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modeling Time-Sensitive Networking Using Timed Continuous Petri Nets

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第1期58卷 300-305页

作者： A.G. Torres-Macías A. Ramírez-Treviño J.L. Briz J. Segarra H. Blanco-Alcaine Intel Deutschland GmbH

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards designed to provide determinism to Ethernet or wireless networks for real-time applications. Network Calculus (NC) is the best-known formal tool for TSN analysis, but it is hard to apply in scenarios of changing conditions. Petri Nets can potentially overcome some limitations of NC, but they have rarely been used as an analytical tool for TSN. This work presents a novel modeling methodology exploiting Timed Continuous Petri Nets (TCPNs) to abstract and analyze TSN nodes.

关键词： Petri nets Communication networks discrete event systems discrete event modeling and simulation Control on networks

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Algebraic Structures in Interpreted Petri nets

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 7893-7898页

作者： Carlos Renato Vázquez Antonio Ramírez-Treviño Manuel Navarro-Gutiérrez Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias Tecnologico de Monterrey Zapopan Mexico Unidad Guadalajara CINVESTAV Zapopan Mexico Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterrey Mexico

Modern discrete events Systems (SED) such as Manufacturing systems, Transport and Logistic system, among many others, are very large and complex. The bottom-up modeling methodologies based on building basic modules (either in Finite Automata (FA) or Petri nets (PN)) and then merging them using synchronous and permissive products result insufficient (the derived models are large and unreadable). To cope this problem, this paper introduces a modeling methodology based on the novel synchronous product, denotes as “ ∥ ”. This single product subsumes the previously reported synchronous and permissive products, and it is capable to handle large system in a formal yet efficient way. The main advantage of this new product deals in the fact that it is an associative and commutative operator in the class of Compositional State Machines (CSM). Moreover, (CSM, ∥ ) forms a moniod. Furthermore, by defining a partial order relation on the CSM set, a lattice is found. This structure is relevant since the resulting meet operation provides the common subsystems of a couple of systems, and the join operation represents how subsystems build a larger system. Finally, the purpose of this modelling methodology is twofold, on the one hand the model of the system is easy to follow and can be displayed in a Human-Machine Interface (HMI), on the other hand it can be used for analysis and control purposes.

关键词： Petri nets discrete event modeling and simulation event-based control

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On ϱ-passivity

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 8556-8561页

作者： Alessio Moreschini Michelangelo Bin Alessandro Astolfi Thomas Parisini Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London U.K. Dipartimento dell'Energia Elettrica e dell'Informazione Università di Bologna Bologna Italy. Dipartimento Ingegneria Civile e Ingegneria Informatica Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy. KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus. Dipartimento Ingegneria e Architettura Università di Trieste Trieste Italy.

We discuss passivity beyond continuous-time systems by highlighting several inconsistencies of the definition currently in use, for instance when applied to discrete-time systems, and by motivating the need for a new and more consistent notion. Hence, we propose a new definition, ϱ-passivity, that addresses the raised issues and that, as a result, is naturally applicable to a larger class of systems including discrete-time systems with non-zero relative degree. We show that, in line with the classical definition, ϱ-passivity is preserved under parallel and negative-feedback interconnection. These are preliminary results aimed at bridging passivity between different time domains, and taking the first step towards a more comprehensive and consistent passivity theory.

关键词： Passivity-based control Stability of nonlinear systems discrete event modeling and simulation

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Performance Assessment of a Closed Loop Repair Process in the Circular Economy Context

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 1264-1269页

作者： R. A. Djeunang Mezafack Z. Simeu-Abazi M. Di Mascolo Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble INP G-SCOP 38000 Grenoble France

It is well known that the dependability of equipment on a production site is strongly linked to the quality of maintenance operations. This paper focuses on repair shops dedicated to the overhaul of defective equipment from several sites, via circular economy strategies. The literature provides analytical and numerical models that allow the performance of a repair shop to be evaluated under certain conditions. However, the majority of studies do not highlight the impact of component degradation after each equipment overhaul. We propose to study the life cycle of components throughout a repair process. Each component begins a cycle with a discrete failure rate that increases with the number of operations undergone. At the end of their life, components undergo an operation that allows them to have a second life. The novelty of this paper lies in the evaluation of the impact of the component life cycle on the performance of a repair shop. We propose a closed-loop model with which we were able to carry out a case study in the railway sector. The results show that considering several levels of component degradation in the repair shop has an impact on maintenance costs.

