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How end-user programmers debug visual web-based programs: An information foraging theory perspective

JOURNAL OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES 2019年 53卷 22-37页

作者： Kuttal, Sandeep Kaur Sarma, Anita Burnett, Margaret Rothermel, Gregg Koeppe, Ian Shepherd, Brooke Univ Tulsa Tulsa OK 74104 USA Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA North Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC USA Univ Nebraska Omaha NE 68182 USA

Web-active end-user programmers squander much of their time foraging for bugs and related information in mashup programming environments as well as on the web. To analyze this foraging behavior while debugging, we utilize an Information Foraging Theory perspective. Information Foraging Theory models the human (predator) behavior to forage for specific information (prey) in the webpages or programming IDEs (patches) by following the information features (cues) in the environment. We qualitatively studied the debugging behavior of 16 web-active end users. Our results show that end-user programmers spend substantial amounts (73%) of their time just foraging. Further, our study reveals new cue types and foraging strategies framed in terms of Information Foraging Theory, and it uncovers which of these helped end-user programmers succeed in their debugging efforts.

关键词： Information Foraging Theory end-user programming end-user software engineering Visual programming language Debugging

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The Internet-of-Things: Reflections on the past, present and future from a user-centered and smart environment perspective

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JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND SMART ENVIRONMENTS 2019年第1期11卷 45-69页

作者： Chin, Jeannette Callaghan, Vic Ben Allouch, Somaya Anglia Ruskin Univ Sch Comp & Informat Sci Cambridge England Univ Essex Sch Comp Sci & Elect Engn Colchester Essex England Amsterdam Univ Appl Sci Digital Life Ctr Amsterdam Netherlands

This paper introduces the Internet-of-Things (IoT) and describes its evolution from a concept proposed by Kevin Ashton in 1999 through its public emergence in 2005 in a United Nations ITU report entitled "The Internet of Things", to the present day where IoT devices are available as off-the-shelf products from major manufacturers. Using a systematic study of public literature, the paper presents a five-phase categorisation of the development of the Internet-of-Things from its beginnings to the present day. Four mini case studies are included to illustrate some of the issues involved. Finally, the paper discusses some of the big issues facing future developers and marketers of Internet-of-Things based products ranging from artificial intelligence (AI) through to customer privacy and acceptance finishing with an optimistic assessment of the future of the Internet-of-Things.

关键词： Internet-of-Things end-user programming smart environments web appliances personalisation big data ubiquitous computing artificial intelligence acceptance trust privacy innovation user-centric

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end-user Composition of Graphical user Interfaces by Composite Pattern 19

End-User Composition of Graphical User Interfaces by Composi...

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11th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS)

作者： Vanderdonckt, Jean Grolaux, Donatien Catholic Univ Louvain LouRIM Inst Louvain La Neuve Belgium ICHEC Brussels Management Sch Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367455

We present ComPat, an open source visual editor enabling end users to compose graphical user interfaces based on the composite pattern, a common software engineering design pattern: any widget or group of widgets is treated the same way as a single instance of the same type of widget. ComPat exploits a grid of rows and columns, where each cell, regulated by layout constraints, is populated either by direct import of widgets from a palette or by pattern application. In order to compose graphical user interfaces, any portion could be cut, copied, pasted, and treated as a single object thanks to the composite pattern, thus facilitating reusability. Any portion becomes a pattern that can be applied either by direct instantiation or by rewriting. ComPat automatically generates a Java Swing graphical user interface corresponding to the composition and stores its definition in a user Interface Description Language based on a XML Schema.

关键词： Composition of user interfaces composite pattern end-user programming graphical constraints UML

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user-driven modelling: Visualisation and systematic interaction for end-user programming

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2012年第6期23卷 354-379页

作者： Hale, Peter Solomonides, Anthony E. Beeson, Ian Univ W England Bristol BS16 1QY Avon England

This research enables computer literate engineers to model problems in software by minimising code they need to write. Software development is difficult for many engineers as they may have no time, experience, or access to software development tools necessary to model their problems. Using a combination of modelling via use of formulae (equations) and visualisation of the way these formulae interact, it is possible to construct modelling software without requiring code. This technique of user-driven modelling/programming (UDM/P) could be applied to any problem that requires linked equations to be represented and tracked, and results from these calculated. end-user programming could be tackled by many researchers co-operating to create specific solutions to different kinds of end-user programming problems. A stepped ontology based translation process assists with progress towards a generic solution, this is first applied to engineering modelling. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual programming Visualisation Translation Transformation Meta programming Cost modelling Modelling Decision support Design Manufacture user-driven modelling Semantic Web Ontologies end-user programming

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Code Quality Improvement for All: Automated Refactoring for Scratch

Code Quality Improvement for All: Automated Refactoring for ...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Techapalokul, Peeratham Tilevich, Eli Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Software Innovat Lab Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728108100

Block-based programming has been overwhelmingly successful in revitalizing introductory computing education and in facilitating end-user development. However, poor code quality makes block-based programs hard to understand, modify, and reuse, thus hurting the educational and productivity effectiveness of blocks. There is great potential benefit in empowering programmers in this domain to systematically improve the code quality of their projects. Refactoring improving code quality while preserving its semantics has been widely adopted in traditional software development. In this work, we introduce refactoring to Scratch. We define four new Scratch refactorings: Extract Custom Block, Extract Parent Sprite, Extract Constant, and Reduce Variable Scope. To automate the application of these refactorings, we enhance the Scratch programming environment with powerful program analysis and transformation routines. To evaluate the utility of these refactorings, we apply them to remove the code smells detected in a representative dataset of 448 Scratch projects. We also conduct a between-subjects user study with 24 participants to assess how our refactoring tools impact. programmers. Our results show that refactoring improves the subjects' code quality metrics, while our refactoring tools help motivate programmers to improve code quality.

