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Impact of trade liberalisation on employment patterns: The experience of India's organised manufacturing

TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS REVIEW 2023年第4期15卷 1-12页

作者： Jadhav, Kishor Arora, Kashika Indian Inst Foreign Trade Ctr WTO Studies New Delhi India

This study investigates the impact of trade liberalisation on employment levels at three different employment patterns in India's organised manufacturing industry. These employment patterns apply to three types of workers who face disadvantages: contract vs. regular, women vs. men, and unskilled vs. skilled. A theoretical and empirical framework linking employment patterns to trade, foreign investment, R&D intensity, and capital intensity has been developed and tested for a sample of Indian organised manufacturing industries using a panel analysis with a fixed effect model. The findings suggest that trade has a negative impact on employment overall. Imports and foreign investment have a statistically significant impact on employment levels. As a result, the government should identify industries that get a large amount of Foreign Direct Investment. International corporations have no detrimental effect on manufacturing employment in India when compared to their domestic competitors, and they pay their employees substantially more.

关键词： employment patterns International trade Foreign investment R&D intensity Manufacturing industry

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Attractiveness of Japanese firms to international job applicants: the effects of belongingness, uniqueness, and employment patterns

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ASIAN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 2020年第1期19卷 118-144页

作者： Huang, Liang Yang, Yunyue Sekiguchi, Tomoki Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Econ Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068501 Japan

This article investigates factors related to the attractiveness of Japanese firms to international job applicants. The results of the policy-capturing study, using samples from 116 international students with 928 observations, found that Japanese workplaces that provide employees with a sense of belongingness and a sense of uniqueness in addition to having the performance-based rather than seniority-based employment patterns increase organizational attractiveness to international job applicants. We also found that the effect of uniqueness on organizational attractiveness depends on the applicant's academic qualifications, the level of language skills, and the degree of embeddedness in the applicant's community.

关键词： Organizational attractiveness Inclusion employment patterns Japan

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Eric Ed303627: employment patterns for Agricultural Education Graduates in 1987: a National Study

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2016年

Eric Ed303627: employment patterns for Agricultural Education Graduates in 1987: a National Study. by Eric; published by

关键词： agricultural agricultural education college graduates demand ed303627: education employment employment patterns eric archive extension education followup studies higher education job placement outcomes of education teacher supply vocational education

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Eric Ed136860: the Dental Hygienist: a Study of the employment patterns of Registered Dental Hygienists in Southern Maryland

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2016年

[Auto Generated] CHAPTER, PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 THE POPULATION 3 THE FINDINGS 6 employment 6 Unemployed Hygienists 6 Dental Hygienists Who Have Been Unable to Find Positions . 9 Hygienists Who are Graduates of Montgomery County High Schools 13 Opinions of the Hygienists 17 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 18 APPENDIX Dental Hygiene Education Survey Questionnaire 23

关键词： community colleges dental dental hygienists ed136860: employment employment level employment opportunities employment patterns eric archive hygienist: hygienists institutional research labor market occupational surveys questionnaires two year colleges

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Future public pensions and changing employment patterns across birth cohorts*

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JOURNAL OF PENSION ECONOMICS & FINANCE 2014年第2期13卷 172-209页

作者： Geyer, Johannes Steiner, Viktor DIW Berlin D-10117 Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Dept Econ D-14195 Berlin Germany

We analyse the impacts of changing employment patterns and pension reforms on the future level of public pensions across birth cohorts in Germany. The analysis is based on a microsimulation model and a rich data set that combines household survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) and process-produced microdata from the German pension insurance. We account for cohort effects in individual employment and unemployment affecting earnings over the life cycle as well as the differential impact of recent pension reforms. For individuals born between 1937 and 1971, cohort effects vary greatly by region, gender and education, and strongly affect life cycle earnings profiles. The largest effects can be observed for younger cohorts in East Germany and for the low educated. Using simulated life cycle employment and income profiles, we project gross future pensions across cohorts taking into account changing demographics and recent pension reforms. Simulations show that pension levels for East German men and women will fall dramatically among younger birth cohorts, not only because of policy reforms but also due to higher cumulated unemployment. For West German men, the small reduction of average pension levels among younger birth cohorts is mainly driven by the impact of pension reforms, while future pension levels of West German women are increasing or stable due to rising labour market participation of younger birth cohorts.

关键词： public pensions cohort effects pension reform employment patterns J26 J11 H55

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Managerialism, accreditation and insecure academic employment across different higher education traditions

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STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2024年第11期49卷 2080-2103页

作者： Pineda, Pedro Morales, Diego Salazar Univ Bath Dept Educ Bath BA2 7AY England Leiden Univ Inst Publ Adm Leiden Netherlands

Through multilevel regression analysis, we examine the impact of managerialism, particularly accreditation practices, on the increasing job insecurity in universities. We find that universities that are accredited, private, secular or non-Catholic are more likely to offer insecure jobs, but that the relevance of these factors depends on each country's academic tradition. Universities in the USA tend to offer more job security, whilst those in Chile are the only ones with a trend toward increasing the proportion of permanent positions. Accreditation is a good predictor of job insecurity in the USA, yet it is unrelated in Colombia and Germany, and it has an inverse effect in Chile. In the USA, we argue that accreditation serves as a conduit for managerial pressure, forcing universities to invest more in administrative bureaucracies to legitimise their academic quality, often at the expense of job stability. In Colombia and Germany, we argue that universities may hire administrators responsive to accrediting agencies that do not promote nor strengthen the academic profession. The concept of decoupling allows describing these countries' inverse relationship, or lack of direct relationship, between accreditation and job security. In contrast, Chilean universities show an integration between accreditation rituals and contracting practices aimed at job security. Our findings advance our knowledge of managerialism and higher education expansion by revealing its links to academic employment.

