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Comments and Corrections Comments on Theory of Optimum Taper for Distortionless Pulse Transmission

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2025年

作者： Sinha, Rakesh Das, Sankhadeep Natl Inst Technol Rourkela Dept Elect Engn Rourkela 769008 Odisha India

In the above paper, Chatterjee and De proposed a theory to design an optimum impedance taper for distortion-less Gaussian pulse transmission. In general, the impedance tapers are designed to maximize the power transmission over a wide frequency range between two lines of different impedances. However, it is impossible to match two different impedance lines around dc or zero frequency. As most of the energy of a Gaussian pulse is concentrated around zero frequency, it is impossible to send a Gaussian pulse through an impedance taper without any distortion. The design proposed by Chatterjee and De compromised the matching over a wide frequency range for distortion-less pulse transmission. In this comment paper, we have demonstrated the problem in detail.

关键词： Impedance Delays Bandwidth Mathematical models Impedance matching Reflection coefficient Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Distortion Differential equations Distortion-less pulse transmission group delay impedance matching impedance taper nonuniform transmission line

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Full-wave analysis and model-based parameter estimation approaches for Y-matrix computation of microwave distributed RF circuits

Full-wave analysis and model-based parameter estimation appr...

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Microwave, MTT-S International Symposium

作者： V. Chtchekatourov F. Coccetti P. Russer Institut fur Hochfrequenztechnik Technische Universitat Munchen Munich Germany

distributed microwave circuits are analyzed in time domain using the Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method. System Identification (SI) and Spectral Analysis (SA) methods are used to compute S- and Y-parameters. Model-based approaches to calculate the Y-parameters from truncated signals are presented. The extracted models are compared with running TLM analysis in real-time. In this way a stop criterion for the TLM computation is obtained. Compared with ordinary time-domain simulation the presented method of admittance parameter computation yields a reduction of computation time. The behavior of a microswitch realized via micromachining technique was investigated by using the TLM and the SA (SI) methods.

关键词： parameter estimation Time domain analysis Transmission line matrix methods Microwave theory and techniques Microwave circuits Circuit analysis distributed parameter circuits System identification Spectral analysis Computational modeling

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Utilizing distributed Circuit Topology Techniques to Achieve Greater Power Handling for High Power Impedance Matching RF Applications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2025年

作者： Roessler, Justin Egbert, Austin Van Hoosier, Trevor Baylis, Charles Peroulis, Dimitrios Marks II, Robert J. Baylor Univ Dept Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst WMCS Waco TX 76706 USA Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

With many midband spectrum reallocations for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications causing a congested spectrum, flexibility in high-power transmitter system operating frequency is needed while maintaining transmission range. Reconfigurable impedance tuners can provide versatile power-amplifier load matching as operating frequency changes to maintain maximum transmission range. A reconfigurable impedance tuner for a high-power transmitter should possess minimal loss, broad Smith Chart coverage, fast reconfigurability, and high-power handling. A periodic capacitor-loaded, distributed, switched-network topology can gradually match the input to the output, reducing spatial voltage and current variations. The reduced variations result in lower maximum branch currents providing higher power handling while maintaining Smith Chart coverage, tuner loss, and real-time switching speeds. This technique is applied for the first time, to our knowledge, toward increasing the power handling of reconfigurable matching networks. Reconfiguration to maintain performance will enable frequency agility in systems with high-power transmitters, such as radars, long-distance communications, and point-to-point communications, enabling spectral coexistence capabilities. A measurement-validated EM simulation demonstrates that a realizable, distributed-circuit impedance tuner, operating from 1 to 2 GHz, achieves at least a 2.1 times increase in worst-case power handling over all frequencies and states compared to a lumped circuit (nondistributed) impedance tuner. This 2.1 times improvement is achieved with similar Smith Chart coverage, only a 9.9% increase in average tuner loss when using a rather lossy switch, a flatter loss response over frequency, and a 34.8% reduction in maximum branch currents. The distributed circuit technique will enable real-time impedance tuners to be integrated with high-power cognitive transmitter systems, enabling maximum transmission range while providing f

