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Advances in detection methods for viable Salmonella spp.: current applications and challenges

ANALYTICAL SCIENCES 2023年第10期39卷 1643-1660页

作者： Zhuang, Linlin Gong, Jiansen Shen, Qiuping Yang, Jianbo Song, Chunlei Liu, Qingxin Zhao, Bin Zhang, Yu Zhu, Mengling Jiangsu Vocat Coll Agr & Forestry Sch Anim Husb & Vet Med Jurong 212400 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Jiangsu Key Lab Biomat & Devices Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn State Key Lab Digital Med Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Suzhou Nano Sci & Technol Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Poultry Inst Yangzhou 225125 Peoples R China

Salmonella is a common intestinal pathogen that can cause food poisoning and intestinal disease. The high prevalence of Salmonella necessitates efficient and sensitive methods for its identification, detection, and monitoring, especially of viable Salmonella. Conventional culture methods need to be more laborious and time-consuming. And they are relatively limited in their ability to detect Salmonella in the viable but non-culturable status if present in the sample to be tested. As a result, there is an increasing need for rapid and accurate techniques to detect viable Salmonella spp. This paper reviewed the status and progress of various methods reported in recent years that can be used to detect viable Salmonella, such as culture-based methods, molecular methods targeting RNAs and DNAs, phage-based methods, biosensors, and some techniques that have the potential for future application. This review can provide researchers with a reference for additional method options and help facilitate the development of rapid and accurate assays. In the future, viable Salmonella detection approaches will become more stable, sensitive, and fast and are expected to play a more significant role in food safety and public health.

关键词： Viable Salmonella detection methods Culture-based methods Nucleic acid detection Phage-based methods Biosensors

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A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURE detection methods BASED ON COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LIMITATIONS

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BULLETIN OF THE AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY 2023年第1期107卷 173-174页

作者： Badza, Aleksandar Univ Adelaide Sch Math Sci Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

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关键词： ergodic theory invariant measures dynamical systems Lagrangian coherent structures detection methods Lyapunov exponent

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A Survey of Security Vulnerabilities and detection methods for Smart Contracts 13th

A Survey of Security Vulnerabilities and Detection Methods f...

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13th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Networks (CENet)

作者： Zhang, Jingqi Zhang, Xin Liu, Zhaojun Fu, Fa Nie, Jianyu Huang, Jianqiang Dreibholz, Thomas Hainan Univ Haikou Hainan Peoples R China Int Business Beijing Foreign Studies Univ Beijing Peoples R China China Telecom Corp Ltd Hainan Branch Haikou Hainan Peoples R China Simula Metropolitan Ctr Digital Engn Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9789819992492;9789819992478;9789819992461

At present, smart contracts cannot guarantee absolute security, and they have exposed many security issues and caused incalculable losses. Due to the existence of these security vulnerabilities, researchers have designed many detection and classification tools to identify and discover them. In this article, we present a classification of smart contract security vulnerabilities based on a large number of detailed articles. Then, we introduce the latest smart contract vulnerability detection methods, summarize the process model of detection tools based on artificial intelligence methods, and compare and analyze various detection tools. Finally, we provide an outlook on future research directions based on the current status of smart contract security.

关键词： Blockchain Smart contracts detection methods Security vulnerabilities

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Fungal flora and mycotoxin contamination in tea: Current status, detection methods and dietary risk assessment-A comprehensive review

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TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022年第0期127卷 207-220页

作者： Zhang, Xuanjun Zhang, Liang Zhou, Ting Zhou, Yu Anhui Agr Univ Sch Tea & Food Sci Technol State Key Lab Tea Plant Biol & Utilizat Hefei 230036 Peoples R China Anhui Agr Univ Sch Life Sci Hefei 230036 Peoples R China Agr & Agrifood Canada Guelph Res & Dev Ctr Guelph ON N1G 5C9 Canada

Background: Tea is welcomed by consumers worldwide for its unique flavor and multiple health-promoting components. However, there is still being challenge of tea regarding microbial contaminations during cultivating, processing, storage and transportation, and the risks of potential intake of mycotoxins from tea drinking. Scope and approach: Based on available publications, this review summarized the results, discussed the conclusions and provided prospects on the topic of fungal and mycotoxin contaminations in the commonly recognized six tea categories, i.e. green tea, white tea, yellow tea, oolong tea, black tea and dark tea. For the results of contaminations and risks differ significantly in different studies, the advantages and disadvantages of such detection techniques and risk assessment method were thoroughly compared and *** findings and conclusions: The fungal floras vary greatly among the different teas, and are the most abundance and complex in dark teas. Certain fungal species being reported as toxigenic fungi were isolated from teas but their capability to produce mycotoxins on teas needs to be confirmed. The mycotoxins detected from teas include aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and enniatins, but their occurrence and prevalence differ significantly in various tea categories and in different studies, especially being determined by different analytical methods. Dietary risks of mycotoxins from teas were low, but the sample sizes of teas and consumption data are very limited, and the cumulative risks should be assessed further using more appropriate methods based on large numbers of tea contamination data and dietary surveys.

