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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第2期19卷 T02010页

作者： Wang, Xiaolong Li, Yuhui Dong, Lan Wang, Tong Liang, Jing Mab, Na Yao, Yibin Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Spallat Neutron Source Sci Ctr Dongguan 523803 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China

For CEPC such big size machine survey and alignment, several key issues need to be considered: the measurement and data processing method, error accumulation control, the global and relative accuracy, the measurement efficiency, component alignment method and the deformation problem. To these issues an overall survey and alignment scheme was made. The global datums will be established for the measurement and data reduction. A multi -level control network will be built for the global and relative position control, the establish method and measurement method are introduced and the accuracies are estimated. To the component alignment, the schemes of fiducialization, pre -alignment and tunnel alignment are introduced, the deformation problem was analysed and monitor equipment will be applied. To improve the measurement efficiency a new kind of instrument was designed, the prototype has been fabricated and some experiments has been carried out.

关键词： Accelerator Subsystems and Technologies detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers sources particle-beams)

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The ultimate performance of the Rasnik 3-point alignment system

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & methods IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS detectorS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2023年 1050卷

作者： Graaf, Harry van der Bertolini, Alessandro van Heijningen, Joris Bouwens, Bram Fortman, Nelson de Gaay Reep, Tom van der Otemann, Lennart Nikhef Sci Pk 105 Amsterdam Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Mekelweg 1 Delft Netherlands Catholic Univ Louvain Ctr Cosmol Particle Phys & Phenomenol CP3 Louvain La Neuve Belgium Amsterdam Sci Instruments Sci Pk 106 Amsterdam Netherlands AMOLF Sci Pk 104 Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Amsterdam Nieuwe Achtergracht 129 Amsterdam Netherlands Nikhef & TU Delft Delft Netherlands Nikhef Sci Pk 105 NL-1098 XG Amsterdam Netherlands

The Rasnik system is a 3-point optical displacement monitor with sub-nanometer precision. The CCD-Rasnik alignment system was developed in 1993 for monitoring the alignment of the muon chambers of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer at CERN. Since then, the development has continued as new CMOS imaging pixel chips became available. In this work the system processes and parameters that limit the precision are studied. We conclude that the spatial resolution of Rasnik is only limited by the quantum fluctuations of the photon flux arriving at the pixels of the image sensor. The results of two Rasnik systems are compared to results from & RADIC;simulations, which are in good agreement. The best spatial resolution obtained was 7 pm/ Hz. Finally, some applications of high-precision Rasnik systems are set out.

关键词： detector alignment and calibration methods Quantum fluctuations Shot noise Image processing Interferometry Length sensing and monitoring 2D displacement monitoring Seismic sensors Detection of gravitational waves