关键词： Impedance Tuners Switches Transmitters Power transmission lines Impedance matching Circuit topology Time-frequency analysis Radar Bandwidth Adaptive systems distributed parameter circuits impedance matching switched capacitor circuits tunable circuits and devices

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A STATE-SPACE APPROACH FOR distributed-parameter CIRCUIT - DISTURBANCE-REJECTION PROBLEM FOR INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 1994年第5期E77A卷 778-783页

作者： OTSUKA, N INABA, H TORAICHI, K Univ of Tsukuba Tsukuba-shi Japan

It is an important problem whether or not we can reject the disturbances from distributed parameter circuit. In order to analyze this problem structurally, it is necessary to investigate the basic equation of distributed parameter circuit in the framework of state space. Since the basic equation has two parameters for time and space, the state value belongs to an infinite-dimensional space. In this paper, the disturbance-rejection problems with incomplete state feedback and/or incomplete state feedback and feedforward for infinite-dimensional systems are studied in the framework of geometric approach. And under certain assumptions, necessary and/or sufficient conditions for these problems to be solvable are proved.

关键词： STATE SPACE APPROACH distributed parameter circuits DISTURBANCE-REJECTION INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS INCOMPLETE STATE FEEDBACK GEOMETRIC APPROACH

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ANALYSIS OF PULSE TRANSFORMER ON distributed parameter THEORY

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 1989年第5期25卷 3260-3262页

作者： NISHIZUKA, N NAKATSUYAMA, M NAGAHASHI, H SASAKI, T SATO, R TOHOKU GAKUIN UNIV TAGAJO 985JAPAN

The pulse responses of magnetically coupled pulse transformers of arbitrary turn ratio n:1 are considered in the framework of a distributed parameter theory. Equivalent circuits for the calculation of pulse risetime and flat-top responses are introduced for inverting- and noninverting-type transformers, respectively. With these equivalent circuits, the pulse risetime responses are calculated more precisely than with the lumped-parameter circuit theory. Measured responses of pulse transformers agree well with the theoretical predictions.< >

关键词： Pulse transformers Coupling circuits Equivalent circuits Pulse circuits Pulse measurements Electronic circuits Equations Impedance Boundary conditions distributed parameter circuits

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OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS OF distributed parameter SYSTEMS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1969年第8期MT17卷 605-&页

作者： KARNIK, AR COHEN, GH Xerox Corporation Webster NY USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY USA

A technique is developed for the synthesis and design of a distributed parameter system guiding waves from one point in space to another. The parameter distributions are assumed to be nonrestricted except for the upper and lower bounds resulting from the imposition of physical realizability. The problem is similar to the "sensitivity" problem encountered in the optimal control of the systems. An improved version of the first-order gradient technique is used to obtain the optimal distributions of the parameters. The first-order gradient technique is sensitive to the form of the arbitrary distributions assumed at the start of the iterations. This technique has serious convergence problems associated with it. The problem is particularly severe and is encountered in "singular" optimal control problems. The algorithm devised here improves the first-order gradient technique so that it becomes less sensitive to the initial assumed distributions and virtually eliminates the convergence problems generated because of the bounds on the parameter distributions. A transmission line with distributed series r, l and shunt c is a particular case of the distributed parameter system. The optimal design of a notched filter employing a thin film circuit is a successful example of the application of the improved gradient technique. These distributions have been obtained by the use of a hybrid computer.