关键词： Tea Mycotoxins Fungi detection methods LC-MS Risk assessment Diet exposure

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SARS-CoV-2 detection methods

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CHEMOSENSORS 2022年第6期10卷 221-221页

作者： Lino, Alexandra Cardoso, Marita A. Goncalves, Helena M. R. Martins-Lopes, Paula Univ Lisbon Biosyst & Integrat Sci Inst BioISI Fac Sci P-1649004 Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Engn Porto REQUIMTE P-4200072 Porto Portugal Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro UTAD DNA & RNA Sensing Lab P-5000901 Vila Real Portugal

A fast and highly specific detection of COVID-19 infections is essential in managing the virus dissemination networks. The most relevant technologies developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection, along with their advantages and limitations, will be presented and fully explored. Additionally, some of the newest and emerging COVID-19 diagnosis tools, such as biosensing platforms, will also be introduced. Considering the extreme relevance that all these technologies assume in pandemic control, it is of the utmost relevance to have an intrinsic knowledge of the parameters that need to be taken into consideration before choosing the most adequate test for a particular situation. Moreover, the new variants of the virus and their potential impact on the detection method's effectiveness will be discussed. In order to better manage the pandemic, it is essential to maintain continuous research into the SARS-CoV-2 genome and updated genomic surveillance at the global level. This will allow for timely detection of new mutations and viral variants, which may affect the performance of COVID-19 detection tests.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 detection methods diagnosis

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SARS-CoV-2 detection methods: A comprehensive review

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SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022年第11期29卷 103465页

作者： Alhamid, Galyah Tombuloglu, Huseyin Rabaan, Ali A. Al-Suhaimi, Ebtesam Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC Dept Genet Res POB 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal Univ Biotechnol Master Program Dammam Saudi Arabia Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Mol Diagnost Lab Dhahran Saudi Arabia Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Coll Sci Dept Biol Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia

The ongoing novel COVID-19 has remained the center of attention, since its declaration as a pandemic in March 2020, due to its rapid and uncontrollable worldwide spread. Diagnostic tests are the first line of defense against the transmission of this infectious disease among individuals, with reversetranscription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) being the approved gold standard for showing high sensitivity and specificity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, alternative tests are being invested due to the global demand for facilities, reagents, and healthcare workers needed for rapid population-based testing. Also, the rapid evolution of the viral genome and the emergence of new variants necessitates updating the existing methods. Scientists are aiming to improve tests to be affordable, simple, fast, and at the same time accurate, and efficient, as well as friendly user testing. The current diagnostic methods are either molecular-based that detect nucleic acids abundance, like RT-qPCR and reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP);or immunologically based that detect the presence of antigens or antibodies in patients' specimens, like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow assay (LFA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), and neutralization assay. In addition to these strategies, sensor-based or CRISPR applications are promising tools for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the most recent updates on the SARS-CoV-2 detection methods with their limitations. It will guide researchers, epidemiologists, and clinicians in identifying a more rapid, reliable, and sensitive method of diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 including the most recent variant of concern Omicron. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 detection methods RT-qPCR Specimens Serology Variants

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Current and emerging polymyxin resistance diagnostics: A systematic review of established and novel detection methods

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022年第1期132卷 8-30页

作者： Leshaba, Tumisho Mmatumelo Seipei Mbelle, Nontombi Marylucy Osei Sekyere, John Univ Pretoria Sch Med Dept Med Microbiol Fac Hlth Sci Pretoria South Africa

The emergence of polymyxin resistance, due to transferable mcr genes, threatens public and animal health as there are limited therapeutic options. As polymyxin is one of the last--line antibiotics, there is a need to contain the spread of its resistance to conserve its efficacy. Herein, we describe current and emerging polymyxin resistance diagnostics to inform faster clinical diagnostic choices. A literature search in diverse databases for studies published between 2016 and 2020 was performed. English articles evaluating colistin resistance methods/diagnostics were included. Screening resulted in the inclusion of 93 journal articles. Current colistin resistance diagnostics are either phenotypic or molecular. Broth microdilution is currently the only gold standard for determining colistin MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration). Phenotypic methods comprise of agar--based methods such as CHROMagarT Col--APSE, SuperPolymyxin, ChromID (R) Colistin R, LBJMR and LB medium;manual MIC--determiners viz., UMIC, MICRONAUT MIC--Strip and ComASP Colistin;automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems such as BD Phoenix, MICRONAUT--S, MicroScan, Sensititre and Vitek 2;MCR--detectors such as lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) and chelator--based assays including EDTA--and DPA-based tests, that is, combined disk test, modified colistin broth--disk elution (CBDE), Colispot, and Colistin MAC test as well as biochemical colorimetric tests, that is, Rapid Polymyxin NP test and Rapid ResaPolymyxin NP test. Molecular methods only characterize mobile colistin resistance;they include PCR, LAMP and whole--genome sequencing. Due to the faster turnaround time (=3 h), improved sensitivity (84%--100%) and specificity (93.3%--100%) of the Rapid ResaPolymyxin NP test and Fastinov (R), we recommend this test for initial screening of colistin--resistant isolates. This can be followed by CBDE with EDTA or the LFI as they both have 100% sensitivity and a specificity of =94.3% for the rapid scree