关键词： discrete event modeling and simulation manufacturing and service systems repair shop life cycle assessment queuing systems and performance model

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Detecting Equipment Activities by Using Machine Learning Algorithms 17th

Detecting Equipment Activities by Using Machine Learning Alg...

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17th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing (INCOM)

作者： Fischer, A. Liang, M. Orschlet, V Bi, H. Kessler, S. Fottner, J. Tech Univ Munich Dept Mech Engn Chair Mat Handling Mat FlowLogist Munich Germany

discrete-event simulation can serve as a tool for using equipment data to control processes and calculate alternative scenarios. For this purpose, the simulation requires knowledge of the process states on the construction site. One way using these process states automatically in the simulation is to interpret sensor data using machine learning. This work shows the procedure and the results for the application of machine learning to a practical example in the field of special civil engineering. Sensor data (features) and activity data (target values) are used for data acquisition. Data preprocessing is performed using the moving average method to suppress data noise;data outliers are filtered using the box method. Feature selection is based on statistical considerations and the SHAP values. A total of five supervised machine learning algorithms are used to classify the existing data: (1) Decision Tree, (2) Logistic Regression, (3) Support Vector Machine, (4) Naive Bayes, (5) Artificial Neural Networks. Confusion matrices, cross-validation, and learning curves are used to evaluate the algorithms. Overall, the paper shows that machine learning is very well suited to supporting the integration of current data into the simulation. Copyright (C) 2021 The Authors.

关键词： discrete event modeling and simulation Production planning and control Logistics in manufacturing Process states detection Activity detection Classification in supervised machine learning

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Parallel iterative methods for variational integration applied to navigation problems 7th

Parallel iterative methods for variational integration appli...

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7th IFAC Workshop on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Methods for Nonlinear Control (LHMNC)

作者： Ferraro, Sebastian J. Martin de Diego, David de Almagro, Rodrigo T. Sato Martin Univ Nacl Sur UNS Inst Matemat INMABB CONICET Dept Matemat Bahia Blanca Buenos Aires Argentina UAM Inst Ciencias Matemat ICMAT C Nicolds Cabrera 13-15Campus Cantoblanco Madrid 28049 Spain Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Inst Appl Dynam Erlangen Germany

discrete variational methods have shown an excellent performance in numerical simulations of different mechanical systems. In this paper, we introduce an iterative method for discrete variational methods appropriate for boundary value problems. More concretely, we explore a parallelization strategy that leverages the power of multicore CPUs and GPUs (graphics cards). We study this parallel method for first-order and second-order Lagrangians and we illustrate its excellent behavior in some interesting applications, namely Zermelo's navigation problem, a fuel-optimal navigation problem, and an interpolation problem. Copyright (C) 2021 The Authors.

关键词： Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems discrete variational calculus discrete event modeling and simulation iterative modeling and control design modeling for control optimization

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Cyclic Update of Project Scheduling by Using Telematics Data 17th

Cyclic Update of Project Scheduling by Using Telematics Data

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17th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing (INCOM)

作者： Fischer, A. Li, Z. Wenzler, F. Kessler, S. Fottner, J. Tech Univ Munich Dept Mech Engn Chair Mat Handling Mat FlowLogist Munich Germany

discrete-event simulation (DES) is not really used in construction industries that require more flexibility. However, use cases can be found where DES can support the construction industries. One use case is schedule optimization. This paper presents an agent-based DES method for optimizing schedules in the construction industry taking resource-dependent processlengths into account. The approach is based on a theoretical level. Furthermore, there is a high potential when it is updated with actual equipment data. Therefore, we combine the project schedule optimization with a detailed model to update the equipment activities using a cyclic approach. This hybrid simulation approach is evaluated by taking a real use case of pile manufacture as an example. The results show the possibilities for the combination of different types of DES models in the context of the optimization of construction site performance. Copyright (C) 2021 The Authors.

