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Microwave Processing of Syntactic Foam From an Expandable Thermoset/Thermoplastic Mixture

POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 2015年第8期55卷 1818-1828页

作者： Hong, Yifeng Fang, Xudong Yao, Donggang Georgia Inst Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

In this work, a microwave expansion process to produce thermoset-matrix syntactic foam containing thermoplastic foam beads was designed and developed. Expandable polystyrene (EPS) microspheres and epoxy resin were chosen as a model material system. This process is featured with a capability to effectively expand EPS microspheres in syntactic foam with high EPS loading. The resin viscosity and specific microwave energy are found to be the two primary control parameters determining the process window. Mechanical characterization showed that the specific flexural strength and modulus of the syntactic foam are similar to those of the neat epoxy. By comparison, the flexural moduli over density squared or cubed of the foam are much higher, especially at high EPS loadings, than those of the neat resin. The foamed EPS microspheres can also effectively toughen the syntactic foam, preventing propagation of cracks. Furthermore, the microwave expansion process was found to be capable of molding syntactic foam parts of relatively sophisticated geometry with smooth surfaces.(C) 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： MICROWAVE syntax process window SYNTACTIC FOAMS Foam Foam Dosage Form Crack propagation exophthalmos producing substance Epoxy Resins encapsulated postscript expansion process

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Emerging investigator series: inhibition and recovery of anaerobic granular sludge performance in response to short-term polystyrene nanoparticle exposure

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 2018年第12期4卷 1902-1911页

作者： Feng, Yue Feng, Li-Juan Liu, Shu-Chang Duan, Jian-Lu Zhang, Yi-Bing Li, Shi-Chang Sun, Xiao-Dong Wang, Shu-Guang Yuan, Xian-Zheng Shandong Univ Sch Environm Sci & Engn Shandong Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Resource 72 Rd Binhai Qingdao 266237 Shandong Peoples R China China Agr Univ Yantai Acad Coll Sci & Engn Yantai 264670 Shandong Peoples R China

Anaerobic treatment systems play an important role in treating nanoplastic-containing wastewater, such as textile dyeing wastewater. However, the influence of nanoplastics on anaerobic granular sludge (AGS), a key parameter determining the performance of anaerobic bioreactors, has not received sufficient attention. In this study, inhibition and recovery of AGS performances in response to short-term polystyrene (PS) nanoparticle exposure were investigated. Results showed that cationic PS nanoparticles (PS-NH2) had higher inhibition capacity on methane production than anionic PS nanoparticles (PS-SO3H). At the end of the first cycle, cumulative methane production was reduced by 22.98% and 17.47% by exposure to 20 mu g mL(-1) PS-NH2 and 100 mu g mL(-1) PS-SO3H, respectively. However, the system recovered in the second cycle of experiments. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration had no obvious relationship to PS nanoparticle addition. Both functionalized PS nanoparticles could change the protein secondary structures of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and penetrate EPS matrix into AGS at specific concentration. The response of AGS was explored through bacterial and archaeal communities as well as the relative abundance of methanogenic functional genes. These results elucidated the complex interactions of AGS, EPS and PS-NPs, which will expand the knowledge on the stability of AGS under short-term exposure to nanoplastics.

关键词： Nanoparticles Methanogenesis Sewage sludge ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS nanoplastic grainstone Silver methane production exophthalmos producing substance encapsulated postscript Polystyrenes

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Gradient reduced aeration in an enhanced aerobic granular sludge process optimizes the dominant microbial community and its function

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 2018年第5期4卷 680-688页

作者： Zhang, Zhiming Yu, Zhuodong Zhu, Liang Yu, Haitian Dai, Xin Xu, Xiangyang Alvarez, Pedro J. J. Zhejiang Univ Inst Environm Pollut Control & Treatment Dept Environm Engn 866 Yuhangtang Rd Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China Rice Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn 6100 Main St Houston TX 77005 USA

