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2024 Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing

作者： Kim, Chul Keun Tan, Hendry Lim, Jaehyun Kim, Seung Hwan LG Elect Seoul South Korea LG Elect San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529543;9798331529550

This paper presents the encoder optimization Information (EOI) SEI message, which was recently included in the Versatile Supplemental Enhancement Information (VSEI) version 4 draft standard and is ongoing work within the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) group. As the use of video content diversifies, there is an increasing need to apply preprocessing/task-driven encoding to optimize the coded bitstream for its intended use. Such optimization may be targeted for human viewing, machine analysis tasks, or both. Additionally, for better utilization of the coded bitstream, tailoring optimization for intended uses allows for the exclusion of unnecessary information, potentially reducing bitrate and enhancing compression efficiency. The EOI SEI message is designed to contain information about the optimization applied during the video encoding process and the intended usages of such optimization. Decoders may utilize the information provided by the EOI SEI message to effectively use video content that best fits their specific requirements and conditions.

关键词： Supplemental enhancement information (SEI) encoder optimization preprocessing human viewing machine analysis task

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Low complexity encoder optimization for HEVC

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2016年 35卷 120-131页

作者： Wang, Shanshe Luo, Falei Ma, Siwei Zhang, Xiang Wang, Shiqi Zhao, Debin Gao, Wen Peking Univ Inst Digital Media Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ Cooperat Medianet Innovat Ctr Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Technol Harbin 150006 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing Peoples R China

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) improved the coding efficiency significantly. Compared to its predecessor H.264/AVC, it can provide equivalent subjective quality with more than 57% bit rate reduction. However, the improvement on coding efficiency is obtained at the expense of much more intensive computation complexity. In this paper, based on an overall analysis of computation complexity at the HEVC encoder, a low complexity encoder optimization scheme is proposed by reducing the number of available candidates for evaluation in terms of the intra prediction mode decision, early termination of coding unit (CU) splitting and adaptive reference frame selection. With the proposed scheme, the rate distortion optimization (RDO) technique of HEVC can be implemented in a low-complexity way for complexity constrained encoders. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the original HEVC reference encoder implementation, the proposed optimization scheme can achieve more than 40% complexity reduction on average with coding performance degradation as only 0.43% which can be ignorable. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： HEVC Low complexity Intra mode decision CU splitting Reference frame selection Rate distortion optimization Video coding encoder optimization

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Fast encoder optimization for Multi-Resolution Scalar Quantizer Design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2011年第3期57卷 1520-1529页

作者： Dumitrescu, Sorina McMaster Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada

The design of optimal multi-resolution scalar quantizers using the generalized Lloyd method was proposed by Brunk and Farvardin for the case of squared error distortion. Since the algorithm details heavily rely on the quadratic expression of the error function, its extension to general error functions faces some challenges, especially at the encoder optimization step. In this work we show how these challenges can be overcome for any convex difference distortion measure, under the assumption that all quantizer cells are convex (i.e., intervals), and present an efficient algorithm for optimal encoder partition computation. The proposed algorithm is faster than the algorithm used by Brunk and Farvardin. Moreover, it can also be applied to channel-optimized and to multiple description scalar quantizer design with squared error distortion, and it outperforms in speed the previous encoder optimization algorithms proposed for these problems.

关键词： Convex difference distortion encoder optimization generalized Lloyd algorithm multi-resolution scalar quantizer

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New framework for encoder optimization of scalable video coding

New framework for encoder optimization of scalable video cod...

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IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems

作者： Li, Zheng Guo Yao, Wei Rahardja, Susanto Xie, Shoulie Agcy Sci Technol & Res Inst Infocomm Res Singapore 119613 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424412211

In this paper, a new framework is proposed for the encoder optimization of scalable video coding (SVC). It is used to provide guidelines for the design of rate control and fast mode decision at the base layer and base layer selection at enhancement layer for the SVC. It is also pointed out that the coding technology of inter-layer prediction with two base layers is desired for the combined coarse granular scalability and spatial scalability such that the coding efficiency losses at layers with higher resolution are about 10% when compared to the corresponding single-layer video coding.

