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Listless block-tree set partitioning algorithm for very low bit rate embedded image compression

AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第12期66卷 985-995页

作者： Senapati, Ranjan K. Pati, Umesh C. Mahapatra, Kamala Kanta Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Rourkela 769008 Orissa India

This paper presents a listless implementation of wavelet based block tree coding (WBTC) algorithm of varying root block sizes. WBTC algorithm improves the image compression performance of set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) at lower rates by efficiently encoding both inter and intra scale correlation using block trees. Though WBTC lowers the memory requirement by using block trees compared to SPIHT, it makes use of three ordered auxiliary lists. This feature makes WBTC undesirable for hardware implementation;as it needs a lot of memory management when the list nodes grow exponentially on each pass. The proposed listless implementation of WBTC algorithm uses special markers instead of lists. This reduces dynamic memory requirement by 88% with respect to WBTC and 89% with respect to SPIHT. The proposed algorithm is combined with discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to show its superiority over DCT and DWT based embedded coders, including JPEG 2000 at lower rates. The compression performance on most of the standard test images is nearly same as WBTC, and outperforms SPIHT by a wide margin particularly at lower bit rates. Crown Copyright (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： No list SPIHT Wavelet block tree coding Listless block tree coder Listless block tree DCT Image compression embedded coder

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Image fidelity estimation from received embedded bitstream

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2020年第3期14卷 465-472页

作者： Baig, Md Amir Moinuddin, Athar A. Khan, Ekram Ghanbari, M. Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn ZH Coll Engn & Technol Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India Univ Tehran Sch Elect & Comp Engn Coll Engn Tehran Iran Univ Essex Sch Comp Sci & Elect Engn Colchester Essex England

Despite the fact that mean squared error (MSE) is the most widely used image/video fidelity criterion, it requires the availability of original image and large computational resources for its computation. The non-availability of original images limits the use of MSE as a quality metric in many practical scenarios. This paper proposes to use MSE reduction (MSER) with reference to null image for estimating the fidelity of images decoded from embedded bitstreams without the original image. MSER is generally used for rate allocation, optimal error protection, etc. However, MSER gives information about the improvement in fidelity of decoded image, rather than its absolute value. It is proposed to estimate MSE from MSERf\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\textit{MSER}}_f$$\end{document} (MSE reduction in lossless bitstream) and MSERd\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\textit{MSER}}_d$$\end{document} (MSE reduction at desired bitrate/fidelity). The MSERd\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\textit{MSER}}_d$$\end{document} can be calculated at decoder side while decoding the embedded bitstream at desired rate. MSERf\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\textit{MSER}}_f$$\end{document} is fixed and independent

关键词： Image fidelity quality estimation PSNR MSE estimation SPIHT embedded coder MSE reduction

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Integration of Battery Charging Process for EVs Into Segmented Three-Phase Motor Drive With V2G-Mode Capability

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2021年第4期68卷 2834-2844页

作者： Raherimihaja, Henri Josephson Zhang, Qianfan Xu, Guoqiang Zhang, Xi Harbin Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

The integration of nine-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines (nine-phase PMSMs), employed in on-board integrated battery charger for electric vehicles (EVs), into three-phase grid generates an inevitable torque fluctuation in charging and vehicles to grid (V2G) modes. This undesirable torque, which is the source of motor vibration and noise, is due to the interaction among the zero-sequence current, triplen harmonics (third and ninth) of induced back electromotive force, and rotor position. In this article, a new solution for nine-winding integrated battery chargers of EVs is considered. A segmented three-phase PMSM with nine windings is used to replace the nine-phase PMSMs. With this configuration, the system has the advantage of torque-free in charging/V2G mode, low core loss, and simple control (based on the three-phase control) in both traction and charging/V2G modes, with the privilege of employing the reduced number of sensor and with no additional new elements. Through proper three-phase control strategy, the system operates under unity power factor with total harmonic distortion below 5%. Control strategies for charging, V2G, and motoring are given;moreover, the simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Torque Batteries Vehicle-to-grid Battery chargers Inverters Stator windings Windings Electric vehicles (EVs) embedded coder integrated charger segmented three-phase machine vehicles to grid (V2G)