The laboratory-scale aerobic sludge process was used to treat municipal sewage using a novel energy-saving aeration strategy. For comparison, two strategies of regulation (reducing the aeration directly and reducing the aeration gradually) were operated in parallel. Results showed that using an operation strategy with reduced aeration during the famine period led to a significant reduction of energy consumption (p < 0.01). Much of the aerobic sludge was washed out and granular sludge disintegrated irreversibly when the direct reduction of aeration was applied;the MLSS dropped gradually from 6.33 g L-1 to 1.94 g L-1 and the SVI reached 325 mL g(-1). At the same time, the zeta potential and sludge yield rose from -17.3 mV and 1.13 kg MLSS per kg COD to -20.7 mV and 1.96 kg MLSS per kg COD, respectively. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N, TN and COD decreased to 61%, 48% and 82%, respectively. Leadbetterella spp., which belongs to the phylum Sphingobacteria, became the dominant microorganism in the bioreactor. By contrast, when the gradient reduced aeration strategy was applied, Shannon diversity indices increased significantly (p < 0.01) and the aerobic granular structure remained stable, revealing that the richness and diversity of the aerobic sludge were retained. FISH results revealed that the enrichment of functional microorganisms such as Zoogloea spp. for EPS secretion enriched in the inner part of the granular sludge. Results of 2-DE demonstrated that four extracellular proteins PPIase, pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase, OprF and OMP, which can secrete EPS, were enriched in the stable granules under the condition of gradient reduced aeration. Therefore, a scientific method to regulate the structural stability of the aerobic granular sludge was achieved in this study.

关键词： COD Ventilation encapsulated postscript Municipal waste water exophthalmos producing substance Sewage sludge chemical oxygen demand Aeration Gradient grainstone microflora

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A neural network approach to adaptive protective systems problem in the complex power generating units

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2000年第4期15卷 291-302页

作者： Halinka, A Sowa, P Szewczyk, M Sztandera, L Philadelphia Univ Philadelphia PA 19144 USA Silesian Tech Univ PL-44100 Gliwice Poland

Practical successes have been achieved with neural network models in a variety of domains, including energy-related industry. The large, complex design space of electrical power systems (EPS) is only minimally explored in current practice. The satisfactory results that nevertheless have been obtained testify that: neural networks are a robust modeling technology;at the same time, however, the lack of a systematic design approach implies that the best neural network models generally remain undiscovered for most applications. This paper presents an approach to an adaptive protective systems problem in the complex power generating units. First, we demonstrate the complex interdependencies between various parameters of EPS protection systems. We then present an approach, based on protection and adaptation criteria, for designing a neural network based adaptive protection system. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

关键词： design approach complex power encapsulated postscript Neural network Neural Networks (Computer) protection system

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Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides from an enthomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris NG3

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BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS 2003年第2期19卷 428-435页

作者： Kim, SW Xu, CP Hwang, HJ Choi, JW Kim, CW Yun, JW Daegu Univ Dept Biotechnol Kyungsan 712714 Kyungbuk South Korea Daegu Univ Dept Nat Resources Kyungsan 712714 Kyungbuk South Korea Daegu Univ Ctr Lab Facil Kyungsan 712714 Kyungbuk South Korea

Optimization of the submerged culture conditions for the mycelial growth and production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a newly isolated Cordyceps species (C. militaris NG3) was studied in flask cultures. The optimal temperature and initial pH for EPS production were 30 degreesC and 8.0, respectively. Sucrose (30 g/L) and corn steep powder (10 g/L) were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for both mycelial growth and EPS production. There was a distinguishable morphological changes in mycelium grown between organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. A smooth pellet growth with heavy hyphal thickness was observed in the medium containing organic nitrogen sources, whereas irregular pellets with less hairy region were formed in the medium containing inorganic nitrogen sources. More highly branched cells appearing in the medium of organic nitrogen sources seemed a favorable morphological form for both EPS production and mycelial growth. Under optimal culture conditions, the maximum concentrations of mycelial growth and EPS were 17.6 and 3.4 g/L in a 5-L stirred-tank fermenter. Four groups of EPSs (designated as Fr-I, Fr-II, Fr-III, and Fr-IV) were obtained from the culture filtrates by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index (RI) detector system. The weight-average molar masses of the Fr-I, Fr-II, Fr-III, and Fr-IV of EPS were determined to be 2.262 x 10(6), 3.348 x 10(5), 1.049 x 10(5), and 5.059 x 10(4) g/mol, respectively. All four EPSs showed very low polydispersity indices ranging from 1.00 to 1.18. The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shape of the Fr-I was a rigid sphere suspected to be an aggregate of complex polysaccharides, the Fr-II and Fr-III were nearly globular in shape, and the Fr-IV was an almost rodlike structure.

