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29th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE)

作者： Schobel, Johannes Pryss, Ruediger Schlee, Winfried Probst, Thomas Gebhardt, Dominic Schickler, Marc Reichert, Manfred Ulm Univ Inst Databases & Informat Syst Ulm Germany Regensburg Univ Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319595368;9783319595351

Despite their drawbacks, paper-based questionnaires are still used to collect data in many application domains. In the QuestionSys project, we develop an advanced framework that enables domain experts to transform paper-based instruments to mobile data collection applications, which then run on smart mobile devices. The framework empowers domain experts to develop robust mobile data collection applications on their own without the need to involve programmers. To realize this vision, a configurator component applying a model-driven approach is developed. As this component shall relieve domain experts from technical issues, it has to be proven that domain experts are actually able to use the configurator properly. The experiment presented in this paper investigates the mental efforts for creating such data collection applications by comparing novices and experts. Results reveal that even novices are able to model instruments with an acceptable number of errors. Altogether, the QuestionSys framework empowers domain experts to develop sophisticated mobile data collection applications by orders of magnitude faster compared to current mobile application development practices.

关键词： Process-driven applications end-user programming Experimental results

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Some Recipes Can Do More Than Spoil Your Appetite: Analyzing the Security and Privacy Risks of IFTTT Recipes 17

Some Recipes Can Do More Than Spoil Your Appetite: Analyzing...

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26th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW)

作者： Surbatovich, Milijana Aljuraidan, Jassim Bauer, Lujo Das, Anupam Jia, Limin Univ Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349130

The use of end-user programming, such as if-this-then-that (IFTTT), is becoming increasingly common. Services like IFTTT allow users to easily create new functionality by connecting arbitrary Internet of-Things (IoT) devices and online services using simple if-then rules, commonly known as recipes. However, such convenience at times comes at the cost of security and privacy risks for end users. To gain an in-depth understanding of the potential security and privacy risks, we build an information-flow model to analyze how often IFTTT recipes involve potential integrity or secrecy violations. Our analysis finds that around 50% of the 19,323 unique recipes we examined are potentially unsafe, as they contain a secrecy violation, an integrity violation, or both, We next categorize the types of harm that these potentially unsafe recipes can cause to users. After manually examining a random selection of potentially unsafe recipes, we find that recipes can not only lead to harms such as personal embarrassment but can also be exploited by an attacker, e.g, to distribute malware or carry out denial-of-service attacks. The use of IoT devices and services like IFTTT is expected only to grow in the near future: our analysis suggests users need to be both informed about and protected from these emerging threats to which they could be unwittingly exposing themselves.

关键词： end-user programming IFTTT service Internet of Things (IoT) Information-flow

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NLCI – A Natural Language Command Interpreter

NLCI – A Natural Language Command Interpreter

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Software Engineering 2017

作者： Landhäußer, Mathias Weigelt, Sebastian Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Am Fasanengarten 5 Karlsruhe76131 Germany

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Understanding Recurring Quality Problems and Their Impact on Code Sharing in Block-Based Software

Understanding Recurring Quality Problems and Their Impact on...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Techapalokul, Peeratham Tilevich, Eli Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Software Innovat Lab Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538604434

Block-based programming languages have become increasingly prominent in both the educational and end-user communities. As the block-based codebase is growing rapidly, its quality remains poorly understood, even though the awareness of recurring quality problems in this domain can benefit educators and end-user programmers alike. To address this problem, we report on the results of a large-scale assessment of recurring quality problems in block-based software. Our work identifies quality problems endemic of block-based software, as well as applies program analysis to assess the prevalence and severity of quality problems in close to 600K representative Scratch projects. Our empirical evidence shows how certain recurring quality problems hinder code sharing for popular Scratch projects. These results indicate that the quality of block-based software warrants the attention of CS educators, end-user programmers, and tool builders. Our study's results can help programmers avoid introducing the quality problems, while guiding tools builders in supporting the systematic quality improvement of block-based software.

关键词： end-user programming empirical study soft-ware quality program analysis code smells block-based soft-ware Scratch software refactoring

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TAPASPlay: A Game-Based Learning approach to foster Computation Thinking Skills

TAPASPlay: A Game-Based Learning approach to foster Computat...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Malizia, Alessio Turchi, Tommaso Bell, David Fogli, Daniela Danesi, Federico Univ Hertfordshire Sch Creat Arts Hatfield Herts England Brunel Univ London Comp Sci Dept London England Univ Brescia Dept Informat Engn Brescia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781538604434

In this paper we describe how to use a Game-Based Learning (GBL) approach to help end-user programmers to develop Computational Thinking (CT) skills. CT represents a framework consisting of a set of skills such as: abstraction, decomposition and more in general problem solving expressed in a computational form (algorithmic thinking) that can be easily formalised into a computer program. Those skills are beneficial for end-user programmers in order to model a task for being tackled with computational tools, e.g. spreadsheets, domain specific and visual languages. TAPASPlay is an engaging GBL platform designed to help end-user to learn algorithmic thinking.