关键词： encoder optimization scalable video coding rate control fast mode decision

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H.264 encoder speed-up via joint algorithm/code-level optimization

H.264 encoder speed-up via joint algorithm/code-level optimi...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2005

作者： Lai, YL Tseng, YY Lin, CW Zhou, Z Sun, MT Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Eng Chiayi 621 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819459763

The outstanding coding performance of H.264 comes with the cost of significantly higher complexity, making it too complex to be applied widely. This work aims at accelerating the H.264 encoder using joint algorithm/code-level optimization techniques so as to make it feasible to perform real-time encoding on a commercial personal computer. We propose a fast inter-mode decision scheme based on spatio-temporal information of neighboring macroblocks, for the algorithm-level optimization. We use a commercial profiling tool to identify most time consuming modules and then apply several code-level optimization techniques, including frame-memory rearrangement, single-instruction-multipledata (SIMD) implementations based on the Intel MMX/SSE2 instruction sets. Search mode reordering and early termination for variable block-size motion estimation, are then applied to speed up these time-critical modules. The simulation results show that our proposed joint optimization H.264 encoder achieves a speed-up factor of up to 18 compared to the reference encoder without introducing serious quality degradation.

关键词： H.264 encoder optimization mode decision single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD)

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encoder optimizationS FOR THE NNR STANDARD ON NEURAL NETWORK COMPRESSION

ENCODER OPTIMIZATIONS FOR THE NNR STANDARD ON NEURAL NETWORK...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Haase, Paul Becking, Daniel Kirchhoffer, Heiner Mueller, Karsten Schwarz, Heiko Samek, Wojciech Marpe, Detlev Wiegand, Thomas Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Inst Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Inst Comp Sci Berlin Germany Tech Univ Berlin Dept Telecommun Syst Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665441155

The novel Neural Network Compression and Representation Standard (NNR), recently issued by ISO/IEC MPEG, achieves very high coding gains, compressing neural networks to 5% in size without accuracy loss. The underlying NNR encoder technology includes parameter quantization, followed by efficient arithmetic coding, namely DeepCABAC. In addition, NNR also allows very flexible adaptations, such as signaling specific local scaling values, setting quantization parameters per tensor rather than per network and supporting specific parameter fusion operations. This paper presents our new approach for optimally deriving these parameters, namely the derivation of parameters for local scaling adaptation (LSA), inference-optimized quantization (IOQ), and batch-norm folding (BNF). By allowing inference and fine tuning within the encoding process, quantization errors are reduced and the NNR coding efficiency is further improved to a compressed bitstream size of only 3% in comparison to the original model size.

关键词： MPEG NNR DeepCABAC neural network compression encoder optimization

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Rate-distortion optimized rate-allocation for motion-compensated predictive video codecs using PixelRank

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2011年第2期22卷 107-116页

作者： Lou, Jian Sun, Ming-Ting Motorola Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA Univ Washington Dept Elect Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA

Inter-frame dependencies are usually ignored in video encoder coding parameter selection. This gives a non-optimal solution and degrades the compression performance. A mathematical model to estimate the importance of each pixel on the reconstructed video quality, called PixelRank, is developed in this paper. Theoretical analysis on the parameters used for PixelRank score calculation dealing with the video coding optimization problem is also given. The PixelRank algorithm tracks the importance of each pixel and distributes the PixelRank scores. With the PixelRank scores for all the pixels, MB-based quantization parameters are adjusted accordingly. Based on this technique, the rate can be allocated more accurately according to the importance of the pixels, thus achieving better overall rate-distortion performance. Compared to the non-optimized scheme in H.264/AVC, the proposed scheme can reduce 13.53% of the average bitrate and up to 25.17% of bitrate in the simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Video coding encoder optimization Rate-distortion optimization PageRank PixelRank Rate-allocation

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Fast Context-Adaptive Mode Decision Algorithm for Scalable Video Coding With Combined Coarse-Grain Quality Scalability (CGS) and Temporal Scalability

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2010年第5期20卷 732-748页

作者： Lin, Hung-Chih Peng, Wen-Hsiao Hang, Hsueh-Ming Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

