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Nonvolatile hologram storage in BaTiO₃

Nonvolatile hologram storage in BaTiO₃

引用

作者： McNamara, Thomas William Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

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CoMo : a whiteboard that converses about code

CoMo : a whiteboard that converses about code

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作者： Sabisch, Andrew Thomas Correa Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Software engineers routinely solve problems by brainstorming at whiteboards. Among other modes, they communicate with speech and sketch. Unfortunately, the whiteboard plays the role of a passive medium. It serves only as a place to draw. But what if it could engage in the conversation, even to a limited degree? Ideally it would help guide the engineers to a solution by being an active participant in the conversation. This thesis presents an early version of that vision: CoMo, a whiteboard that converses about code. CoMo is capable of engaging its user in a constrained mixed-initiative symmetric-multimodal conversation about a data structure manipulation. When it understands the data structure, it uses a code synthesis system to generate functioning C code. It can successfully hold a limited conversation and synthesize code for 50 manipulations on 8 data structures. This thesis further presents findings from an observational user study that helped guide the interaction with CoMo. Finally, this thesis presents the mixed-initiative code-generation framework that CoMo implements to achieve its interaction, and the insights about having limited natural conversations about data structure manipulations that were gleaned while creating the framework.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Design and transformation of three dimensional pupils : diffractive and subwavelength

Design and transformation of three dimensional pupils : diff...

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作者： Gao, Hanhong Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Three dimensional pupils are investigated in both diffractive and subwavelength regimes and in various applications to shape the flow of light. In diffractive regime, volume holograms are good candidates for pupils of optical imaging systems thanks to their three--dimensional structure, which provides richer design flexibility compared to conventional two--dimensional pupils. In this thesis, I will propose the system design as well as the optimization of depth selectivity for enhancing the signal--to--noise ratio of ground--based imaging system for the detection of artificial satellites. In addition, deformations of volume hologram pupils promise additional opportunities to design further, more sophisticated point spread functions which are potentially useful for many imaging purposes. Deformations using multiple point indenters will be investigated in terms of both forward and inverse problems. Bulk transformation is a more general approach for pupil design. The physical relationship between transformation and resulting point spread function will be discussed by deriving the corresponding analytical expressions. In subwavelength regime, I will explore the realization of key materials properties including inhomogeneity and anisotropy. Anisotropy can be implemented by elliptical rod lattices; and with anisotropy, cloaking and accommodation of different components of an optical device become possible. Inhomogeneity is discussed in the context of gradient--index media. The additional thin--film wave guidance effect along the third dimension due to fabrication constraints is investigated in detail with the proposal of an all--analytical solution.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Biorthogonality in lapped transforms : a study in high-quality audio compression

Biorthogonality in lapped transforms : a study in high-quali...

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作者： Cheung, Shiufun Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

The demand for high-quality audio in transmission systems such as Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and High-Definition TeleVision (HDTV), as well as commercial products such as the MiniDisc (MD) and the Digital Compact Cassette (DCC), has generated considerable interest in audio compression schemes. The common objective is to achieve high quality at a rate significantly smaller than the 16 bits/sample used in current Compact Disc (CD) and Digital Audio Tape (DAT) systems. This thesis explores the current state of audio compression research, placing special emphasis on one important aspect: the short-time spectral decomposition. In conventional audio coders, the short-time spectral decomposition serves to recast the audio signal in a representation that is not only amenable to perceptual modeling but also conducive to deriving transform coding gain. This decomposition is commonly achieved by a multirate filter bank, or equivalently, a lapped transform. Towards the goal of improving the performance of audio compression schemes, this thesis contains the formulation of a biorthogonal cosine-modulated filter bank which is a generalization of Malvar's extended lapped transform (ELT). The ELT, a popular implementation of cosine- modulated filter banks, is of particular interest because it forms the major building block of signal decomposition schemes in many audio coders. Conventional lapped transforms are designed to be orthogonal filter banks in which the analysis and synthesis filters are identical. Allowing the analysis and synthesis filters to differ leads to a biorthogonal transform which has more degrees of design freedom than its orthogonal counterpart. The thesis contains proofs for three special cases and for the general case that the incorporation of biorthogonality into an M-channel ELT yields an increase of M/2 degrees of freedom. This additional flexibility allows the design of synthesis filter banks with improved sidelobe behavior which should be beneficial to

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Electromagnetic field computation and photonic band gap devices

Electromagnetic field computation and photonic band gap devi...