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LHCb detector performance

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A 2015年第7期30卷

作者： Aaij, R. Adeva, B. Adinolfi, M. Affolder, A. Ajaltouni, Z. Akar, S. Albrecht, J. Alessio, F. Alexander, M. Ali, S. Alkhazov, G. Alvarez Cartelle, P. Alves, A. A., Jr. Amato, S. Amerio, S. Amhis, Y. An, L. Anderlini, L. Anderson, J. Andreassen, R. Andreotti, M. Andrews, J. E. Appleby, R. B. Gutierrez, O. Aquines Archilli, F. Artamonov, A. Artuso, M. Aslanides, E. Auriemma, G. Baalouch, M. Bachmann, S. Back, J. J. Badalov, A. Baesso, C. Baldini, W. Barlow, R. J. Barschel, C. Barsuk, S. Barter, W. Batozskaya, V. Battista, V. Bay, A. Beaucourt, L. Beddow, J. Bedeschi, F. Bediaga, I. Belogurov, S. Belous, K. Belyaev, I. Ben-Haim, E. Bencivenni, G. Benson, S. Benton, J. Berezhnoy, A. Bernet, R. Bettler, M. -O. van Beuzekom, M. Bien, A. Bifani, S. Bird, T. Bizzeti, A. Bjornstad, P. M. Blake, T. Blanc, F. Blouw, J. Blusk, S. Bocci, V. Bondar, A. Bondar, N. Bonivento, W. Borghi, S. Borgia, A. Borsato, M. Bowcock, T. J. V. Bowen, E. Bozzi, C. Brambach, T. Bressieux, J. Brett, D. Britsch, M. Britton, T. Brodzicka, J. Brook, N. H. Brown, H. Bursche, A. Buytaert, J. Cadeddu, S. Calabrese, R. Calvi, M. Calvo Gomez, M. Campana, P. Perez, D. Campora Carbone, A. Carboni, G. Cardinale, R. Cardini, A. Carson, L. Akiba, K. Carvalho Casse, G. Cassina, L. Garcia, L. Castillo Cattaneo, M. Cauet, Ch. Cenci, R. Charles, M. Charpentier, Ph. Chefdeville, M. Chen, S. Cheung, S. -F. Chiapolini, N. Chrzaszcz, M. Ciba, K. Vidal, X. Cid Ciezarek, G. Clarke, P. E. L. Clemencic, M. Cliff, H. V. Closier, J. Coco, V. Cogan, J. Cogneras, E. Cogoni, V. Cojocariu, L. Collazuol, G. Collins, P. Comerma-Montells, A. Contu, A. Cook, A. Coombes, M. Coquereau, S. Corti, G. Corvo, M. Counts, I. Couturier, B. Cowan, G. A. Craik, D. C. Crocombe, A. C. Torres, M. Cruz Cunliffe, S. Currie, R. D'Ambrosio, C. Dalseno, J. David, P. David, P. N. Y. Davis, A. De Bruyn, K. De Capua, S. De Cian, M. De Miranda, J. M. De Paula, L. De Silva, W. De Simone, P. Decamp, D. Deckenhoff, M. Del Buono, L. Deleage, N. Derkach, D. Deschamps, O. Dettori, F. Di Canto, A. Dijkstra, H. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Rio De Janeiro Brazil Tsinghua Univ Ctr High Energy Phys Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Univ Savoie CNRS LAPP IN2P3 Annecy Le Vieux France Univ Clermont Ferrand 2 Univ Blaise Pascal CNRS IN2P3LPC Clermont Ferrand France Aix Marseille Univ CPPM CNRS IN2P3 Marseille France Univ Paris 11 CNRS LAL IN2P3 F-91405 Orsay France Univ Paris 06 Univ Paris Diderot LPNHE CNRSIN2P3 Paris France Tech Univ Dortmund Fak Phys D-44221 Dortmund Germany Max Planck Inst Kernphys D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Univ Inst Phys Heidelberg Germany Univ Coll Dublin Sch Phys Dublin 2 Ireland Sez INFN Bari Bari Italy Sez INFN Bologna Bologna Italy Sez INFN Cagliari Cagliari Italy Sez INFN Ferrara Ferrara Italy Sez INFN Firenze Florence Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Lab Nazl Frascati I-00044 Frascati Italy Sez INFN Genova Genoa Italy Sez INFN Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Sez INFN Milano Milan Italy Sez INFN Padova Padua Italy Sez INFN Pisa Pisa Italy Sez INFN Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy Sez INFN Roma La Sapienza Rome Italy Polish Acad Sci Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys Krakow Poland AGH Univ Sci & Technol Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci PL-30059 Krakow Poland Natl Ctr Nucl Res NCBJ Warsaw Poland Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Bucharest 077125 Romania Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst Gatchina Russia Inst Theoret & Expt Phys Moscow 117259 Russia Moscow State Univ SINP MSU Inst Nucl Phys Moscow Russia Russian Acad Sci INR RAN Inst Nucl Res Moscow Russia Budker Inst Nucl Phys SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk State Univ Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Inst High Energy Phys Protvino Russia Univ Barcelona Barcelona Spain Univ Santiago de Compostela Santiago De Compostela Spain CERN European Org Nucl Res CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Phys Zurich Switzerland Nikhef Natl Inst Subatom Phys Amsterdam Net

The LHCb detector is a forward spectrometer at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The experiment is designed for precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of beauty and charm hadrons. In this paper the performance of the various LHCb sub-detectors and the trigger system are described, using data taken from 2010 to 2012. It is shown that the design criteria of the experiment have been met. The excellent performance of the detector has allowed the LHCb collaboration to publish a wide range of physics results, demonstrating LHCb's unique role, both as a heavy flavour experiment and as a general purpose detector in the forward region.

