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APPLICATION OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM TO DECISIONS ON COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST SNOW ACCRETION ON TRANSMISSION-LINES

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 1988年第3期3卷 1052-1058页

作者： NARA, K YAMASHIRO, S YANAURA, Y KITAMI INST TECHNOL KITAMIHOKKAIDO 090JAPAN HOKKAIDO ELECT POWER CO SAPPOROHOKKAIDOJAPAN

An expert system is discussed which assists in deciding the deicing countermeasures against snow accretion on 187 kV and 66 kV transmission lines. The distinctive features of the system are the application of an expert system to the completely hierarchical design of the whole system, and ranking by messages instead of by certainty factor. The system has been developed as a prototype using micro-Prolog and is under trial use in real power-system operations. An example illustrates the consulting behavior of the system.< >

关键词： Expert systems Snow Power transmission lines Prototypes Power system measurements distributed parameter circuits Power systems Power system modeling Current measurement Power measurement

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A Systematic Design Procedure of Classical Dual-Mode Circular Waveguide Filters Using an Equivalent distributed Model

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2012年第4期60卷 1006-1017页

作者： Cogollos, Santiago Brumos, Maria Boria, Vicente E. Vicente, Carlos Gil, Jordi Gimeno, Benito Guglielmi, Marco Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Comunicac iTEAM E-46022 Valencia Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Aurora Software & Testing SL E-46022 Valencia Spain Univ Valencia Dept Fis Aplicada ICMUV E-46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain European Space Agcy European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESTEC NL-2200 AG Noordwijk Netherlands

In this paper, we propose a systematic procedure for the accurate design of classical dual-mode filters in circular wave-guide technology. The design procedure is based on the previous synthesis of an intermediate distributed model, which links the standard lumped (or coupling matrix) elements circuit with the practical waveguide realization. We then show how the equivalent distributed model can be directly used to obtain the physical dimensions of these filter components (typically rectangular and cross-shaped irises, as well as tuning and coupling screws). The value of this paper lies in the fact that the proposed design strategy provides the final dimensions of these complex structures with unprecedented levels of accuracy and numerical efficiency, as it is shown through two dual-mode filter designs for narrowband applications, and measurements of a manufactured prototype.

关键词： Circular waveguide design methodology distributed parameter circuits dual-mode filter equivalent circuits waveguide filters

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MEASUREMENT OF LINEWIDTH OF SINGLE CRYSTAL FERRITES BY MONITORING REFLECTED WAVE IN SHORT-CIRCUITED TRANSMISSION LINE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 1967年第3期MAG3卷 521-+页

作者： BADY, I Electronic Components Laboratory U.S. Army Mectrollics Command Fort Monmouth NJ USA

A method is described for measuring the linewidth of single crystal ferrite spheres, based on monitoring the reflected wave in a short-circuited transmission line. The ferrite sample is at the short circuit, or a half wavelength from it. An equation is given for the normalized equivalent resistance of a ferrite sphere at resonance, and a comparison made between theory and experiment. At C band, resonance curves of undercoupled spheres are relatively free of distortion. However, at frequencies of 2 GHz and lower, resonance curves are often distorted. Moreover, it is frequently possible to obtain a discrete number of different resonant curves at a given frequency. Data are given on errors due to nonideal microwave components. A method of displaying a resonance curve on an oscilloscope, using swept fields, is described.

关键词： Transmission line measurements Ferrites Monitoring Resonance Transmission line theory distributed parameter circuits Frequency Electrical resistance measurement Wavelength measurement Equations

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MICROWAVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSTRIP LINES AND SPIRAL INDUCTORS IN MCM-D TECHNOLOGY

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS HYBRIDS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 1992年第6期15卷 1038-1045页

作者： ARNOLD, RG PEDDER, DJ GEC Marconi Materials Technology Limited Towcester Northamptonshire UK GEC-Plessey Semiconductors Lincoln Lincolnshire UK