关键词： exopolysaccharides mycelial growth Cordyceps militaris Nitrogen sources Inorganic nitrogen Mycelium aggregates Cmax Culture exophthalmos producing substance encapsulated postscript

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NEW ANTIPSYCHOTICS - CLASSIFICATION, EFFICACY, AND ADVERSE-EFFECTS

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SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN 1991年第2期17卷 289-309页

作者： GERLACH, J ST HANS HOSP DEPT P DK-4000 ROSKILDE DENMARK

Compared to traditional neuroleptics, most of the new antipsychotics are characterized by a low extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) liability and varying antipsychotic efficacy. This topic is reviewed for four principal classes of new, established, and potential antipsychotics: (1) Antipsychotics such as sulpiride and remoxipride that block a subgroup of dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptors produce a relatively low level of side effects, including EPS, and have an antipsychotic effect equal to or slightly weaker than traditional neuroleptics. D1 antagonists demonstrate a low level of EPS in primates and may prove to be a valuable new type of antipsychotic drug. (2) Theoretically, partial D2 agonists have the advantage of producing few or no EPS and a specific beneficial effect in negative symptoms, but as yet the expectations have not been fulfilled. (3) Nondopamine drugs such as serotonin (5HT1) agonists, 5HT2 antagonists, 5HT3 antagonists, and gamma-amino-butyric-acid-A (GABA-A) benzodiazepine agonists have anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiaggressive, and maybe antiparkinsonian effects and may play an adjunctive role in the treatment of schizophrenia. 5HT3 antagonists (e.g., ondansetron), partial benzodiazepine agonists, and partial glutamate agonists may prove to be effective antipsychotics. (4) Antipsychotics such as clozapine and risperidone, which affect D2/D3 receptors as well as 5HT, alpha1, and/or D1 receptors appear to have the most pronounced antipsychotic effect.

关键词： Adverse Reaction Benzodiazepine Agonists Antipsychotic Agents Side Effect Glutamate Agonists LOW LEVEL Sulpiride Remoxipride Monohydrochloride Monohydrate Antipsychotic Effect exophthalmos producing substance Clozapine encapsulated postscript

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CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES PRODUCED BY RHIZOBACTERIA

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APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 1992年第2期38卷 248-253页

作者： HEBBAR, KP GUENIOT, B HEYRAUD, A COLINMOREL, P HEULIN, T BALANDREAU, J RINAUDO, M UNIV NANCY 1 CTR PEDOL BIOLEQUIPE ECOL MICROBIENNE RHIZOSPHERECNRSUPR 6831BP 5F-54501 VANDOUVRE NAFRANCE UNIV JOSEPH FOURIER CTR RECH MACROMOLEC VEGETALESCNRSUPRF-38041 GRENOBLEFRANCE

Bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere, the rhizobacteria, of sorghum, pearl millet, wheat, alfalfa and rice were screened for the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS). Nearly a quarter of the strains produced exopolysaccharides, either capsular or hydrosoluble slime. A majority of the isolates produced slime. Physicochemical analyses have indicated the ability of certain diazotrophic Pseudomonas paucimobilis isolates from millets and sorghum to produce unique types of EPS, which are highly viscous and thermostable.

关键词： exopolysaccharides Rhizobiales bacteria Sorghum Millet Slimes exophthalmos producing substance encapsulated postscript

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Effects of Using EPS Geofoam as Compressible Inclusion on HDPE Pipe Behavior

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JOURNAL OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND PRACTICE 2019年第2期10卷 4019006.1-4019006.15页

作者： Kilic, Havvanur Akinay, Emre Yildiz Tech Univ Fac Civil Engn TR-34220 Istanbul Turkey Austrotherm Turkey Civil Engn Applicat Execut Orhan Veli Kanik St 3-5 TR-34810 Kavacik Turkey