To speed up the H.264/MPEG scalable video coding (SVC) encoder, we propose a layer-adaptive intra/inter mode decision algorithm and a motion search scheme for the hierarchical B-frames in SVC with combined coarse-grain quality scalability (CGS) and temporal scalability. To reduce computation but maintain the same level of coding efficiency, we examine the rate-distortion (R-D) performance contributed by different coding modes at the enhancement layers (EL) and the mode conditional probabilities at different temporal layers. For the intra prediction on inter frames, we can reduce the number of Intra4x4/Intra8x8 prediction modes by 50% or more, based on the reference/base layer intra prediction directions. For the EL inter prediction, the look-up tables containing inter prediction candidate modes are designed to use the macroblock (MB) coding mode dependence and the reference/base layer quantization parameters (Qp). In addition, to avoid checking all motion estimation (ME) reference frames, the base layer (BL) reference frame index is selectively reused. And according to the EL MB partition, the BL motion vector can be used as the initial search point for the EL ME. Compared with Joint Scalable Video Model 9.11, our proposed algorithm provides a 20x speedup on encoding the EL and an 85% time saving on the entire encoding process with negligible loss in coding efficiency. Moreover, compared with other fast mode decision algorithms, our scheme can demonstrate a 7-41% complexity reduction on the overall encoding process.

关键词： Coarse-grain quality scalability encoder optimization fast mode decision scalable video coding (SVC)

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Fast Grid-Based Refining Segmentation Method in Video-Based Point Cloud Compression

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 80088-80099页

作者： Kim, Jieon Kim, Yong-Hwan Korea Elect Technol Inst Seongnam Si 13488 South Korea

The video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC, ISO/IEC 23090-5) is the state-of-the-art international standard for compressing dynamic point clouds developed by the moving picture experts group (MPEG). It has been achieved good rate-distortion (RD) performance by employing the 2D-based dynamic point cloud compression. As a brief look, V-PCC first converts the 3D input point cloud into a set of 2D patches followed by a packing process. The packing process then maps the patches into a 2D grid. Such a way allows compressing the patches utilizing the existing video coding standards. Besides the RD performance, complexity is another vital factor to consider in performance evaluations. In the V-PCC encoder, the self-time accounts for on average 15.9% and a maximum of 48.2% of the total-time, which can be a hindrance to realizing real-time V-PCC applications. One of the most computationally intensive modules of V-PCC is the grid-based refining segmentation (G-RS). Thus this paper proposes a fast G-RS method that can adaptively select voxels that need the refining segmentation. More concretely, the proposed method classifies the voxels based on the projection plane indices of 3D points and only applies the refining process to the selected voxels. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the complexity of the refining steps in G-RS, on average, by 60.7% and 62.5% without coding efficiency loss compared to the test model for category 2 (TMC2) version 12.0 reference software under the random access (RA) and all-intra (AI) configurations, respectively.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Complexity theory Software Encoding Standards Geometry Transform coding Video-based point cloud compression dynamic point cloud fast algorithms low-complex video encoders voxel-based refining segmentation encoder optimization

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Fast Bi-Directional Prediction Selection in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Temporal Scalable Video Coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2011年第12期20卷 3508-3523页

作者： Lin, Hung-Chih Hang, Hsueh-Ming Peng, Wen-Hsiao MediaTek Inc Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

In this paper, we propose a fast algorithm that efficiently selects the temporal prediction type for the dyadic hierarchical-B prediction structure in the H.264/MPEG-4 temporal scalable video coding (SVC). We make use of the strong correlations in prediction type inheritance to eliminate the superfluous computations for the bi-directional (BI) prediction in the finer partitions, 16 x 8/8 x 16/8 x 8, by referring to the best temporal prediction type of 16 x 16. In addition, we carefully examine the relationship in motion bit-rate costs and distortions between the BI and the uni-directional temporal prediction types. As a result, we construct a set of adaptive thresholds to remove the unnecessary BI calculations. Moreover, for the block partitions smaller than 8 x 8, either the forward prediction (FW) or the backward prediction (BW) is skipped based upon the information of their 8 x 8 partitions. Hence, the proposed schemes can efficiently reduce the extensive computational burden in calculating the BI prediction. As compared to the JSVM 9.11 software, our method saves the encoding time from 48% to 67% for a large variety of test videos over a wide range of coding bit-rates and has only a minor coding performance loss.

关键词： Bi-directional prediction bi-directionally predictive frame encoder optimization hierarchical prediction structure H.264/MPEG-4 AVC scalable video coding temporal scalability

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