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Examination of efficient coding model for auditory nerves during infant development

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ACOUSTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020年第1期41卷 351-354页

作者： Terashima, Hiroki Furukawa, Shigeto NTT Commun Sci Labs 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa 2430198 Japan

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Evaluation Program of an efficient Source coding Algorithm Under the Condition of Converting Metric Spaces

Evaluation Program of an Efficient Source Coding Algorithm U...

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Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF)

作者： Adzhemov, A. S. Kudryashova, A. Y. Moscow Tech Univ Commun & Informat Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728122885

In modern communication systems, the issues of ensuring the required quality of signal transmission are highly relevant. This article proposes an algorithm and a program built on its basis for evaluating the effective coding of a source of signals when they are converted in various metric spaces, and in particular for the currently widely used analog-digital conversion of a continuous signal into a binary one. The estimation algorithm takes into account the distortion indicators when encoding with a binary code, the likelihood of these distortions occurring during the transmission of message elements and the likelihood of a message appearing on the communication channel. In addition to the algorithm itself, its software implementation is proposed, created using the C # programming language. The software implementation has a graphical environment for the user.

关键词： efficient coding source coding metric spaces analog to digital binary code

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efficient and Explicit coding for Interactive Communication

Efficient and Explicit Coding for Interactive Communication

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52nd Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)

作者： Gelles, Ran Moitra, Ankur Sahai, Amit Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept CS Los Angeles CA 90024 USA IAS Sch Math Princeton NJ 08540 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545714

We revisit the problem of reliable interactive communication over a noisy channel, and obtain the first fully explicit (randomized) efficient constant-rate emulation procedure for reliable interactive communication. Our protocol works for any discrete memoryless noisy channel with constant capacity, and fails with exponentially small probability in the total length of the protocol. Following a work by Schulman [Schulman 1993] our simulation uses a tree-code, yet as opposed to the non-constructive absolute tree-code used by Schulman, we introduce a relaxation in the notion of goodness for a tree code and define a potent tree code. This relaxation allows us to construct an explicit emulation procedure for any two-party protocol. Our results also extend to the case of interactive multiparty communication. We show that a randomly generated tree code (with suitable constant alphabet size) is an efficiently decodable potent tree code with overwhelming probability. Furthermore we are able to partially derandomize this result by means of epsilon-biased distributions using only O(N) random bits, where N is the depth of the tree.

关键词： Channel capacity Channel coding Emulation Hamming distance Noise measurement Protocols derandomization efficient coding explicit coding explicit emulation procedure interactive communication interactive communication with noise noisy channel tree codes tr

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efficient and Predictive coding From Compression and Control by Human Brain Networks

Efficient and Predictive Coding From Compression and Control...

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作者： Zhou, Dale University of Pennsylvania

学位级别：Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy

Most theories of brain function depend on information processing and the manipulation of neural or cognitive representations. This information processing is thought to be efficient and manipulations are thought to update representations that are predictive of future needs. These ideas are formulated by theories of efficient coding and predictive coding. efficient coding is transmitting maximal information while minimizing the use of limited resources. Predictive coding is transmitting maximal information about the future while minimizing the use of limited resources. Although these parsimonious theories have accumulated evidence at the cellular level and in sensory regions, different models and data are needed to test the theories at the macroscale and across the brain network. This dissertation investigates how we can generalize efficient and predictive coding to the brain network by drawing from network science, information theory, and control theory. Using these frameworks, we operationalize compression and control as two key processes underlying efficient and predictive coding. Data compression distills predictive from unpredictive information using limited metabolic resources. Optimal control governs how the brain network should distribute the control signals needed to transition to diverse future states according to feedback from structured representations of the world. We test the compression and control models with hypothesized features of an efficient and predictive code. We find relationships between our models and the dimensionality and timescales of brain activity, metabolic resource expenditure, myelin content, areal expansion, functional specialization, and behavioral speed and accuracy. These findings support the efficient and predictive coding hypotheses across the brain and open new avenues to investigate brain function and mental health.