This paper presents the results obtained from an experimental study investigating the effects of using expanded polystyrene (EPS) as compressible inclusion on buried high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe behavior. A series of full-scale tests were conducted using a laboratory testing facility to investigate the effects of using EPS on the behavior of a 300-mm-nominal-diameter lined corrugated-wall HDPE pipe buried in a poorly graded sand medium. For this purpose, five different compressible inclusion geometries were designed. EPS with 10 kg/m3 nominal density was used as the compressible material. In order to simulate geostatic stresses imposed by shallow and high soil fills, vertical surcharge stresses up to 200 kPa were applied on surface of the burial medium. Comprehensive instrumentation was implemented in order to measure the pipe deflections, soil stresses on the pipe, and soil settlements in the pipe zone. In terms of performance and cost-efficiency, it is concluded that a single EPS panel above the pipe crown, which is as wide as one pipe outside diameter and as thick as 1/6 of pipe nominal diameter, offers the best solution. This solution provided a reduction in vertical stress at the pipe crown up to of 76% and in horizontal stress on the pipe walls at the springline up to of 65%. Vertical and horizontal pipe deflections are reduced by 87% and 60%, respectively, under 200-kPa surcharge stress. This solution also provided near-zero pipe deflections in the 100-125 kPa surcharge stress range.

关键词： pipe wall Pipe Stress intensity Full scale tests perpendicular stresses range of stress High Density Polyethylene compressible exophthalmos producing substance encapsulated postscript

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Novel exopolysaccharide production by Azotobacter vinelandii

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BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS 1996年第5期18卷 587-592页

作者： Vermani, MV Kelkar, SM Kamat, MY UNIV BOMBAY DEPT CHEM TECHNOLFOOD FERMENTAT TECHNOL DIVBOMBAY 400019MAHARASHTRAINDIA BHABHA ATOM RES CTR RADIAT BIOL & BIOCHEM DIVBOMBAY 400085MAHARASHTRAINDIA

An isolate of Azotobacter vinelandii from the rhizosphere of the rhizomes of lotus produced a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) having the composition of glucose galactose rhamnose (2.5 : 1 : 1.2). This composition has not been reported previously. The EPS has excellent viscosifying properties and could possibly be pseudoplastic in nature.

关键词： Nature LOTUS encapsulated postscript Azotobacter vinelandii Rhizosphere Rhamnose exophthalmos producing substance Galactose Rhizomes

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Molecular characterization of the plasmid-encoded eps gene cluster essential for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis

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MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY 1997年第2期24卷 387-397页

作者： vanKranenburg, R Marugg, JD vanSwam, II Willem, NJ deVos, WM NIZO MOL GENET GRP DEPT BIOPHYS CHEM POB 20 NL-6710 BA EDE NETHERLANDS

Lactococcus lactis strain NIZO B40 produces an extracellular phosphopolysaccharide containing galactose, glucose, and rhamnose. A 40 kb plasmid encoding exopolysaccharide production was isolated through conjugal transfer of total plasmid DNA from strain NIZO B40 to the plasmid-free L. lactis model strain MG1614 and subsequent plasmid curing. A 12 kb region containing 14 genes with the order epsRXABCDEFGHIJKL was identified downstream of an iso-IS982 element. The predicted gene products of epsABCDEFGHIJK show sequence homologies with gene products involved in exopolysaccharide, capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, or teichoic acid biosynthesis of other bacteria. Transcriptional analysis of the eps gene cluster revealed that the gene cluster is transcribed as a single 12 kb mRNA. The transcription start site of the promoter was mapped upstream of the first gene epsR. The involvement of epsD in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis was demonstrated through a single gene disruption rendering an exopolysaccharide-deficient phenotype. Heterologous expression of epsD in Escherichia coli showed that its gene product is a glucosyltransferase linking the first sugar of the repeating unit to the lipid carrier.

关键词： Streptococcus-lactis Capsular polysaccharide Rhizobium-meliloti Escherichia-coli Nucleotide-sequence Shigella-flexneri Cremoris sbt-0495 Acid bacteria Group-b Cloning Lactic streptococci biosynthesis Shigella flexneri gene product plasmid curing Glucosyltransferases exophthalmos producing substance Genes Escherichia coli Gene Clusters Clusters Homologous Sequences Cloning Ensifer meliloti encapsulated postscript

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