引用

作者： Chen, Jerry C. (Jerry Chia-yung) Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

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Algebraic methods in randomness and pseudorandomness

Algebraic methods in randomness and pseudorandomness

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作者： Kopparty, Swastik Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Algebra and randomness come together rather nicely in computation. A central example of this relationship in action is the Schwartz-Zippel lemma and its application to the fast randomized checking of polynomial identities. In this thesis, we further this relationship in two ways: (1) by compiling new algebraic techniques that are of potential computational interest, and (2) demonstrating the relevance of these techniques by making progress on several questions in randomness and pseudorandomness. The technical ingredients we introduce include: " Multiplicity-enhanced versions of the Schwartz-Zippel lenina and the "polynomial method", extending their applicability to "higher-degree" polynomials. " Conditions for polynomials to have an unusually small number of roots. " Conditions for polynomials to have an unusually structured set of roots, e.g., containing a large linear space. Our applications include: * Explicit constructions of randomness extractors with logarithmic seed and vanishing "entropy loss". " Limit laws for first-order logic augmented with the parity quantifier on random graphs (extending the classical 0-1 law). " Explicit dispersers for affine sources of imperfect randomness with sublinear entropy.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Communication in decentralized control

Communication in decentralized control

引用

作者： Teneketzis, Demosthenis Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

In the first part of the thesis the Real Time Feedforward Communication Problem (P) and the Real Time Noiseless Feedback Communication Problem (P') are considered. Two Real Time Distortion Rate Problems are presented whose solution provides lower bounds to (P) and (P'). These bounds are shown to lie above the lower bound provided by the classical Rate Distortion Problem. In the second part, the Centralized Filtering Problem (N) is formu- lated using an Information Theoretic Approach, and a Real Tﬂme Distortion Rate Problem is presented whose solution provides a lower bound to (N). The similarities and Differences between the Real Time Comunication Problem and the Centralized Filtering Problem are discussed. Finally, two decentralized Filtering Problems are formulated, and lower bounds to these problems are provided via the solution of a Real Time Distortion Rate Problem and a Linear Filtering Problem.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Induction machine stray loss from inter-bar currents

Induction machine stray loss from inter-bar currents

引用

作者： Englebretson, Steven Carl Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Stray load loss refers generally to the sources of induction machine loss not accounted for by typical calculations of primary or secondary copper loss, no load core loss, or friction and windage loss. Harmonic rotor bar currents from the non-sinusoidal distribution of the slotted stator winding contribute significant stray load loss. Rotor bars, especially on cast rotors for machines under fifty horsepower (37.3 kW), can be skewed, helically twisted from one end to the other, to reduce loss, torque, and noise from alignment of rotor and stator slots and from harmonic rotor currents. Interbar currents flowing circumferentially through the laminations between skewed and non-insulated rotor bars can significantly increase stray load loss. Presented equations adjust the effective rotor resistance and skew factor of the extended per-phase induction machine equivalent circuit model in order to account for the impact of inter-bar currents. The average value of resistance between neighboring rotor bars significantly impacts calculations of rotor bar and inter-bar current and loss and has been determined for a number of measured rotors. Rotors fit into one of two distinct categories where either the bar-to-lamination contact resistance dominates the inter-bar resistance or the total resistance divides more equally between values of bar, lamination, and contact resistance. Performance calculations using the adjusted equivalent circuit model are verified theoretically against previous calculation methods and experimentally by comparison to measured test results including variations in rotor skew, conductor conductivity, and inter-bar resistance. (cont.) A number of different cast copper and aluminum five and ten horsepower test induction motors performed differently than originally predicted and variably between nominally identical machines. Inter-bar currents are part of the cause of both the variation and additional losses measured on these machines. The adjusted equivalent

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Efficient numerical algorithms for surface formulations of mathematical models for biomolecule analysis and design

Efficient numerical algorithms for surface formulations of m...

引用

作者： Bardhan, Jaydeep Porter Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

This thesis presents a set of numerical techniques that extend and improve computational modeling approaches for biomolecule analysis and design. The presented research focuses on surface formulations of modeling problems related to the estimation of the energetic cost to transfer a biomolecule from the gas phase to aqueous solution. The thesis discusses four contributions to modeling biomolecular interactions. First, the thesis presents an approach to allow accurate discretization of the most prevalent mathematical definitions of the biomolecule-solvent interface; also presented are a number of accurate techniques for numerically integrating possibly singular functions over the discretized surfaces. Such techniques are essential for solving surface formulations numerically. The second part of the thesis presents a fast multiscale numerical algorithm, FFTSVD, that efficiently solves large boundary-element method problems in biomolecule electrostatics. The algorithm synthesizes elements of other popular fast algorithms to achieve excellent efficiency and flexibility. The third thesis component describes an integral-equation formulation and boundary-element method implementation for biomolecule electrostatic analysis. (cont.) The formulation and implementation allow the solution of complicated molecular topologies and physical models. Furthermore, by applying the methods developed in the first half of the thesis, the implementation can deliver superior accuracy for competitive performance. Finally, the thesis describes a highly efficient numerical method for calculating a biomolecular charge distribution that minimizes the free energy' change of binding to another molecule. The approach, which represents a novel PDE-constrained methodology, builds on well-developed physical theory. Computational results illustrate not only the method's improved performance but also its application to realistic biomolecule problems.

关键词： electrical engineering and computer science

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Speech enhancement : identification and modeling of stationary time-frequency regions

Speech enhancement : identification and modeling of stationa...

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作者： Yoo, Chang D. (Chang Dong) Massachusetts Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

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