关键词： Predictive coding Brain network Brain function efficient coding

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efficient Temporal coding in the Early Visual System: Existing Evidence and Future Directions

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FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022年 16卷 929348页

作者： Price, Byron H. Gavornik, Jeffrey P. Boston Univ Ctr Syst Neurosci Dept Biol Grad Program Neurosci Boston MA 02215 USA

While it is universally accepted that the brain makes predictions, there is little agreement about how this is accomplished and under which conditions. Accurate prediction requires neural circuits to learn and store spatiotemporal patterns observed in the natural environment, but it is not obvious how such information should be stored, or encoded. Information theory provides a mathematical formalism that can be used to measure the efficiency and utility of different coding schemes for data transfer and storage. This theory shows that codes become efficient when they remove predictable, redundant spatial and temporal information. efficient coding has been used to understand retinal computations and may also be relevant to understanding more complicated temporal processing in visual cortex. However, the literature on efficient coding in cortex is varied and can be confusing since the same terms are used to mean different things in different experimental and theoretical contexts. In this work, we attempt to provide a clear summary of the theoretical relationship between efficient coding and temporal prediction, and review evidence that efficient coding principles explain computations in the retina. We then apply the same framework to computations occurring in early visuocortical areas, arguing that data from rodents is largely consistent with the predictions of this model. Finally, we review and respond to criticisms of efficient coding and suggest ways that this theory might be used to design future experiments, with particular focus on understanding the extent to which neural circuits make predictions from efficient representations of environmental statistics.

关键词： efficient coding predictive coding time temporal representations visual cortex

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Li and Atick's theory of efficient binocular coding: A tutorial and mini-review

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VISION RESEARCH 2022年 201卷 107950页

作者： May, Keith Zhaoping, Li Univ Essex Dept Psychol Colchester England Univ Tubingen Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet Tubingen Germany Univ Essex Dept Psychol Wivenhoe Pk Colchester CO4 3SQ England

Li and Atick (Network: Computation in Neural Systems 5 (1994) 157-174) presented a theory of efficient binocular encoding that explains a number of experimental findings. A binocular neuron is conventionally described in terms of two channels: the left and right eyes. Li and Atick's theory instead describes the neuron in terms of two alternative channels: the binocular sum and difference. The advantage of the latter description is that, unlike the left and right eye channels, the summation and differencing channels are usually uncorrelated;this means that each channel can be optimised independently of the other. The theory shows how to derive optimal receptive fields for the binocular summation and differencing channels;from these, it is easy to derive the neuron's optimal left and right eye receptive fields. The functional reality of the summation and differencing channels is demonstrated by a series of adaptation studies that confirm some counterintuitive predictions of the theory. Here we provide an accessible account of the theory, and review the evidence supporting it.

关键词： Binocular vision efficient coding Theoretical neuroscience

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The tilt illusion arises from an efficient reallocation of neural coding resources at the contextual boundary

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2025年第17期122卷

作者： Zhang, Ling-Qi Mao, Jiang Aguirre, Geoffrey K. Stocker, Alan A. HHMI Janelia Research Campus Ashburn 20147 VA United States Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104 PA United States Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104 PA United States

The tilt illusion—a bias in the perceived orientation of a center stimulus induced by an oriented surround—illustrates how context shapes visual perception. Although extensively studied for decades, we still lack a comprehensive account of the illusion that connects its behavioral and neural characteristics. Here, we demonstrate that the tilt illusion originates from dynamic changes in neural coding precision induced by the surround context. We simultaneously obtained psychophysical and functional MRI responses from human subjects while they viewed gratings in the absence and presence of an oriented surround and independently extracted sensory encoding precision from their behavioral and neural data. Both measures show that in the absence of an oriented surround, encoding reflects the natural scene statistics of orientation. However, with an oriented surround, encoding precision is significantly increased for stimuli similar to the surround orientation. This local change in encoding is sufficient to predict the behavioral characteristics of the tilt illusion using a Bayesian observer model. The effect of surround modulation increases along the ventral stream and is localized to the portion of the visual cortex with receptive fields at the center-surround boundary. The pattern of change in coding accuracy reflects the surround-conditioned orientation statistics in natural scenes, but cannot be explained by local stimulus configuration. Our results suggest that the tilt illusion naturally emerges from an adaptive coding strategy that efficiently reallocates neural coding resources based on the current stimulus context. Copyright © 2025 the Author(s).