关键词： colistin colistin resistance detection methods diagnostics mcr polymyxins

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Research progress of N-nitrosamine detection methods: a review

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BIOANALYSIS 2022年第16期14卷 1123-1135页

作者： Liu, Yahui Guo, Xingzhou Wang, Zhijuan Zhang, Qing Ma, Qiang Lv, Qing Chinese Acad Inspect & Quarantine Inst Ind & Consumer Prod Safety Key Lab Consumer Prod Qual Safety Inspect & Risk Beijing 100176 Peoples R China

N-Nitrosamines (nitrosamines) are attracting increased attention because of their high toxicity and wide distribution. They have been strictly restricted by regulations in many fields. Researchers around the world have conducted substantial work on nitrosamine detection. This paper reviews the progress of research on nitrosamine detection methods with emphasis on biological-matrix samples. After introducing the category, toxicity, regulatory limit and source of nitrosamines, the paper discusses the most commonly used sample-preparation techniques and instrumental-detection techniques for nitrosamine detection, including some typical application cases.

关键词： biological-matrix detection methods nitrosamine research progress

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Analysis and Comparison of Deepfakes detection methods for Cross-Library Generalisation 20

Analysis and Comparison of Deepfakes Detection Methods for C...

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20th Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)

作者： Wang, Changjin Sharifzadeh, Hamid Varastehpour, Soheil Ardekani, Iman Unitec Inst Technol Sch Comp Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313871

The rise of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has made it increasingly possible to use Deepfakes technology to generate fake pictures and videos. While this technology has benefits, it also has downsides such as spreading misinformation and endangering public interests. To address this issue, researchers have proposed various deep forgery detection algorithms and have achieved remarkable results. However, a common problem regarding these detection methods is that while in-library detection can usually achieve high accuracy, their performance is significantly degraded in cross-library detection. This indicates a severe problem of insufficient generalisation ability. To better compare the performance differences between various detection methods, this paper analyses the detection performance of the six established models of Two-stream, MesoNet, HeadPose, FWA, VA, and Multi-task. To ensure consistency, we employ a uniform evaluation framework as a benchmark for comparison. We conduct extensive intra-library and cross-library tests to evaluate these methods' generalisation ability by utilising accuracy and error rate as key evaluation criteria for our experiments. Additionally, we further explore areas for improvement by analysing the impact of data augmentation, dataset partitioning, and threshold selection on the performance of these detection methods. Our comparative experiments are conducted on three existing fake face video datasets, including FaceForensics++, DeepfakeTIMIT, and Celeb-DF. Our research findings indicate the database partitioning method has a direct impact on the detector's performance, and to enhance generalisation performance, the database should be divided person-based manually. The effectiveness of data augmentation techniques in improving cross-library performance is generally limited, and setting the threshold directly using source domain data often leads to a high error rate in the target domain. The findings of this paper provide ins

关键词： Deepfakes detection methods Generalisation Cross-Library

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Effects of focusing geometries and detection methods on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of an aluminum target

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年 587卷

作者： Luo, Yifan Li, Nan Zhang, Jiaxu Zhao, Yangyang Song, Jiaojian Zheng, Yongqiu North Univ China Sch Instrument & Elect Taiyuan 030051 Peoples R China North Univ China State Key Lab Extreme Environm Optoelect Dynam Mea Taiyuan 030051 Peoples R China Donghai Lab Zhoushan 316021 Zhejiang Peoples R China

The effective breakdown and signal detection are the basis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) optical systems for elemental analysis. High-quality spectra can provide reliable data support for LIBS technology. In this work, the effects of focusing geometries and detection methods were investigated on LIBS analysis of an aluminum target at laser energies of 2, 10 and 20 mJ. Two focusing geometries were selected for comparison, namely focusing with a beam expander and focusing directly. The plasma signals were collected backward through a dichroic mirror. Two detection methods were employed, one to detect the plasma emission through transmission fibers at different angles and the other to couple the plasma emission directly into the entrance slit of the spectrometer. It is shown that focusing with a beam expander could increase the focusing angle and decrease the laser power density, leading to poor focusing quality, relatively weak signal intensity and signal-tonoise ratio (SNR). Focusing without a beam expander makes the ablation crater smaller and deeper, and leads to the enhancement of line intensity and SNR compared to focusing with a beam expander. In addition, detection by the entrance slit of the spectrometer directly can reflect the difference between the focusing geometries truthfully. The optical fiber endface offers a wide range of reception angles, enabling it to absorb more plasma emissions and reduce signal loss. Larger detection angles are typically preferred when detecting via optical fiber to achieve superior LIBS signals, which has been verified by plasma images. The present results suggest that focusing without a beam expander and detection by an optical fiber with a large angle make it easier to obtain high quality plasma signals when performing LIBS measurements on solid samples.

关键词： Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Laser-induced plasma Focusing geometries detection methods

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