关键词： Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics particle tracking detectors gaseous detectors calorimeters Cherenkov detectors particle identification methods detector alignment and calibration methods trigger LHC

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Limits on the release of Rb isotopes from a zeolite based ^83mKr calibration source for the XENON project

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2011年第10期6卷 P10013-P10013页

作者： Hannen, V. Aprile, E. Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Beck, M. Bokeloh, K. Ferella, A. D. Giboni, K. Lang, R. F. Lebeda, O. Ortjohann, H.-W. Schumann, M. Spalek, A. Venos, D. Weinheimer, C. Univ Munster Inst Kernphys D-48149 Munster Germany Columbia Univ Dept Phys New York NY 10027 USA Lab Nazl Gran Sasso Assergi Laquila Italy Univ Zurich Inst Phys CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Acad Sci Czech Republic Nucl Phys Inst CZ-25068 Prague Czech Republic

The isomer Kr-83m with its half-life of 1.83 h is an ideal calibration source for a liquid noble gas dark matter experiment like the XENON project. However, the risk of contamination of the detector with traces of the much longer lived mother isotop Rb-83 (T1=2=86:2 d) has to be ruled out. In this work the release of Rb-83 atoms from a 1.8 MBq Rb-83 source embedded in zeolite beads has been investigated. To do so, a cryogenic trap has been connected to the source for about 10 days, after which it was removed and probed for the strongest(83)Rb g-rays with an ultra-sensitive Germanium detector. No signal has been found. The corresponding upper limit on the released Rb-83 activity means that the investigated type of source can be used in the XENON project and similar low-background experiments as Kr-83m generator without a significant risk of contaminating the detector. The measurements also allow to set upper limits on the possible release of the isotopes Rb-84 and Rb-86, traces of which were created alongside the production of Rb-83 at the Rez cyclotron.

关键词： detector alignment and calibration methods Noble-liquid detectors.

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Test beam performance of the CALICE Si-W electromagnetic calorimeter physics prototype

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & methods IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS detectorS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2010年第1-3期617卷 99-102页

作者： Krastev, K. Univ Grenoble 1 LPSC CNRS IN2P3Inst Polytech Grenoble F-38026 Grenoble France

The CALICE Collaboration is studying several designs of calorimeters for the International Linear Collider project. The reference option for electromagnetic calorimeter is a high granularity sampling calorimeter with tungsten as radiator and silicon diodes as sensitive material. It is optimised for the Particle Flow Approach. A small but full depth "physics prototype" has been already constructed and tested in test beam conditions. Results from the calibration and resolution measurements are shown here. A technological prototype (the EUDET module) is under construction. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： CALICE Electromagnetic calorimeter Silicon detector detector alignment and calibration methods detector design and construction technologies and materials Electron reconstruction Energy resolution

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Test beam performance of the CALICE Si-W electromagnetic calorimeter physics prototype

Test beam performance of the CALICE Si-W electromagnetic cal...