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Volumetric medical image compression using 3D listless embedded block partitioning

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SPRINGERPLUS 2016年第1期5卷 1页

作者： Senapati, Ranjan K. Prasad, P. M. K. Swain, Gandharba Shankar, T. N. KL Univ Dept ECE Guntur 522502 Andhra Pradesh India GMR Inst Technol Rajam 532127 Srikakulam India KL Univ Dept CSE Guntur 522502 Andhra Pradesh India

This paper presents a listless variant of a modified three-dimensional (3D)-block coding algorithm suitable for medical image compression. A higher degree of correlation is achieved by using a 3D hybrid transform. The 3D hybrid transform is performed by a wavelet transform in the spatial dimension and a Karhunen-Loueve transform in the spectral dimension. The 3D transformed coefficients are arranged in a one-dimensional (1D) fashion, as in the hierarchical nature of the wavelet-coefficient distribution strategy. A novel listless block coding algorithm is applied to the mapped 1D coefficients which encode in an ordered-bit-plane fashion. The algorithm originates from the most significant bit plane and terminates at the least significant bit plane to generate an embedded bit stream, as in 3D-SPIHT. The proposed algorithm is called 3D hierarchical listless block (3D-HLCK), which exhibits better compression performance than that exhibited by 3D-SPIHT. Further, it is highly competitive with some of the state-of-the-art 3D wavelet coders for a wide range of bit rates for magnetic resonance, digital imaging and communication in medicine and angiogram images. 3D-HLCK provides rate and resolution scalability similar to those provided by 3D-SPIHT and 3D-SPECK. In addition, a significant memory reduction is achieved owing to the listless nature of 3D-HLCK.

关键词： 3D hierarchical listless embedded block Set partitioning in hierarchical trees Volumetric compression embedded coder Peak-signal-to-noise-ratio

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REDUCED SWITCHING ANALYSIS-BASED SPACE VECTOR MODULATION ALGORITHM FOR MULTILEVEL INVERTERS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS 2019年第2期39卷 64-76页

作者： Jayal, Poonam Bhuvaneswari, Gurumoorthy Indian Inst Technol Delhi Dept Elect Engn New Delhi India

This paper proposes a generalized and mathematically less intensive algorithm for implementing space vector pulse-width modulation in multilevel inverters. It simplifies the space vector diagram (SVD) of a (2(n) + 1)-level inverter, stepwise, into a basic two-level case using "n" pivot vectors and proposes a considerable reduction in the switching analysis based on a noteworthy relationship elucidated and established between the switching sequences of the various two-level hexagons of the multilevel SVD. It is proposed that the switching sequences of a (2(n) + 1)-level inverter with 6(n) two-level hexagons in its SVD can be derived by investigating the switching combinations of merely 2(n) two-level hexagons, irrespective of the voltage source inverter topology, thereby reducing the memory requirements for lookup tables and the computation time of the processor considerably. The algorithm has been successfully simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and experimentally verified on the laboratory prototypes of multiple multilevel topologies. Experimental implementation using a digital signal processor (DSP) with the embedded coder tool from Simulink toolbox obviates the need for conventional DSP programming, adding to the simplicity of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Cascaded H bridge inverter multilevel inverter neutral point clamped inverter space vector pulse-width modulation digital signal processor embedded coder

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High fidelity image compression with multithreshold wavelet coding (MTWC)

High fidelity image compression with multithreshold wavelet ...

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Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XX

作者： Wang, HJ Kuo, CCJ Univ. of Southern California (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819425869

A new embedded wavelet coder called the multithreshold wavelet coder (MTWC) was proposed in this research. The new coder was motivated by a careful analysis of the rate-distortion performance and the coding efficiency of existing embedded wavelet coders. Unlike other proposed embedded wavelet coders which use a single initial threshold in their successive approximate quantization (SAQ), MTWC uses different initial thresholds in different subbands and applies a subband decision scheme to decide which subband should be coded in sequence. It is shown with experimental results that MTWC has a better rate-distortion tradeoff at higher bit rates and a lower computational complexity than other embedded wavelet coders. Furthermore, MTWC can be easily applied to an image coder with the wavelet packet transform, whose performance is significantly better than the image coder with the pyramid wavelet transform for texture-dominant imagery.

