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12th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

作者： Huang, Justin Cakmak, Maya Univ Washington Comp Sci & Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343367

This paper introduces Code3, a system for user-friendly, rapid programming of mobile manipulator robots. The system is designed to let non-roboticists and roboticists alike program end-to-end manipulation tasks. To accomplish this, Code3 provides three integrated components for perception, manipulation, and high-level programming. The perception component helps users define a library of object and scene parts that the robot can later detect. The manipulation component lets users define actions for manipulating objects or scene parts through programming by demonstration. Finally, the high-level programming component provides a drag-and-drop interface with which users can program the logic and control flow to accomplish a task using their previously specified perception and manipulation capabilities. We present findings from an observational user study with non-roboticist programmers (N=10) that demonstrate their ability to quickly learn Code3 and program a PR2 robot to do manipulation tasks. We also demonstrate how the system is expressive enough for an expert to rapidly program highly complex manipulation tasks like playing tic-tac-toe and reconfiguring an object to be graspable.

关键词： programming by demonstration programming tools end-user programming Mobile Manipulation

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Short-Term Revisit during programming Tasks 17

Short-Term Revisit during Programming Tasks

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IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C)

作者： Jin, Xiaoyu Niu, Nan Univ Cincinnati Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538615898

Previous studies of Web page revisitation were only focused on long-term revisit ranging from hours to days. In this paper, we study the short-term revisit of less than one hour such as the revisit behavior during a small programming task. We first perform an exploratory study to observe the short-term revisit phenomenon. We then perform controlled experiments with our designed tool support as treatment by inviting 20 biomedical software developers to perform two software change tasks. Our results show that the participants with tool support used 19.7% less time than the ones without tool support.

关键词： revisitation foraging theory software change tasks end-user programming

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A visual programming approach based on domain ontologies for configuring industrial IoT installations 17

A visual programming approach based on domain ontologies for...

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7th International Conference on the Internet of Things

作者： Tomlein, Matus Gronbaek, Kaj Aarhus Univ Dept Comp Sci Aarhus Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450353182

Industrial products tend to be customized by third-parties for different use cases. This is currently supported by adding external Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) to installations. As IoT software ecosystems become wide-spread, the need for such hardware will decrease. However, removing the controllers opens the challenge of configuring distributed industrial installations. This paper argues for modeling application requirements on industrial installations so that they can be evaluated automatically based on information about targeted installations. GIMLE, a visual language for modeling application requirements using expressive domain knowledge, is proposed. GIMLE enables modeling requirements on physical features of installations, which hasn't received significant attention in the related work. A study with domain experts is used to reflect on the proposed process. The scalability of the visual language is evaluated using a model for a real-world application. The support for reuse of requirements enabled us to build models that can add support for new installations without significant changes and with a slower increase in size the more components can be reused.

关键词： end-user programming visual programming modeling

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Variolite: Supporting Exploratory programming by Data Scientists 17

Variolite: Supporting Exploratory Programming by Data Scient...

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ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Kery, Mary Beth Horvath, Amber Myers, Brad Carnegie Mellon Univ Sch Comp Sci Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450346559

How do people ideate through code? Using semi-structured interviews and a survey, we studied data scientists who program, often with small scripts, to experiment with data. These studies show that data scientists frequently code new analysis ideas by building off of their code from a previous idea. They often rely on informal versioning interactions like copying code, keeping unused code, and commenting out code to repurpose older analysis code while attempting to keep those older analyses intact. Unlike conventional version control, these informal practices allow for fast versioning of any size code snippet, and quick comparisons by interchanging which versions are run. However, data scientists must maintain a strong mental map of their code in order to distinguish versions, leading to errors and confusion. We explore the needs for improving version control tools for exploratory tasks, and demonstrate a tool for lightweight local versioning, called Variolite, which programmers found usable and desirable in a preliminary usability study.

关键词： end-user programming Version Control Systems (VCS) Exploratory Data Analysis Variants Variations

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A Visual Environment for Reactive Robot programming of Macro-level Behaviors 9th

A Visual Environment for Reactive Robot Programming of Macro...

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9th International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR)

作者： Erich, Floris Hirokawa, Masakazu Suzuki, Kenji Univ Tsukuba Artificial Intelligence Lab 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058577 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783319700229;9783319700212

end-user programming tools for robots typically allow endusers to combine macrobehaviors to design the behavior of a robot. Experienced developers are required to write these macrobehaviors. We present an approach for programming robots called Reactive Robot programming (RRP). RRP allows end-users to construct macrobehaviors with minimal support from experienced developers by using uniform operators and clear separation between sensing, processing and actuation. The implemented approach consists of a Visual programming Environment (VPE) and a robot architecture. In this paper we describe the VPE and robot architecture as well as present results from a pilot user study.

关键词： end-user programming Visual programming Environment Reactive Robot programming Socially Assistive Robotics

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NLCI: a natural language command interpreter

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AUTOMATED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2017年第4期24卷 839-861页

作者： Landhaeusser, Mathias Weigelt, Sebastian Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Program Struct & Data Org Karlsruhe Germany

Natural language interfaces are becoming more and more common, because they are powerful and easy to use. Examples of such interfaces are voice controlled navigation devices, Apple's personal assistant Siri, Google Voice Search, and translation services. However, such interfaces are extremely difficult to build, to maintain, and to port to new domains. We present an approach for building and porting such interfaces quickly. NLCI is a natural language command interpreter that accepts action commands in English and translates them into executable code. The core component is an ontology that models an API. Once the API is "ontologized", NLCI translates input sentences into sequences of API calls that implement the intended actions. Two radically different APIs were ontologized: openHAB for home automation and Alice for building 3D animations. Construction of the ontology can be automated if the API uses descriptive names for its components. In that case, the language interface can be generated completely automatically. Recall and precision of NLCI on a benchmark of 50 input scripts are 67 and 78 %, resp. Though not yet acceptable for practical use, the results indicate that the approach is feasible. NLCI accepts typed input only. Future work will use a speech front-end to test spoken input.