The thin film implementation of MCM technology has been proposed as a suitable interconnection medium to support mixed device types, including all silicon CMOS and bipolar IC technologies. A further extension of this concept is the interconnection of GaAs and silicon IC's on the same substrate for applications in the microwave frequency region. As a prelude to the construction of such mixed technology modules, the microwave behavior of the silicon substrate interconnection technology has, therefore, been characterized. The MCM-D technology whose microwave characteristics are described in this paper comprises a four level metallization, aluminum-polyimide structure defined on a silicon substrate. A dedicated microwave characterization layout was designed and implemented which included a series of microstrip lines, spiral inductors, microstrip coupling structures, ring resonators, and microwave calibration structures. Analog measurements of these structures were then carried out using RF-on-wafer (RFOW) methods at frequencies from 0.5 to 20 GHz. Equivalent circuit models were derived which gave a close fit to the experimental measurements and a range of transmission line and spiral inductor components characterized. Useful analog transmission line behavior was indicated for 10-mm line lengths to 10 GHz, while inductors were measured with primary inductances approaching 20 nH with useful Q values in the 1-3 GHz region. Layout rules for low crosstalk were also devised.

关键词： Spirals Inductors Transmission line measurements Microstrip resonators distributed parameter circuits Microwave technology Metallization Silicon Coupling circuits Optical ring resonators

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ANALYSIS OF HIGH-SPEED VLSI INTERCONNECTS USING THE ASYMPTOTIC WAVE-FORM EVALUATION TECHNIQUE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED circuits AND SYSTEMS 1992年第3期11卷 341-352页

作者： TANG, TK NAKHLA, MS CARLETON UNIV DEPT ELECTROTTAWA K1S 5B6ONTARIOCANADA

The common methods for interconnect delay estimation rely upon an RC tree model. These methods are not adequate for high-speed or printed circuit board applications where more elaborate interconnect models are required. The models in this case may contain general RLC lumped and distributed networks. The recently published asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique provides a generalized approach to lumped RLC circuit response approximations. In addition, more accurate results compared with the RC tree methods can be obtained at an incremental cost in CPU time. However, with higher signal speeds, the electrical lengths of interconnects can become a significant fraction of a wavelength. Consequently, the conventional lumped-impedance interconnect model is not adequate in this case. Two new results are described in this paper: 1) Generalization of the AWE method to handle interconnect models which contain distributed elements. 2) Application of the generalized AWE technique to the important case where the distributed elements can be modeled as lossy coupled transmission lines. The generalized AWE technique is useful for both delay and crosstalk estimation and can be used to evaluate transient responses of high-speed interconnect circuits with negligible error compared with conventional circuit simulators such as SPICE while being two to three orders of magnitude faster.

关键词： Very large scale integration Integrated circuit interconnections RLC circuits Delay estimation Propagation losses Coupling circuits distributed parameter circuits Crosstalk Power system transients Circuit simulation

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Simulation of surface acoustic wave devices

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2004年第5期51卷 616-623页

作者： Yu, SD Kyungpook Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Taegu South Korea

The Mason crossed-field circuit model is generalized to simulate apodized interdigital transducers without channel division. The apodized transducer model is based on the transmission line model, and the artificial transformer with different voltage and current coupling ratios is used to independently obtain the transfer function and radiation admittance. In addition, a heuristic expression for transformer current ratios is used to approximate the radiation admittance of apodized transducers. Through comparing with the multichannel model, this unichannel model is illustrated to successfully describe the frequency response of apodized interdigital transducers.

关键词： Surface acoustic wave devices Acoustic waves Circuit simulation Acoustic transducers Equivalent circuits Surface acoustic waves distributed parameter circuits SPICE Piezoelectric transducers Coupling circuits

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MODIFICATION OF SPICE FOR SIMULATION OF COUPLED PACKAGING INTERCONNECTIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS HYBRIDS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 1992年第4期15卷 491-496页