关键词： distributed parameter systems Integrated circuit synthesis Voltage distributed parameter circuits Frequency synthesizers Optimal control Filters Minimization Network synthesis Frequency domain analysis

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CIRCUIT BREAKER AND TRANSFORMER MODELS FOR SOLUTION OF WAVY PROPAGATION IN distributed-parameter SYSTEMS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1971年第3期PA90卷 1000-&页

作者： FEERO, WE JUVES, JA LONG, RW Westinghouse Electric Corporation East Pittsburgh PA USA

Many models for the representation of transmission lines may be found in the present literature. The increasing use of digital techniques to solve the switching surge problem has prompted the development of models for other particular components of a power system. Specifically, the accurate representation of circuit breakers and power transformers is of vital importance in almost all switching surge studies. Presented here is a generalized direct-integration method that, while accurately reproducing the traveling-wave phenomena in transmission lines, advances a procedure for the simulation of circuit breakers (with insertion resistors) and power transformers. The results from a switching surge study on a representative three-phase system are discussed in detail.

关键词： Circuit breakers Power system modeling Power transformers Surges Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Power system simulation Switching circuits Circuit simulation Resistors

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A distributed-parameter Approach to the High-Frequency Network Representation of Wide-Band Transformers

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IRE Transactions on Component Parts 1961年第1期8卷 23-30页

作者： O'Meara T.R. Hughes Res. Labs. Malibu Calif. United States

An approach to the high-frequency representation is developed from the point of view of distributed-parameter networks. This viewpoint may be directly employed to compute insertion or transmission functions. Alternatively, it provides a method for determining the element values for lumped-parameter equivalent circuits. This method is most easily applied to transformers having two winding layers with turns ratios which are either very nearly unity or which depart very greatly from unity, and the paper largely confines itself to these cases. distributed-parameter insertion-voltage ratios for a number of common two-winding transformer connections are presented and compared with experimental results. COPYRIGHT © 1961 — THE INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS, INC.

关键词： Wideband Transformers Cutoff frequency Magnetic analysis Magnetic resonance Transmission lines Coils distributed parameter circuits Equivalent circuits Boundary value problems

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Methods of suppression or avoidance of parallel-plate power leakage from conductor-backed transmission lines

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1996年第2期44卷 169-181页

作者： Das, NK Research Institute Department of Electrical Engineering Polytechnic University Farmingdale NY USA

Four useful methods are presented to suppress and/or avoid parallel-plate leakage from conductor-backed printed transmission lines, These include: 1) the use of shorting-pins;2) the use of a dielectric-guide-coupled configuration;3) using a two-layered conductor-backing configuration;and 4) dielectric loading on top, New analyses to model the leakage suppression due to the shorting-strips and the dielectric-guide-coupled geometries are presented, with selected demonstrative results and critical discussions, It is concluded that the unwanted leakage in many printed transmission lines, that are otherwise attractive for integrated circuits and phased array applications, can be successfully avoided and/or significantly suppressed using the proposed techniques.

关键词： Geometry Power transmission lines Dielectric substrates Phased arrays distributed parameter circuits Slotline Coplanar waveguides Pins Coplanar transmission lines Conductors

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A BROAD-BAND FREE-SPACE MILLIMETER-WAVE VECTOR TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1994年第7期42卷 1131-1139页

作者： KONISHI, Y KAMEGAWA, M CASE, M YU, R ALLEN, ST RODWELL, MJW Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering University of California

We report both broadband monolithic transmitter and receiver IC's for mm-wave electromagnetic measurements. The IC's use a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) and a sampling circuit as a picosecond pulse generator and detector. The pulses are radiated and received by planar monolithic bow-tie antennas, collimated with silicon substrate lenses and off-axis parabolic reflectors. Through Fourier transformation of the received pulse, accurate 30-250 GHz free space gain-frequency and phase-frequency measurements are demonstrated. Systems design considerations are discussed, and a variety of mm-wave broadband transmission measurements are demonstrated.

关键词： Pulse measurements Antenna measurements Millimeter wave integrated circuits Millimeter wave measurements Transmitters Monolithic integrated circuits Electromagnetic measurements Planar transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Sampling methods

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