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11th Pisa Meeting on Advanced detectors

作者： Krastev, K. Univ Grenoble 1 LPSC CNRS IN2P3Inst Polytech Grenoble F-38026 Grenoble France

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The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2008年第08期3卷 S08004-S08004页

作者： Chatrchyan, S. Hmayakyan, G. Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A. M. Adam, W. Bauer, T. Bergauer, T. Bergauer, H. Dragicevic, M. Eroe, J. Friedl, M. Fruehwirth, R. Ghete, V. M. Glaser, P. Hartl, C. Hoermann, N. Hrubec, J. Haensel, S. Jeitler, M. Kastner, K. Krammer, M. de Abril, I. Magrans Markytan, M. Mikulec, I. Neuherz, B. Noebauer, T. Oberegger, M. Padrta, M. Pernicka, M. Porth, P. Rohringer, H. Schmid, S. Schreiner, T. Stark, R. Steininger, H. Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Uhl, D. Waltenberger, W. Walzel, G. Widl, E. Wulz, C. -E. Petrov, V. Prosolovich, V. Chekhovsky, V. Dvornikov, O. Emeliantchik, I. Litomin, A. Makarenko, V. Marfin, I. Mossolov, V. Shumeiko, N. Solin, A. Stefanovitch, R. Gonzalez, J. Suarez Tikhonov, A. Fedorov, A. Korzhik, M. Missevitch, O. Zuyeuski, R. Beaumont, W. Cardaci, M. De Langhe, E. De Wolf, E. A. Delmeire, E. Ochesanu, S. Tasevsky, M. Van Mechelen, P. D'Hondt, J. De Weirdt, S. Devroede, O. Goorens, R. Hannaert, S. Heyninck, J. Maes, J. Mozer, M. U. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Lancker, L. Van Mulders, P. Villella, I. Wastiels, C. Yu, C. Bouhali, O. Charaf, O. Clerbaux, B. De Harenne, P. De Lentdecker, G. Dewulf, J. P. Elgammal, S. Gindroz, R. Hammad, G. H. Mahmoud, T. Neukermans, L. Pins, M. Pins, R. Rugovac, S. Stefanescu, J. Sundararajan, V. Velde, C. Vander Vanlaer, P. Wickens, J. Tytgat, M. Assouak, S. Bonnet, J. L. Bruno, G. Caudron, J. De Callatay, B. De Jeneret, J. De Favereau De Visscher, S. Demin, P. Favart, D. Felix, C. Florins, B. Forton, E. Giammanco, A. Gregoire, G. Jonckman, M. Kcira, D. Keutgen, T. Lemaitre, V. Michotte, D. Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. Pierzchala, T. Piotrzkowski, K. Roberfroid, V. Rouby, X. Schul, N. Van der Aa, O. Beliy, N. Daubie, E. Herquet, P. Alves, G. Pol, M. E. Souza, M. H. G. Vaz, M. Damiao, D. De Jesus Oguri, V. Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Gregores, E. De Moraes Iope, R. L. Novaes, S. F. Tomei, T. Anguelov, T. Antchev, G. Atanasov, I. Damgov, J. Darmenov, N. Dimitrov, L. Genchev, V. Iaydjiev, P. Marinov, A. Piperov, S. Stoykova, S. Sultanov, G. Trayanov, R. Univ Pisa Scuola Normale Super Pisa Pisa Italy Yerevan Phys Inst Yerevan 375036 Armenia Inst Hochenergiephys OeAW Vienna Austria Byelorussian State Univ Minsk BELARUS Natl Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys Minsk BELARUS Res Inst Nucl Problems Minsk BELARUS Univ Antwerp B-2020 Antwerp Belgium Vrije Univ Brussel Brussels Belgium Univ Libre Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Univ Ghent B-9000 Ghent Belgium Catholic Univ Louvain B-1348 Louvain Belgium Univ Mons B-7000 Mons Belgium Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro Inst Fis Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista Inst Fis Teor BR-01405 Sao Paulo Brazil Bulgarian Acad Sci Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy Sofia Bulgaria Univ Sofia BU-1126 Sofia Bulgaria Inst High Energy Phys Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Peking Univ Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Ceram Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Los Andes Bogota Colombia Tech Univ Split Split Croatia Univ Split Split Croatia Rudjer Boskovic Inst Zagreb Croatia Univ Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus NICPB Tallinn Estonia Aalto Univ Lab Adv Energy Syst FIN-02150 Espoo Finland Helsinki Inst Phys Helsinki Finland Lappeenranta Univ Technol Lappeenranta Finland CNRS IN2P3 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules Annecy Le Vieux France CEA Saclay DSM DAPNIA F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette France Ecole Polytech CNRS IN2P3 Lab Leprince Ringuet F-91128 Palaiseau France Univ Strasbourg CNRS IN2P3 Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Strasbourg France Univ Haute Alsace Mulhouse Strasbourg France Univ Lyon 1 CNRS Inst Phys Nucl F-69622 Villeurbanne France Tbilisi State Univ Inst High Energy Phys & Informatizat GE-380086 Tbilisi Georgia Inst Phys Acad Sci Tbilisi Georgia Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Phys 1 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Phys Inst A 3 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Phys Inst B 3 Aachen Germany DESY Hamburg Germany Univ Hamburg Inst

