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Software protection and simulation on oblivious RAMs

Software protection and simulation on oblivious RAMs

引用

作者： Ostrovsky, Rafail Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

来源：评论

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Efficiency loss mechanisms in colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting diodes

Efficiency loss mechanisms in colloidal quantum-dot light-em...

引用

作者： Shirasaki, Yasuhiro Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Saturated and tunable emission colors make colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) interesting for the next generation of display and lighting technologies. However, there still remain various hurdles to the commercialization of QD-LEDs, including their relatively low external quantum efficiencies (EQE). In this thesis, we study the efficiency loss mechanisms present in the latest generation of QD-LEDs. We start with understanding the origin of reduced efficiencies at high current density operation, known as the efficiency roll-off. Through simultaneous measurement of quantum dot (QD) electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies during device operation, we identify that the reduced PL efficiency of the QDs at high current densities is the cause for the efficiency roll-off. Furthermore, comparison of QD EL spectra, taken under forward bias, and PL spectra, taken under reverse bias, suggests that this reduced PL efficiency is electric-field-induced. We use the relationship between PL peak-shifts and PL quenching of QDs subject to the quantum confined Stark effect to predict the efficiency roll-off in forward bias. The roll-off predicted by this analysis is in excellent agreement with our experimental data and correctly traces an EQE reduction of nearly 50%. We complement the ELPL study with electroabsorption spectroscopy measurements of a biased QD-LED, which confirms that the charging of the QDs is not voltage bias dependent and is thus unrelated to the roll-off. Finally, we study the effect of Auger recombination on QD-LEDs by varying the QD layer thickness. QD-LEDs with thicker QD layers exhibit lower peak EQEs and QD transient PL with stronger bi-exponential behavior. We attribute the strength of the bi-exponential behavior to the fraction of the QDs charged in the device, which can explain the correlation between the strength of the bi-exponential behavior and the EQE.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Numerical modeling of microstrip circuits and antennas

Numerical modeling of microstrip circuits and antennas

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作者： Sheen, David Mark Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

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Integrated silicon photonic circuit simulation

Integrated silicon photonic circuit simulation

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作者： Leu, Jonathan Chung Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Integrated silicon photonics is an exciting emerging technology, utilizing the high bandwidth and high timing resolution that optics provides in many applications. To maximize the benefits of these optical-electrical systems, tight integration of the electronic and photonic components are necessary. In light of this need, we've developed a Cadence toolkit library written in VerilogA that simulates both the amplitude and phase of optical signals, as well as optical-electrical interactions. The runtime is greatly improved by simulating the optical signal relative to a reference frequency, which is chosen to be close to the frequency range of interest. We have identified a set of fundamental photonic components, and described each at the physical level, such that the characteristics of a composite device will be created organically. We show that the simulated results match analytic solutions for simple devices like resonant ring filters and more complicated devices like single sideband modulators. Adding to this toolkit library, we then discuss devices that are required for handling more special cases, such as chromatic dispersion in the waveguide, and non-ideal optoelectronic devices. Finally, we demonstrate simulations of complicated systems such as WDM links and Pound-Drever-Hall loops. This will allow designers to unify our photonic device designing and modeling environment with circuit and system level design, giving us greater insight on the trade-offs that take place between the two realms.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Structural and functional imaging of the human and small animal eyes using ultrahigh speed Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Structural and functional imaging of the human and small ani...

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作者： Choi, Woo Jhon Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique that allows the three-dimensional structure of biological tissue to be visualized with micrometer resolution. In ophthalmology OCT has the unique advantage that it provides cross-sectional images of the retina and choroid noninvasively and in vivo, which have led OCT to be a clinical standard for the diagnosis of a variety of retinal diseases. Although current commercial Fourier domain OCT systems have high imaging speeds of 20-100kHz A-scan rates, these imaging speeds are not sufficient for more advanced structural and functional imaging techniques. Current state-of-the-art spectral domain and swept source OCT provide ultrahigh imaging speeds of >200kHz A-scan rates. These speeds enable functional imaging of retinal blood flow, OCT angiography of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature, and wide field volumetric structural imaging of the retina and choroid. In this thesis, advances in structural and functional ophthalmic imaging techniques for the human and small animal eyes are investigated using ultrahigh speed Fourier domain OCT. The following topics are discussed: (1) a method for numerically extracting and compensating dispersion mismatch in ultrahigh resolution spectral domain OCT, (2) ultrahigh speed spectral domain imaging in the small animal eye for measuring total retinal blood flow, (3) development of ultrahigh speed phase stable swept source OCT system for human retinal imaging, (4) OCT angiography of the choriocapillaris in the human eye, (5) clinical applications of OCT angiography in retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, (6) small animal anesthesia protocol for functional hemodynamic imaging, and (7) imaging of neurovascular coupling in small animals using ultrahigh speed OCT.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Techniques for low jitter clock multiplication