关键词： high fidelity image compression embedded coder wavelet coder layered zero coder

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V/f Control of Five Phase Induction Machine Implemented on DSP using Simulink coder 13

V/f Control of Five Phase Induction Machine Implemented on D...

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13th International ELEKTRO Conference (ELEKTRO)

作者： Kyslan, Karol Lacko, Milan Ferkova, Zelmira Zaskalicky, Pavel Tech Univ Kosice Fac Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn & Mechatron Kosice Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175423

This paper deals with the V/f control of a five-phase induction machine. Carrier-based sinusoidal PWM modulation for five phases is presented together with an open-loop and closed-loop control structure. The implementation of the algorithm is provided with the automated code generation and pure Simulink-based solution is shown in the paper. Experimental results, realized on Texas Instruments F28335 DSP, illustrating the performance of the five phase VSI prototype and five phase induction machine on both open-loop and closed-loop control structures, are included and mutually compared.

关键词： embedded coder five phase F28335 induction motor Simulink coder scalar control open-loop

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Color Image Coding Using a Novel Block Based embedded Technique 11

Color Image Coding Using a Novel Block Based Embedded Techni...

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11th Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON)

作者： Senapati, Ranjan K. Prasad, P. M. K. KL Univ Dept ECE Green Fields Vaddeswaram 522502 Andhra Pradesh India GMR Inst Technol Dept ECE Rajam 532127 Andhra Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479953646

In this paper, an efficient, low memory embedded wavelet based color image coding technique is presented. The proposed algorithm is a listless variant of improved color set partitioning embedded block coding (CSPECK) algorithm. The inter-dependency among color planes is exploited by using novel clustering arrangement of luminance and chrominance subbands. This facilitate to encode simultaneously inter and intra subbands of luminance and chrominance components located at the same spatial locations in a hierarchical wavelet arrangement. This technique shows a significant improvement of peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) values in most of the standard color images and videos at lower bit rates. The memory requirement of the coder is reduced by almost 84% than CSPECK.

关键词： Image compression embedded coder Set partitioning in hierarchical trees Set partitioning embedded block Peak signal to noise ratio

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MATLAB Function Based Approach to FOC of PMSM Drive 9

MATLAB Function Based Approach to FOC of PMSM Drive

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UKSim-AMSS 9th IEEE European Modelling Symposium on Computer Modelling and Simulation (EMS)

作者： Kivanc, Omer Cihan Ozturk, Salih Buis Okan Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-34959 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781509002061

In this study, modeling and simulation of a speed sensored field-oriented control (FOC) of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is developed by using MATLAB Function blocks in MATLAB/Simulink. This method allows easier algorithm and software development stages for experimental studies compared to the classical block diagram approach. The superiority of the method over commonly used "Code Generation" tools is also emphasized. First, a MATLAB/Simulink model of the FOC of PMSM drive is developed by using MATLAB programming in MATLAB Functions similar to C coding techniques. The results of the simulation are presented. Then, the MATLAB programming based codes developed in simulation are implemented in a TMS320F28335 floating-point MCU by using C programming language and the experimental results are obtained. Finally, the results of the simulation and experiments are compared.

关键词： Permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM AC motor drive field-oriented control FOC speed control modeling simulation MATLAB/Simulink MATLAB Function embedded coder Digital Motor Control DMC

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Eine Anleitung zur Entwicklung von Simulink-Targets für die Lehre 10

Eine Anleitung zur Entwicklung von Simulink-Targets für die...

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10th Dagstuhl-Workshop Modellbasierte Entwicklung Eingebetteter Systeme, MBEES 2014 - 10th Dagstuhl-Workshop on Model-Based Development of embedded Systems, MBEES 2014

作者： Trankle, Frank Automotive Systems Engineering Hochschule Heilbronn Max-Planck-Str. 39 HeilbronnD-74081 Germany

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