关键词： block-based languages software refactoring Scratch code quality code smells program analysis end-user programming introductory curriculum

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AutoTap: Synthesizing and Repairing Trigger-Action Programs Using LTL Properties 19

AutoTap: Synthesizing and Repairing Trigger-Action Programs ...

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41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Zhang, Lefan He, Weijia Martinez, Jesse Brackenbury, Noah Lu, Shan Ur, Blase Univ Chicago Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60637 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728108698

end-user programming, particularly trigger-action programming (TAP), is a popular method of letting users express their intent for how smart devices and cloud services interact. Unfortunately, sometimes it can be challenging for users to correctly express their desires through TAP. This paper presents AutoTap, a system that lets novice users easily specify desired properties for devices and services. AutoTap translates these properties to linear temporal logic (LTL) and both automatically synthesizes property-satisfying TAP rules from scratch and repairs existing TAP rules. We designed AutoTap based on a user study about properties users wish to express. Through a second user study, we show that novice users made significantly fewer mistakes when expressing desired behaviors using AutoTap than using TAP rules. Our experiments show that AutoTap is a simple and effective option for expressive end-user programming.

关键词： end-user programming trigger-action programming program synthesis program repair

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Characterizing end-user Development Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review

Characterizing End-User Development Solutions: A Systematic ...

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Human-Computer Interaction Thematic Area Conference (HCI) Held as Part of the 21st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Santos, Mariana Lucia Bento Villela, Maria Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Mucuri Diamantina Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783030226459;9783030226466

The end-user Development (EUD) consists of a research area that has been under study for some time and covers a wide variety of domains and types of end users. However, there is still a lack of studies that analyze how EUD research has been reflected in practice. Therefore, this paper contributes to enable an understanding of the current scenario of EUD solutions, revealing trends that are emerging and gaps to be addressed. For this, a systematic literature review was carried out, aiming to characterize the solutions that have been developed using the EUD approach. The results show that most of EUD solutions are for web platform and focus on customizing existing applications, using visual programming techniques as interaction style. However, issues related to quality of use found in some results indicate that more research approaching IHC models, methods and techniques in design and evaluation of EUD tools is needed.

关键词： end-user development end-user programming Systematic literature review

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Framework for end-user programming of Cross-Smart Space Applications

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SENSORS 2012年第11期12卷 14442-14466页

作者： Palviainen, Marko Kuusijarvi, Jarkko Ovaska, Eila VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland FIN-02044 Espoo Finland VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland FIN-90571 Oulu Finland

Cross-smart space applications are specific types of software services that enable users to share information, monitor the physical and logical surroundings and control it in a way that is meaningful for the user's situation. For developing cross-smart space applications, this paper makes two main contributions: it introduces (i) a component design and scripting method for end-user programming of cross-smart space applications and (ii) a backend framework of components that interwork to support the brunt of the RDFScript translation, and the use and execution of ontology models. Before end-user programming activities, the software professionals must develop easy-to-apply Driver components for the APIs of existing software systems. Thereafter, end-users are able to create applications from the commands of the Driver components with the help of the provided toolset. The paper also introduces the reference implementation of the framework, tools for the Driver component development and end-user programming of cross-smart space applications and the first evaluation results on their application.

关键词： end-user programming cross-smart space applications application framework

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ComPOS: Composing Oblivious Services

ComPOS: Composing Oblivious Services

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IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)

作者： Akesson, Alfred Hedin, Gorel Nordahl, Mattias Magnusson, Boris Lund Univ Lund Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781538691519

Future internet-of-things systems need to be able to combine heterogeneous services and support weak connectivity. In this paper, we introduce ComPOS, a new domain-specific language for composing services in IoT systems. We show how Maria, a bird watcher, can use ComPOS to build a system that allows her to spy on birds in the garden while she is not at home. We demonstrate how ComPOS handles the unpredictable nature of IoT system by analysing in what cases Maria's system is still useful when some devices are unavailable.

关键词： DSL IoT service composition end-user programming

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BEESM, a Block-based Educational programming Tool for end users 18

BEESM, a Block-based Educational Programming Tool for End Us...

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10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (NORDICHI)

作者： Seraj, Mazyar Autexier, Serge Janssen, Jan Univ Bremen German Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence Cyber Phys Syst Inst Comp Sci D-28359 Bremen Germany German Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence Cyber Phys Syst D-28359 Bremen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450364379

Visual programming as a technique to support users to learn programming is an active field of research. Bringing together the hot topic of Smart Environments and the visual programming paradigm we present the Block-based end user programming tool for SMart Environments (BEESM). The dedicated application domain engages users to get interested in programming. BEESM allows to learn the general purpose of programming and rapidly prototype and customize applications in the context of smart environments. This approach enables users to program smart environments, microcontrollers and mobile robots one at a time and in combination with each other. It provides a block-based rapid programming tool as a hassle-free environment for educators and engineers to make it compatible with different smart devices and environments.

关键词： Visual programming end-user programming smart environment Google Blockly user interface design

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