关键词： contextual modulation efficient coding Fisher information fMRI orientation estimation

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Large-scale interactions in predictive processing: oscillatory versus transient dynamics

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TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES 2025年第2期29卷 133-148页

作者： Vinck, Martin Uran, Cem Dowdall, Jarrod R. Rummell, Brian Canales-Johnson, Andres Max Planck Gesell Ernst Strungmann Inst ESI Neurosci D-60528 Frankfurt Germany Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Ctr Neurosci Dept Neurophys NL-6525 Nijmegen Netherlands Western Univ Robarts Res Inst London ON Canada Univ Catolica Maule Fac Ciencias Salud Talca 3480122 Chile Univ Cambridge Dept Psychol Cambridge CB2 3EB England

How do the two main types of neural dynamics, aperiodic transients and oscillations, contribute to the interactions between feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) pathways in sensory inference and predictive processing? We discuss three theoretical perspectives. First, we critically evaluate the theory that gamma and alpha/beta rhythms play a role in classic hierarchical predictive coding (HPC) by mediating FF and FB communication, respectively. Second, we outline an alternative functional model in which rapid sensory inference is mediated by aperiodic transients, whereas oscillations contribute to the stabilization of neural representations over time and plasticity processes. Third, we propose that the strong dependence of oscillations on predictability can be explained based on a biologically plausible alternative to classic HPC, namely dendritic HPC.

关键词： predictive processing predictive coding classical hierarchical predictive coding dendritic hierarchical predictive coding rhythms oscillations synchronization dynamics gamma alpha beta feedforward feedback hierarchy efficient coding plasticity

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efficient mechanisms

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PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2025年第2期38卷 555-578页

作者： Fuentes, Jorge Ignacio Univ Alberto Hurtado Departmento Filosofia 1869 Alameda Santiago 8340576 Chile

A distinguishing feature of neural computation and information processing is that it fits models that describe the most efficient strategies for performing different cognitive tasks. Efficiency determines a distinctive sense of teleology involving optimal performance and resource management through a specific strategy. I articulate this kind of teleology and call it efficient teleological function. I argue that efficient teleological function is compatible with mechanistic explanation and, most likely, neural computational mechanisms are efficiently functional in this sense. They are members of a distinctive class of computational mechanisms whose efficiency is intertwined with their functionality. This is illustrated by widely discussed approaches to mind, such as Barlow's efficient coding hypothesis or the ones associated with the so-called "predictive mind", which propose that the brain employs highly efficient coding strategies to save energy resources that are critical to the organism's survival.

关键词： Teleological functions neural mechanisms neural computation optimality explanations efficient coding predictive mind

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Impact of conflicts between long- and short-term priors on the weighted prior integration in visual perception

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COGNITION 2025年 254卷 106006页

作者： Sun, Qi Gong, Xiu-Mei Sun, Qian Zhejiang Normal Univ Sch Psychol Jinhua Peoples R China Intelligent Lab Zhejiang Prov Mental Hlth & Crisis Jinhua Peoples R China

The prior distribution of values for a specific feature can be categorized as long- or short-term priors based on their respective learning durations. Studies have demonstrated that the visual system can integrate both priors through weighted averaging and then utilize the integrated prior to efficiently encode stimuli. It is unclear what determines the two priors' relative weights. To address this question, we arranged the orientations according to three distributions: natural, anti-natural, and natural with increased-amplitude distributions. The natural distribution mirrors the distribution of orientations in the natural world, so it does not conflict with the long-term prior;according to the Kullback-Leibler divergence analysis, the natural distribution had a higher conflict with the anti-natural distribution than with the natural distribution with increased amplitude. It was found that the cardinal bias - the orientation estimates are biased away from the cardinal orientations - was strongest in the natural distribution with increased amplitude but weakest in the anti-natural distribution. These results were accurately predicted by an efficient Bayesian observer model in which the prior is the weighted integration of the long- and short-term priors. Importantly, the weight of the short-term prior in the new prior decreased as the level of the conflict between the long- and short-term priors increased. Therefore, this study reveals that the visual system integrates the long- and short-term priors through weighted averaging, with the conflicting level between the two priors determining their relative weights in the integration prior. The integrated prior was used by visual systems to efficiently encode stimuli.

关键词： efficient coding Bayesian decoding Short-term prior Long-term prior Weighted integration Visual perception

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