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.

关键词： Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings high energy Gaseous detectors Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes Solid state detectors Calorimeters Gamma detectors Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics Particle identification methods Particle tracking detectors Spectrometers Analogue electronic circuits Control and monitor systems online Data acquisition circuits Data acquisition concepts detector control systems Digital electronic circuits Digital signal processing Electronic detector readout concepts Front-end electronics for detector readout Modular electronics Online farms and online filtering Optical detector readout concepts Trigger concepts and systems VLSI circuits Analysis and statistical methods Computing Data processing methods Data reduction methods Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods Software architectures detector alignment and calibration methods detector cooling and thermo-stabilization detector design and construction technologies and materials detector grounding Manufacturing Overall mechanics design Special cables Voltage distributions

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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2008年第08期3卷 S08002-S08002页

作者： Aamodt, K. Quintana, A. Abrahantes Achenbach, R. Acounis, S. Adamova, D. Adler, C. Aggarwal, M. Agnese, F. Rinella, G. Aglieri Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, A. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Akindinov, A. Akishin, P. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfaro, R. Alfarone, G. Alici, A. Alme, J. Alt, T. Altinpinar, S. Amend, W. Andrei, C. Andres, Y. Andronic, A. Anelli, G. Anfreville, M. Angelov, V. Anzo, A. Anson, C. Anticic, T. Antonenko, V. Antonczyk, D. Antinori, F. Antinori, S. Antonioli, P. Aphecetche, L. Appelshaeuser, H. Aprodu, V. Arba, M. Arcelli, S. Argentieri, A. Armesto, N. Arnaldi, R. Arefiev, A. Arsene, I. Asryan, A. Augustinus, A. Awes, T. C. Aeysto, J. Azmi, M. Danish Bablock, S. Badala, A. Badyal, S. K. Baechler, J. Bagnasco, S. Bailhache, R. Bala, R. Baldisseri, A. Baldit, A. Ban, J. Barbera, R. Barberis, P. -L. Barbet, J. M. Barnaefoldi, G. Barret, V. Bartke, J. Bartos, D. Basile, M. Basmanov, V. Bastid, N. Batigne, G. Batyunya, B. Baudot, J. Baumann, C. Bearden, I. Becker, B. Belikov, J. Bellwied, R. Belmont-Moreno, E. Belogianni, A. Belyaev, S. Benato, A. Beney, J. L. Benhabib, L. Benotto, F. Beoe, S. Berceanu, I. Bercuci, A. Berdermann, E. Berdnikov, Y. Bernard, C. Berny, R. Berst, J. D. Bertelsen, H. Betev, L. Bhasin, A. Baskar, P. Bhati, A. Bianchi, N. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bimbot, L. Blanchard, G. Blanco, F. Blanco, F. Blau, D. Blume, C. Blyth, S. Boccioli, M. Bogdanov, A. Boggild, H. Bogolyubsky, M. Boldizsar, L. Bombara, M. Bombonati, C. Bondila, M. Bonnet, D. Bonvicini, V. Borel, H. Borotto, F. Borshchov, V. Bortoli, Y. Borysov, O. Bose, S. Bosisio, L. Botje, M. Boettger, S. Bourdaud, G. Bourrion, O. Bouvier, S. Braem, A. Braun, M. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bravina, L. Bregant, M. Bruckner, G. Brun, R. Bruna, E. Brunasso, O. Bruno, G. E. Bucher, D. Budilov, V. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Buncic, P. Burns, M. Burachas, S. Busch, O. Bushop, J. Cai, X. Caines, H. Calaon, F. Caldogno, M. Cali, I. Camerini, P. Campagnolo, R. Campbell, M. Cao, X. Capitani, G. P. Romeo, G. Cara Cardenas-Montes, M. Carduner, H. Carena, F. Lund Univ Div Expt High Energy Phys Lund Sweden Univ Oslo Dept Phys Oslo Norway Ctr Aplicac Tecnol & Desarrollo Nucl CEADEN Madrid Spain Ctr Aplicac Tecnol & Desarrollo Nucl CEADEN Havana Cuba Heidelberg Univ Kirchhoff Inst Phys Heidelberg Germany Univ Nantes CNRS IN2P3 Ecol Mines NantesSUBATECH Nantes France Acad Sci Czech Republ Inst Nucl Phys CZ-25068 Rez Czech Republic Heidelberg Univ Inst Phys D-6900 Heidelberg Germany Panjab Univ Dept Phys Chandigarh 160014 India Univ Strasbourg CNRS IN2P3 IPHC Strasbourg France CERN European Org Nucl Res CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron Kolkata India Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Phys Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India Inst Theoret & Expt Phys Moscow 117259 Russia Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna Russia Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst Moscow Russia Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Turin Italy Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Fis Mexico City 01000 DF Mexico Univ Bologna Dipartimento Fis Bologna Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Bologna Italy Univ Bergen Dept Phys Bergen Norway Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH GSI D-6100 Darmstadt Germany Goethe Univ Frankfurt Inst Kernphys D-6000 Frankfurt Germany Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Bucharest Romania CEA DAPNIA Ctr Etudes Nucl Saclay France Creighton Univ Omaha NE 68178 USA Rudjer Boskovic Inst Zagreb Croatia Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Padua Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Cagliari Italy Politecn & Sez INFN Bari Italy Univ Santiago de Compostela IGFAE Santiago De Compostela Spain St Petersburg State Univ V Fock Inst Phys St Petersburg Russia Oak Ridge Natl Lab Oak Ridge TN USA Univ Jyvaskyla Helsinki Finland Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Catania Italy Univ Jammu Dept Phys Jammu 180004 India Univ Blaise Pascal CNRS IN2P3 LPC Clermont Ferrand France Slovak Acad Sci Inst Expt Phys Kosice 04353 Slovakia Safarik Univ Fac Sci Kosice Slovakia Univ Catania Dipartmento Fis Catania Italy Hungarian Acad Sci KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Ph

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This pap

关键词： Instrumentation for heavy-ion accelerators Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy Cherenkov and transition radiation Gaseous detectors Liquid detectors Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes Solid state detectors Calorimeters Cherenkov detectors dE/dx detectors Gamma detectors Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics Particle identification methods Particle tracking detectors Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons Spectrometers Time projection chambers Timing detectors Transition radiation detectors Analysis and statistical methods Computing Data processing methods Data reduction methods Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods Simulation methods and programs Software architectures detector alignment and calibration methods detector cooling and thermo-stabilization detector design and construction technologies and materials detector grounding Manufacturing Overall mechanics design Special cables Voltage distributions

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The LHCf detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2008年第08期3卷 S08006-S08006页