关键词： Computational Thinking Game-Based Learning end-user programming

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Dataflow Semantics for end-user Programmable Applications

Dataflow Semantics for End-user Programmable Applications

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作者： Hisham Hashem Muhammad PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATOICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO

学位级别：博士

Many applications are made programmable for advanced end-users by adding facilities such as scripting and macros. Other applications take a programming language to the center stage of its UI. That is the case, for example, of the spreadsheet formula language. While scripting has benefited from the advances of programming language research, producing mature and reusable languages, the state of UI-level languages lags behind. We claim that a better understanding of such languages is necessary. In this work, we model the semantics of existing end-user programming languages in three different domains: multimedia, spreadsheets and engineering. Our focus is on dataflow languages, a representative paradigm for end-user programmable applications. Based on this analysis, we aim to provide a better understanding of dataflow semantics as used in the context of end-user programming and propose guidelines for the design of UI-level languages for end-user programmable applications.

关键词： programming Languages Semantics Dataflow end-user programming

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Improv: An Input Framework for Improvising Cross-Device Interaction by Demonstration

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION 2017年第2期24卷 15-15页

作者： Chen, Xiang 'Anthony' Li, Yang Carnegie Mellon Univ Human Comp Interact Inst 5000 Forbes Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Google Res 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy Mountain View CA 94043 USA

As computing devices become increasingly ubiquitous, it is now possible to combine the unique capabilities of different devices or Internet of Things to accomplish a task. However, there is currently a high technical barrier for creating cross-device interaction. This is especially challenging for end users who have limited technical expertise-end users would greatly benefit from custom cross-device interaction that best suits their needs. In this article, we present Improv, a cross-device input framework that allows a user to easily leverage the capability of additional devices to create new input methods for an existing, unmodified application, e.g., creating custom gestures on a smartphone to control a desktop presentation application. Instead of requiring developers to anticipate and program these cross-device behaviors in advance, Improv enables end users to improvise them on the fly by simple demonstration, for their particular needs and devices at hand. We showcase a range of scenarios where Improv is used to create a diverse set of useful cross-device input. Our study with 14 participants indicated that on average it took a participant 10 seconds to create a cross-device input technique. In addition, Improv achieved 93.7% accuracy in interpreting user demonstration of a target UI behavior by looking at the raw input events from a single example.

关键词： Cross-device interaction end-user programming programming by demonstration gesture-based interaction input framework

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LondonTube: Overcoming Hidden Dependencies in Cloud-Mobile-Web programming 16

LondonTube: Overcoming Hidden Dependencies in Cloud-Mobile-W...

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34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI4GOOD)

作者： Scaffidi, Christopher Dove, Andrew Nabi, Tahmid Oregon State Univ Ctr Appl Syst & Software Corvallis OR 97331 USA Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA Natl Instruments Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450333627

Many disciplines, including health science, increasingly demand custom applications that synthesize cloud, mobile and web functionality. But creating even simple apps is difficult. Why? In this paper, guided by Cognitive Dimensions, we explore the design space for relevant programming notations and supporting tools, and we pinpoint what we hypothesize to be specific obstacles in the creation of cloud-mobile-web apps. Among these is the prevalence of hidden dependencies within code of apps. Based on this analysis, we propose a new notation called LondonTube aimed at making these hidden dependencies visible, thereby helping health scientists to create apps for themselves. A study showed that LondonTube reduced the time to create a cloud-mobile-web app by a factor of over 20, and it reduced questions about hidden dependencies.

关键词： end-user programming visual language cloud mobile

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Fostering Computational Thinking skills with a Tangible Blocks programming Environment

Fostering Computational Thinking skills with a Tangible Bloc...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Turchi, Tommaso Malizia, Alessio Brunel Univ Human Centred Design Inst London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781509002528

Computational Thinking has recently returned into the limelight as an essential skill to have for both the general public and disciplines outside Computer Science. It encapsulates those thinking skills integral to solving complex problems using a computer, thus widely applicable in our technological society. Several public initiatives such as the Hour of Code successfully introduced it to millions of people of different ages and backgrounds, mostly using Blocks programming Environments like Scratch that lower the barriers of programming and facilitate learning. In this paper we present our arguments for fostering Computational Thinking skills using a Blocks programming Environment augmented with a Tangible user Interface, namely by exploiting objects whose interactions with the physical environment are mapped to digital actions performed on the system. Our demonstration includes a working prototype implementing our Tangible Blocks programming Environment called TAPAS.

关键词： Computational Thinking Tangible user Interface end-user programming

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Trigger-Action programming in the Wild: An Analysis of 200,000 IFTTT Recipes 16

Trigger-Action Programming in the Wild: An Analysis of 200,0...

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34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI4GOOD)

作者： Ur, Blase Ho, Melwyn Pak Yong Brawner, Stephen Lee, Jiyun Mennicken, Sarah Picard, Noah Schulze, Diane Littman, Michael L. Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Zurich CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450333627

While researchers have long investigated end-user programming using a trigger-action (if-then) model, the website IFTTT is among the first instances of this paradigm being used on a large scale. To understand what IFTTT users are creating, we scraped the 224,590 programs shared publicly on IFTTT as of September 2015 and are releasing this dataset to spur future research. We characterize aspects of these programs and the IFTTT ecosystem over time. We find a large number of users are crafting a diverse set of end-user programs-over 100,000 different users have shared programs. These programs represent a very broad array of connections that appear to fill gaps in functionality, yet users often duplicate others' programs.

关键词： IFTTT end-user programming end-user Composition Trigger-Action programming Internet of Things (IoT)

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