作者： LEE, DJ PALUSINSKI, OA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

Design of high-speed electronic systems requires careful analysis of signal transmission through the interconnecting conductors. Inter-connections are modeled as transmission lines and are typically terminated by networks that contain transistors. The presence of nonlinear transistors in the terminations makes the analysis so complex that the use of computer simulation is necessary. Available, public domain network analyzers (such as SPICE) do not have facilities for simulation of multiple coupled transmission lines. This paper deals with the modification of SPICE program, version 2G.6, that allows simulation of networks with multiconductor, lossless transmission lines. Terminating networks may contain nonlinear active devices defined in the SPICE format. All SPICE 2G.6 transient analysis features and transistor models are supported. The paper describes the computational procedure based on the transmission line equivalent circuit, explains the principle of SPICE implementation, and gives examples of application. The newly developed simulator is also useful in determining the upper limit for crosstalk in systems with lossy lines. However, the simulator under-estimates the transmission delays in such cases and corrections might be needed. Such corrections are relatively easy to do in most practical cases, where dc losses are dominant.

关键词： SPICE Packaging Computational modeling Circuit simulation Multiconductor transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Couplings Propagation losses Transient analysis Equivalent circuits

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SLIT-COUPLED STRIP TRANSMISSION LINES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1966年第11期MT14卷 542-&页

作者： YAMAMOTO, S AZAKAMI, T ITAKURA, K Department of Electrical Communication Engineering School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka Japan Department of Electrical Communication Engineering School of Engineering Osaka University Japan

Two types of slit-coupled strip-line configuration are presented which are especially useful for the realization of multi-section components using printed-circuit techniques. The slit-coupled configurations described consist of a pair of strips oriented face to face and either parallel or perpendicular to the outer ground planes. Coupling is achieved through a longitudinal slit. Exact conformal mapping solutions of the even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances are arranged in the forms of the design equations for both parallel and perpendicular cases. In order to facilitate design, nomograms are presented for the parallel case which give the physical line dimensions in terms of the even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances. Furthermore, the exact design equations for both parallel and perpendicular broadside-coupled strip configurations, which are considered to be special cases of the slit-coupled configurations, are presented. Formulas for the terminating lines are also included. The proposed parallel-coupled strip transmission line configurations permit smooth variation of coupling and applications to a wide variety of circuit components.

关键词： Strips Transmission lines Coupling circuits Transmission line theory Microwave theory and techniques distributed parameter circuits Network synthesis Signal synthesis Antennas and propagation Microwave devices

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DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA FOR RELIABILITY STUDIES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1968年第1期PA87卷 84-&页

作者： PATTON, AD Electric Power Institute Texas A and M University College Station TX USA

Methods for transmission and distribution system reliability analysis currently being developed and used require that the expected values of component outage rates and outage durations be known. The paper describes how the required component parameters can be estimated from field data. Also described are methods of placing confidence limits on the parameters estimated. The methods presented were developed through a study of six years of field records provided by a utility company. Sample expected outage rates and outage durations for various components such as transmission lines, substation transformers, and circuit breakers are presented. Also presented are data which tend to confirm the distributional assumptions made in system reliability analysis methods.

关键词： Data analysis Reliability parameter estimation Substations Transformers Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Circuit breakers Transmission line measurements Power system analysis computing

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RESPONSE OF AN OVERHEAD WIRE NEAR A NEMP SIMULATOR

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 1990年第1期32卷 18-27页

作者： HANSEN, D SCHAER, H KOENIGSTEIN, D HOITINK, H GARBE, H GIRI, DV ABB EMI Control Center Asea Brown Boveri Limited Baden Switzerland

The response of an overhead wire illuminated by a simulated nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) was experimentally investigated. The wire is 70 m long, 7 mm in diameter, and situated 5 m above the ground. It is located 20 m away from a hybrid-type EMP simulator. The simulator is a resistively loaded elliptical loop structure with its pulse generator located 20 m above the ground. The overhead wire is terminated with various combinations of short circuit, open circuit, and characteristic impedance at the two ends, and the current response is measured at one end and in the middle. The measured responses are compared with calculated values from available analytical models.< >

关键词： Wire Transmission line theory EMP radiation effects distributed parameter circuits Circuit simulation Impedance Transmission line measurements Soil Analytical models Electromagnetic radiation

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