关键词： Permanent contracts academic tenure employment patterns part-time faculty accreditation

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The Implementation of AI in Examining J,S and Ep in Workplace 4

The Implementation of AI in Examining J,S and Ep in Workplac...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering, ICACITE 2024

作者： Gulati, Chanda Sankpal, Shilpa Chauhan, Abhijeet Singh Prestige Institute of Management and Research Department of Management Gwalior India Department of Management Indore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360165

This has thus brought broader discussions with respect to the impact it could make regarding jobs, skills, and employment patterns as AI becomes integrated into work processes. This research paper tries to demonstrate the multifarious changes that AI is going to usher in the modern workplace and the complex dynamics that are influencing the future of work. The first section discusses changes to the job roles, whereby AI technologies will automate the routine tasks and augment human capabilities. It measures that some jobs are going to disappear while others are undergoing radical change, all leading to new class formations of employment. The article also puts its focus on the potential by which AI can better workers' jobs by relieving them of mundane duties and allowing them to concentrate on activities that need creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. Second, this paper considers the skills necessary in an AI-driven economy and derives what should be done for workforce development. It illustrates the increase in importance of such key areas of digital literacy and data analysis and problem-solving. However, it also underscores continued importance for person-centered attributes like empathy and flexibility. The paper also looks at the question of lifelong learning and upskilling initiatives that actually provide the people with the right competencies to live effectively in the environment driven by AI. It further explores how the distribution, rewards, and the nature of work-related patterns that are constituted by AI are going to change. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： AI Integration Automation Digital Literacy employment patterns Ethical Considerations Human Augmentation Job Roles Lifelong Learning Skills Demand Workforce Transformation

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Introduction to the special issue: multiple jobholding in Europe

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TRANSFER-EUROPEAN REVIEW OF LABOUR AND RESEARCH 2021年第2期27卷 141-147页

作者： Conen, Wieteke Schulze Buschoff, Karin Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands WSI Dusseldorf Germany Free Univ Berlin Berlin Germany

In a number of European countries there is a clear trend towards increased multiple jobholding. As things stand, however, little is known about the structure and the potential consequences of this increase, notably in terms of quality of work and social protection. This special issue focuses on contemporary forms of multiple jobholding in Europe. Have the structure, nature and dynamics of multiple jobholding changed over time? What are the roles of labour market flexibility, technological change and work fragmentation in the development of multiple jobholding? And do multiple jobholders benefit from similar and adequate employment terms, conditions and protections compared with single jobholders, or are they worse off as a consequence of their (fragmented) employment situation? What implications do these findings have for unions, policy-makers and the regulation of work? The collection of articles in this special issue adds to the literature on emerging forms of employment in the digital age and challenges for social protection, also in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This introduction initiates a discussion of central debates on multiple jobholding and presents a synopsis of the articles in this issue.

关键词： employment patterns income groups job quality multiple jobholding moonlighting platform economy social security

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Lifelong learning and the continued participation of older Norwegian adults in employment

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 2019年第1期54卷 48-59页

作者： Midtsundstad, Tove Nielsen, Roy A. Fafo Inst Labour & Social Res POB 2947 Toeyen N-0608 Oslo Norway

The number of people aged 60 and over across the globe is expected to double by 2050, reaching a share of more than 20 percent of the population total. Governments are therefore taking more and more policy actions to encourage ageing workers to extend their working lives and their employers to retain them. According to the OECD lifelong learning opportunities and inclusive labour markets will be essential to ensuring that workers of all educational backgrounds have the possibility of extending their working lives. This article examines the relationship between adult education completed after age 40 and the subsequent active participation of older adults in employment, using individual register data from Statistics Norway. The results show a substantial effect of upgrading formal education on subsequent labour market participation. Overall effects are quite similar for males and females. Attaining a lower level tertiary degree has the largest impact on labour market participation both for males and females. Completing a secondary education has a strong, long term impact among males. The results suggest that facilitating access to formal education among older workers may be an important contribution to extending working lives.

关键词： Lifelong Learning Older Adults employment patterns Adult Education Foreign Countries Labor MarketNorway

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Factors affecting Modern Apprenticeship completion in Scotland

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019年第1期23卷 27-50页

作者： Greig, Malcolm Skills Dev Scotland Glasgow Lanark Scotland Heriot Watt Univ Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

Completing an apprenticeship has been shown to be critical to an individual's future employment, earnings and career development when compared with apprentices who do not complete. International research, notably in England, Australia and Germany, has identified factors specific to the apprentice, employer and training provision that are associated with a higher chance of completion. However, to date, there has been no comparable research in Scotland, which operates its own distinct and well-established apprenticeship system. Based on the factors identified in other countries, logistic regression was conducted on records of apprenticeship leavers in Scotland, covering the period from 2007 to 2015. Data for a total of 78,952 leavers were analysed, consisting of 59,737 completers and 19,215 non-completers. It was found that women are more likely to complete an apprenticeship than men, while those from deprived areas are less likely to complete. Apprentices employed by a large employer, those receiving training from public sector organizations and those studying for selected technical subjects are more likely to complete, as are apprentices living in an area with a high local unemployment rate. The paper considers the reasons why some apprentices are more likely to complete than others and discusses the implications for apprenticeship policy in Scotland and beyond.

关键词： Foreign Countries Apprenticeships Dropouts Educational Attainment Gender Differences Disadvantaged employment patterns Public Sector PolicyUnited Kingdom (Scotland)

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