作者： Adriani, O. Bonechi, L. Bongi, M. Gastellini, G. D'Alessandro, R. Faus, D. A. Fukui, K. Grandi, M. Haguenauer, M. Itow, Y. Kasahara, K. Macina, D. Mase, T. Masuda, K. Matsubara, Y. Menjo, H. Mizuishi, M. Muraki, Y. Papini, P. Perrot, A. L. Ricciarini, S. Sako, T. Shimizu, Y. Taki, K. Tamura, T. Torii, S. Tricomi, A. Turner, W. C. Velasco, J. Viciani, A. Watanabee, H. Yoshida, K. CERN Geneva Switzerland Univ Florence Florence Italy INFN Sez Firenze Florence Italy IFAC CNR Florence Italy Ctr Mixto CSIC UVEG IFIC Valencia Spain Nagoya Univ SolarTerr Environm Lab Nagoya Aichi 4648601 Japan Ecole Polytech F-75230 Paris France Waseda Univ Res Inst Sci & Engn Tokyo Japan Konan Univ Kobe Hyogo Japan Kanagawa Univ Yokohama Kanagawa Japan Univ Catania Catania Italy LBNL Berkeley CA USA Shibaura Inst Technol Saitama Japan

LHCf is an experiment dedicated to the measurement of neutral particles emitted in the very forward region of LHC collisions. The physics goal is to provide data for calibrating the hadron interaction models that are used in the study of Extremely High-Energy Cosmic-Rays. This is possible since the laboratory equivalent collision energy of LHC is 10(17) eV. Two LHCf detectors, consisting of imaging calorimeters made of tungsten plates, plastic scintillator and position sensitive sensors, are installed at zero degree collision angle +/- 140m from an interaction point (IP). Although the lateral dimensions of these calorimeters are very compact, ranging from 20 mm x 20 mm to 40 mm x 40 mm, the energy resolution is expected to be better than 6% and the position resolution better than 0.2 mm for gamma-rays with energy from 100 GeV to 7 TeV. This has been confirmed by test beam results at the CERN SPS. These calorimeters can measure particles emitted in the pseudo rapidity range eta > 8.4. detectors, data acquisition and electronics are optimized to operate during the early phase of the LHC commissioning with luminosity below 10(30) cm(-2)S(-1). LHCf is expected to obtain data to compare with the major hadron interaction models within a week or so of operation at luminosity similar to 10(29) cm(-2)s(-1). After similar to 10 days of operation at luminosity similar to 1029 cm(-2)s(-1), the light output of the plastic scintillators is expected to degrade by similar to 10% due to radiation damage. This degradation will be monitored and corrected for using calibration pulses from a laser.

关键词： Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes Solid state detectors Calorimeters Gamma detectors Particle identification methods Particle tracking detectors Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons Gamma detectors Particle detectors Radiation damage to detector materials Data acquisition concepts detector control systems Front-end electronics for detector readout Trigger concepts and systems Analysis and statistical methods Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods Simulation methods and programs Scintillators and scintillating fibers and light guides detector alignment and calibration methods Overall mechanics design

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The LHCb detector at the LHC