关键词： discrete event modeling and simulation Petri nets event-based control Multi-agent systems modeling of manufacturing operations Production planning and control Job and activity scheduling Project schedule optimization MRCPSP

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Communication-Free Multi-Agent Coordination in an Unknown Environment 15th

Communication-Free Multi-Agent Coordination in an Unknown En...

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15th IFAC Workshop on discrete event Systems (WODES)

作者： Kulchyk, Jeremy Schonewille, Bryony Ean, Richard Rudi, Karen Queens Univ Ingenu Labs Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada Queens Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada

We propose a communication-free control protocol for the coordination of multi-agent systems of autonomous vehicles. We consider a maze solving problem in which two agents must search an unknown maze as fast and as securely as possible. We formulate this problem using a discrete-event systems framework and present a coordination strategy for two agents to search a simple maze that involves no communication, thereby eliminating any cyber-security threats. Our strategy involves two agents having reverse priority decision-making policies, while searching the maze with a depth-first search control policy. Under our definition of inefficiency, which is a function of the number of dead end states that are searched by both agents, we show that our method achieves the minimum inefficiency cost, and thus performs as well as any communication-based solution. Copyright (C) 2020 The Authors.

关键词： discrete event modeling and simulation Supervisory control and automata Decentralized control Multi-aget systems Control undcommuicatio constraints Internet of things Autonomous Vehicles Map building Connected Vehicles Security

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Towards probabilistic intrusion detection in supervisory control of discrete event systems 21st

Towards probabilistic intrusion detection in supervisory con...

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21st IFAC World Congress on Automatic Control - Meeting Societal Challenges

作者： Meira-Goes, Romulo Keroglou, Christoforos Lafortune, Stephane Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA KTH Royal Inst Technol Div Decis & Control Syst Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Stockholm Sweden

In control systems, sensor deception is a class of attacks where an attacker manipulates sensor readings to cause damage to the system. Our work investigates quantitative measurements to detect this class of attacks in the context of stochastic supervisory control. We introduce the notion of epsilon-safe systems, which is a first step to generalize qualitative intrusion detection conditions to quantitative intrusion detection conditions. We provide sufficient and necessary conditions to verify if a system is epsilon-safe. Moreover, we provide an algorithm that verifies these conditions, which implies that the problem is decidable. Copyright (C) 2020 The Authors.

关键词： Supervisory control and automata discrete event modeling and simulation Intrusion detection Security

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An Analysis of the Impact of Buffer Allocation and Maintenance on the Effectiveness of a Manufacturing System Using Computer simulation 38th

An Analysis of the Impact of Buffer Allocation and Maintenan...

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38th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology (ISAT)

作者： Klos, Slawomir Stadnicka, Dorota Univ Zielona Gora Ul Licealna 9 PL-65417 Zielona Gora Poland Rzeszow Univ Technol Powstancow Warszawy 12 PL-35959 Rzeszow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319672236;9783319672229

Maintenance management is responsible for the effectiveness of automated manufacturing systems. The allocation of a certain number of employees to the servicing sector of a manufacturing system ensures that an enterprise's throughput is at a satisfactory level but of course, there is the 'cost' factor to be taken into account. The present paper concentrates on the impact of the number of maintenance staff employed, the availability of resources, the allocation of a capacity buffer and the topology of the manufacturing system on the throughput and average lifespan of a given product. Research has been conducted with the use of a computer simulation, using Tecnomatix Plant simulation software. The model for the manufacturing system includes a parallel, serial production line with two separate manufacturing cells, connected by an intermediate buffer. Additionally the results obtained in simulations were subjected to statistical analysis. Performed analysis indicates that machines availability, size of buffer as well as number of operators have positive influence on value of throughput. Size of buffer has also positive influence on value of lifespan, while machines availability and number of operators have negative influence on value of lifespan.

关键词： discrete event modeling and simulation Maintenance Buffer allocation and associated problems Availability of resources Throughput Average product lifespan

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