIN REVIEWS 2016年第3-4期35卷 152-156页

作者： Wang Wenjie Lu Houqing Sun Gengyun Anhui Med Univ Tongling Clin Coll Dept ICU Tongling Anhui Peoples R China Med Univ Anhui Dept Resp Med Affiliated Hosp 1 Hefei Anhui Peoples R China

Purpose: To provide a conceptual and clinical review of Monitoring of Extravascular lung water (EVLW). methods and results: Peer-reviewed articles were identified through searches of PubMed using the terms Extravascular lung water. The reference lists of these articles and relevant review were also reviewed. Final references were selected for inclusion in the review on the basis of their relevance. Conclusion: Monitoring of EVLW is the most direct and quantitative indicator of the degree of response to pulmonary edema. There are currently two alternatives for detecting EVLW, invasive and noninvasive methods. Any reduction in EVLW can reduce the time spent in ICU. EVLW should be monitored to aid diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the patients with severe disease.

关键词： Extravascular lung water detection methods application critical illness review

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A Systematic Review of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Livestock Feed and detection methods in Ethiopia

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Veterinary medicine and science 2025年第3期11卷 e70405页

作者： Sisay Weldegebriel Zeweld Enquebaher Kassaye Tarekegn Meressa Abraha Welearegay Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Mekelle University College of Veterinary Sciences Mekelle Ethiopia. Department of Chemistry Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences Mekelle Ethiopia.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in Ethiopian livestock feed poses significant risks to both animal and human health due to poor hygiene and inadequate storage practices. This study focuses on specific cereal grains, such as maize and groundnuts, which are commonly used in livestock feed but have been underexplored in terms of their role in AFB1 contamination, especially under local farming and storage conditions. A literature search was conducted from June 2024 to November 2024, utilizing databases like Google Scholar and African Journals Online. Articles were screened on the basis of titles and abstracts, with duplicates removed using EndNote. Only English-language publications from 2000 onwards were included. Quality assessment adhered to Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) and Cochrane guidelines, and statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Non-English studies were excluded to focus on accessible research for Ethiopian stakeholders, ensuring the relevance of findings. Out of 96 retrieved works, 79 remained after eliminating duplicates and pre-2000 studies. After screening, 30 full-text articles were assessed, resulting in 16 exclusions. Ultimately, 14 studies, primarily cross-sectional, qualified for review. AFB1 contamination levels varied widely, from 2.4% to 100%, across different regions in Ethiopia. This study underscores the urgent need for robust monitoring and interventions to combat AFB1 contamination in Ethiopian livestock feed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis revealed significant differences in contamination levels based on detection methods, highlighting the need for standardized approaches to ensure consistency in reported findings. This study underscores the urgent need for robust monitoring and interventions to combat AFB1 contamination in Ethiopian livestock feed. Standardized detection methods and aligning Ethiopia's regulations with international standards like Codex Alimenta

关键词： Ethiopia aflatoxin B1 contamination detection methods livestock feed systematic review

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