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2008年第08期3卷 S08005-S08005页

作者： Alves, A. Augusto, Jr. Andrade Filho, L. M. Barbosa, A. F. Bediaga, I. Cernicchiaro, G. Guerrer, G. Lima, H. P., Jr. Machado, A. A. Magnin, J. Marujo, F. de Miranda, J. M. Reis, A. Santos, A. Toledo, A. Akiba, K. Amato, S. de Paula, B. de Paula, L. da Silva, T. Gandelman, M. Lopes, J. H. Marechal, B. Moraes, D. Polycarpo, E. Rodrigues, F. Ballansat, J. Bastian, Y. Boget, D. De Bonis, I. Coco, V. David, P. Y. Decamp, D. Delebecque, P. Drancourt, C. Dumont-Dayot, N. Girard, C. Lieunard, B. Minard, M. N. Pietrzyk, B. Rambure, T. Rospabe, G. T'Jampens, S. Ajaltouni, Z. Bohner, G. Bonnefoy, R. Borras, D. Carloganu, C. Chanal, H. Conte, E. Cornat, R. Crouau, M. Delage, E. Deschamps, O. Henrard, P. Jacquet, P. Lacan, C. Laubser, J. Lecoq, J. Lefvre, R. Magne, M. Martemiyanov, M. Mercier, M. -L. Monteil, S. Niess, V. Perret, P. Reinmuth, G. Robert, A. Suchorski, S. Arnaud, K. Aslanides, E. Babel, J. Benchouk, C. Cachemiche, J. -P. Cogan, J. Derue, F. Dinkespiler, B. Duval, P. -Y. Garonne, V. Favard, S. Le Gac, R. Leon, F. Leroy, O. Liotard, P. -L. Marin, F. Menouni, M. Ollive, P. Poss, S. Roche, A. Sapunov, M. Tocco, L. Viaud, B. Tsaregorodtsev, A. Amhis, Y. Barrand, G. Barsuk, S. Beigbeder, C. Beneyton, R. Breton, D. Callot, O. Charlet, D. DS'Almagne, B. Duarte, O. Fulda-Quenzer, F. Jacholkowska, A. Jean-Marie, B. Lefrancois, J. Machefert, F. Robbe, P. Schune, M. -H. Tocut, V. Videau, I. Benayoun, M. David, P. Del Buono, L. Gilles, G. Domke, M. Futterschneider, H. Ilgner, Ch. Kapusta, P. Kolander, M. Krause, R. Lieng, M. Nedos, M. Rudloff, K. Schleich, S. Schwierz, R. Spaan, B. Wacker, K. Warda, K. Agari, M. Bauer, C. Baumeister, D. Bulian, N. Fuchs, H. P. Fallot-Burghardt, W. Glebe, T. Hofmann, W. Knoepfle, K. T. Loechner, S. Ludwig, A. Maciuc, F. Nieto, F. Sanchez Schmelling, M. Schwingenheuer, B. Sexauer, E. Smale, N. J. Trunk, U. Voss, H. Albrecht, J. Bachmann, S. Blouw, J. Deissenroth, M. Deppe, H. Dreis, H. B. Eisele, F. Haas, T. Hansmann-Menzemer, S. Hennenberger, S. Knopf, J. Moch, M. Perieanu, A. Rabenecker, S. Univ Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro Inst Fis Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Savoie CNRS IN2P3 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules Annecy Le Vieux France Univ Blaise Pascal Phys Corpusculaire Lab CNRS IN2P3 Aubiere France Aix Marseille Univ CPPM CNRS IN2P3 Marseille France Univ Paris 11 CNRS IN2P3 Lab Accelerateur Lineaire F-91405 Orsay France Univ Paris 06 CNRS IN2P3 LPNHE Paris France Univ Paris 07 CNRS IN2P3 LPNHE Paris France Tech Univ Dortmund Fak Phys Dortmund Germany Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Univ Inst Phys D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Univ Bologna Bologna Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Bologna Italy Univ Cagliari Cagliari Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Cagliari Italy Univ Ferrara I-44100 Ferrara Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Ferrara Italy Univ Florence Florence Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Florence Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Lab Nazl Frascati I-00044 Frascati Italy Univ Genoa Genoa Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Genoa Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Milan Italy Univ Roma La Sapienza Dipartimento Energet Rome Italy Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Rome Italy Univ Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy Natl Inst Subat Phys Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Tsinghua Univ TUHEP Ctr High Energy Phys Beijing 100084 Peoples R China AGH Univ Sci & Technol Krakow Poland Polish Acad Sci Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys Krakow Poland Soltan Inst Nucl Studies PL-00681 Warsaw Poland IFIN HH Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Magurele Romania Russian Acad Sci Inst Nucl Res Moscow Russia Inst Theoret & Expt Phys Moscow 117259 Russia Budker Inst Nucl Phys INP Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Inst High Energy Phys Protvino Russia Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst St Petersburg Russia Univ Barcelona Barcelona Spain Univ Santiago de Compostela USC Santiago De Compostela Spain Ecole Polytech Fed Lausan

The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the de... 详细信息

关键词： Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics Particle tracking detectors Gaseous detectors Calorimeters Cherenkov detectors Particle identification methods Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons detector alignment and calibration methods detector cooling and thermo-stabilization detector design and construction technologies and materials

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