关键词： programming in natural language end-user programming Knowledge-based software engineering Program synthesis Natural language processing for software engineering

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Skip Blocks: Reusing Execution History to Accelerate Web Scripts

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON programming LANGUAGES-PACMPL 2017年第OOPSLA期1卷 1-28页

作者： Chasins, Sarah Bodik, Rastislav Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

With more and more web scripting languages on offer, programmers have access to increasing language support for web scraping tasks. However, in our experiences collaborating with data scientists, we learned that two issues still plague long-running scraping scripts: i) When a network or website goes down mid-scrape, recovery sometimes requires restarting from the beginning, which users find frustratingly slow. ii) Websites do not offer atomic snapshots of their databases;they update their content so frequently that output data is cluttered with slight variations of the same information - e.g., a tweet from profile 1 that is retweeted on profile 2 and scraped from both profiles, once with 52 responses then later with 53 responses. We introduce the skip block, a language construct that addresses both of these disparate problems. Programmers write lightweight annotations to indicate when the current object can be considered equivalent to a previously scraped object and direct the program to skip over the scraping actions in the block. The construct is hierarchical, so programs can skip over long or short script segments, allowing adaptive reuse of prior work. After network and server failures, skip blocks accelerate failure recovery by 7.9x on average. Even scripts that do not encounter failures benefit;because sites display redundant objects, skipping over them accelerates scraping by up to 2.1x. For longitudinal scraping tasks that aim to fetch only new objects, the second run exhibits an average speedup of 5.2x. Our small user study reveals that programmers can quickly produce skip block annotations.

关键词： Web Scraping Incremental Scraping programming By Demonstration end-user programming

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GUI Robots: Using Off-the-Shelf Robots as Tangible Input and Output Devices for Unmodified GUI Applications 17

GUI Robots: Using Off-the-Shelf Robots as Tangible Input and...

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12th ACM SIGCHI Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) Conference

作者： Guinness, Darren Szafir, Daniel Kane, Shaun K. Univ Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349222

Traditional GUI applications provide limited support for tangible interaction, as most applications are not programmed to support tangible input, and most input devices do not provide haptic feedback. To address this limitation, we introduce GUI Robots, a software framework that enables developers to repurpose off-the-shelf robots as tangible input and haptic output devices, and to connect them to unmodified desktop applications. We introduce the GUI Robots framework and present several proof-of-concept applications, including a haptic scroll wheel, force feedback game controllers, a 3D mouse, and a self-driving notification robot. To evaluate whether GUI Robots can be used to prototype tangible interfaces for existing applications, we conducted a user study in which developers created customized tangible interfaces for two applications. Study participants were able to create tangible user interfaces for these applications in less than an hour. GUI Robots allows developers to easily extend applications with tangible input and haptic output.

关键词： Tangible user interfaces human-robot interaction graphical user interfaces end-user programming tactile feedback

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Sharable Personal Automations for Ambient Assisted Living 17

Sharable Personal Automations for Ambient Assisted Living

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10th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA)

作者： Valsamakis, Yannis Savidis, Anthony FORTH Inst Comp Sci N Plastira 100 GR-70013 Iraklion Greece Univ Crete Dept Comp Sci Inst Comp Sci FORTH N Plastira 100 GR-70013 Iraklion Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781450352277

The population of elderly people and disabled has exponentially increased thanks to advances of medicine which allow people to live longer and healthier than the previous generations. In this context, Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) applications which promotes independent living is more necessary than ever. Also, the Internet of Things (IoT) proliferates as the dominant technological paradigm for the open deployment of networked smart objects in the environment, including physical things, smart devices and entire applications. In our work, a primary objective was the delivery of an AAL framework on the top of smart objects which uses the full range of IoT technologies. Very early, it became evident that the demand of personalized applications in the context of AAL is very intense. This is mainly due to the highly individualized and fluid nature of the required applications. Along these lines, we focus in providing an end-user programming environment to empower carers, possibly the elderly and family themselves, with the necessary tools to easily and quickly craft, test, modify and deploy smart object applications they would like to have in their everyday life. In this paper, we support personalized automations using smart objects for outdoor daily activities, outside the elderly's protected home environment. We initially outline possible useful mobility scenarios. Then, we elaborate on the visual tools we are developing, followed by a brief case study using them.

关键词： Visual programming Languages end-user programming Ambient Assisted Living Mobility Internet of Things

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Workers who use spreadsheets and who program earn more than similar workers who do neither

Workers who use spreadsheets and who program earn more than ...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Scaffidi, Christopher Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ctr Appl Syst & Software Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538604434

Prior work showed that in 2001 and 2003, workers in America who used spreadsheets or databases, and who did programming, earned 9 to 13% more than similar workers who did not use spreadsheets nor did programming. Such a fact, if still true, could help motivate workers to do programming and/or to create spreadsheets. This paper presents a study replicating these analyses using 2012 data. The results show that workers in America who used spreadsheets and who did programming earned approximately 10% more than similar workers who did neither (controlling for employment and demographic characteristics). These results highlight the potential fruitfulness of further research aimed at quantifying the personal financial benefits of using spreadsheets and doing programming.

关键词： end-user development end-user programming spreadsheets earnings

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