Techniques for low jitter clock multiplication

引用

作者： Helal, Belal M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Phase realigning clock multipliers, such as Multiplying Delay-Locked Loops (MDLL), offer significantly reduced random jitter compared to typical Phase-Locked Loops (PLL). This is achieved by introducing the reference signal directly into their voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) to realign the phase to the clean reference. However, the typical cost of this benefit is a significant increase in deterministic jitter due to path mismatch in the detector as well as analog nonidealities in the tuning circuits. This thesis proposes a mostly-digital tuning technique that drastically reduces deterministic jitter in phase realigning clock multipliers. The proposed technique eliminates path mismatch by using a single-path digital detection method that leverages a scrambling time-to-digital converter (TDC) and correlated double sampling to infer the tuning error from the difference in cycle periods of the output. By using a digital loop filter that consists of a digital accumulator, the tuning technique avoids the analog nonidealities of typical tuning paths. The scrambling TDC is not a contribution of this thesis. A highly-digital MDLL prototype that uses the proposed tuning technique consists of two custom 0.13 [mu]m ICs, an FPGA board, a discrete digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with effective 8 bits, and a simple RC filter. The measured performance (for a 1.6 GHz output and 50 MHz reference) demonstrated an overall jitter of 0.93 ps rms, and estimated random and deterministic jitter of 0.68 ps rms and 0.76 ps peak-to-peak, respectively. The proposed MDLL architecture is especially suitable for digital ICs, since its highly-digital architecture is mostly compatible with digital design flows, which eases its porting between technologies.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Motion-compensated NTSC demodulation

Motion-compensated NTSC demodulation

引用

作者： Wang, John Szeming Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

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Generation of high intensity femtosecond laser pulses and applications to studies of transient phenomena

Generation of high intensity femtosecond laser pulses and ap...

引用

作者： Fujimoto, James G Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

This thesis research concerns the development of a femtosacond giga- watt dye laser amplifier and its application to the investigation of ultrafast transient physical processes. Several experimental studies have been performed which develop and extend time resolved spectroscopy into ' the femtosecond regime to obtain new results on specific topics of current scientific interest in nonlinear optics and solid state physics. These investigations include: 1. Transient four wave mixing and optical gating. Scattered pulse dura- tions in parametric mixing are examined both theoretically and experi- mentally. The application of this process for optical gating and pulse shortening has been demonstrated by the generation of high in- tensity pulses of 37 femtoseconds duration. 2. Generation and measurement of optical pulses as shot: at 16 femtosec- ands. Amplified 65 femtosecond pulses have been compressed to 16 femcosaconds using nonlinear self phase modulation in a short optical fiber followed by compression with a diffraction grating pair. These pulses consist of only eight optical cycles and are the shortest opti- cal pulses produced to date. 3. Multiphoton photoemlssion and nonequlllbrlum electron/lattice tempera- tures in tungsten. High intensity 75 femtoeecond optical pulses have been used to observe multiphoton and thermally assisted photoemission and to produce nonequilibrium electron heating in tungsten. Pump- probe measurements indicate an elecrron-phonon energy transfer time of several hundred femtoseconds. This constitutes the first direct time resolved measurement of elaccron-phonon energy relaxation in metals. 4. Femtosecond time resolved exciton dynamics in Cdse. The transient be- havior of the exciton resonance in highly excited Cdse has been inves- tigated by femtosecond pump and continuum probe reflectivity measure- ments. Screening by free carriers is observed to develop in less than 100 Eemtoseconds. This is the first Lnvesclgatlon of screening in II- VI s

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Storing and managing data in a distributed hash table

Storing and managing data in a distributed hash table

引用

作者： Sit, Emil Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) have been proposed as a generic, robust storage infrastructure for simplifying the construction of large-scale, wide-area applications. For example, UsenetDHT is a new design for Usenet News developed in this thesis that uses a DHT to cooperatively deliver Usenet articles: the DHT allows a set of N hosts to share storage of Usenet articles, reducing their combined storage requirements by a factor of O(N). Usenet generates a continuous stream of writes that exceeds 1 Tbyte/day in volume, comprising over ten million writes. Supporting this and the associated read workload requires a DHT engineered for durability and efficiency. Recovering from network and machine failures efficiently poses a challenge for DHT replication maintenance algorithms that provide durability. To avoid losing the last replica, replica maintenance must create additional replicas when failures are detected. However, creating replicas after every failure stresses network and storage resources unnecessarily. Tracking the location of every replica of every object would allow a replica maintenance algorithm to create replicas only when necessary, but when storing terabytes of data, such tracking is difficult to perform accurately and efficiently. This thesis describes a new algorithm, Passing Tone, that maintains durability efficiently, in a completely decentralized manner, despite transient and permanent failures. Passing Tone nodes make replication decisions with just basic DHT routing state, without maintaining state about the number or location of extant replicas and without responding to every transient failure with a new replica. Passing Tone is implemented in a revised version of DHash, optimized for both disk and network performance. (cont.) A sample 12 node deployment of Passing Tone and UsenetDHT supports a partial Usenet feed of 2.5 Mbyte/s (processing over 80 Tbyte of data per year), while providing 30 Mbyte/s of read throughput, limited currently by disk s

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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The effect of hair bundle shape on hair bundle hydrodynamics of sensory cells in the inner ear

The effect of hair bundle shape on hair bundle hydrodynamics...

引用

作者： Shatz, Lisa F. (Lisa Fran) Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

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