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34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI4GOOD)

作者： Houben, Steven Golsteijn, Connie Gallacher, Sarah Johnson, Rose Bakker, Saskia Marquardt, Nicolai Capra, Licia Rogers, Yvonne UCL UCL Interact Ctr ICRI Cities Gower St London England Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Ind Design Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450333627

Internet of things (IoT) devices and sensor kits have the potential to democratize the access, use, and appropriation of data. Despite the increased availability of low cost sensors, most of the produced data is 'black box' in nature: users often do not know how to access or interpret data. We propose a 'human-data design' approach in which end-users are given tools to create, share, and use data through tangible and physical visualizations. This paper introduces Physikit, a system designed to allow users to explore and engage with environmental data through physical ambient visualizations. We report on the design and implementation of Physikit, and present a two-week field study which showed that participants got an increased sense of the meaning of data, embellished and appropriated the basic visualizations to make them blend into their homes, and used the visualizations as a probe for community engagement and social behavior.

关键词： Physical Visualization Ambient Display end-user programming Human-Data design Internet of Things (IoT)

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Mavo: Creating Interactive Data-Driven Web Applications by Authoring HTML 16

Mavo: Creating Interactive Data-Driven Web Applications by A...

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29th Annual Symposium on user Interface Software and Technology (UIST)

作者： Verou, Lea Zhang, Amy X. Karger, David R. MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450345316

Many people can author static web pages with HTML and CSS but find it hard or impossible to program persistent, interactive web applications. We show that for a broad class of CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) applications, this gap can be bridged. Mavo extends the declarative syntax of HTML to describe Web applications that manage, store and transform data. Using Mavo, authors with basic HTML knowledge define complex data schemas implicitly as they design their HTML layout. They need only add a few attributes and expressions to their HTML elements to transform their static design into a persistent, data-driven web application whose data can be edited by direct manipulation of the content in the browser. We evaluated Mavo with 20 users who marked up static designs-some provided by us, some their own creation-to transform them into fully functional web applications. Even users with no programming experience were able to quickly craft Mavo applications.

关键词： Web design end-user programming Information architecture Semantic publishing Dynamic Media Web

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Detecting Table Clones and Smells in Spreadsheets 24

Detecting Table Clones and Smells in Spreadsheets

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24th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE)

作者： Dou, Wensheng Cheung, Shing-Chi Gao, Chushu Xu, Chang Xu, Liang Wei, Jun Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software State Key Lab Comp Sci Beijing Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Dept Comp Sci & Tech Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342186

Spreadsheets are widely used by end users for various business tasks, such as data analysis and financial reporting. end users may perform similar tasks by cloning a block of cells (table) in their spreadsheets. The corresponding cells in these cloned tables are supposed to keep the same or similar computational semantics. However, when spreadsheets evolve, thus cloned tables can become inconsistent due to ad-hoc modifications, and as a result suffer from smells. In this paper, we propose TableCheck to detect table clones and related smells due to inconsistency among them. We observe that two tables with the same header information at their corresponding cells are likely to be table clones. Inspired by existing finger-print-based code clone detection techniques, we developed a detection algorithm to detect this kind of table clones. We further detected outliers among corresponding cells as smells in the detected table clones. We implemented our idea into TableCheck, and applied it to real-world spreadsheets from the EUSES corpus. Experimental results show that table clones commonly exist (21.8%), and 25.6% of the spreadsheets with table clones suffer from smells due to inconsistency among these clones. TableCheck detected table clones and their smells with a precision of 92.2% and 85.5%, respectively, while existing techniques detected no more than 35.6% true smells that TableCheck could detect.

关键词： Spreadsheet table clone copy and paste smell detection end-user programming

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T4Tags 2.0: A Tangible System for Supporting users' Needs in the Domestic Environment 16

T4Tags 2.0: A Tangible System for Supporting Users' Needs in...

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10th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction (TEI)

作者： Vianello, Andrea Florack, Yves Bellucci, Andrea Jacucci, Giulio Aalto Univ HIIT Espoo Finland Univ Helsinki HIIT Dept Comp Sci FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Comp Sci E-28903 Getafe Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781450335829

The use of dedicated devices may insufficiently support the variety and subtlety of domestic arrangements: they usually focus on specific aspects (e.g., home automation, health, safety, etc.) and potentially become obsolete, since they are unable to be recomposed and adapted to the needs of new situations. Open-ended and repurposable technologies could better address domestic users' needs. We present T4Tags 2.0, an open-ended toolkit for programming tangible tokens that embed different sensing technologies and can be attached to ordinary objects to create smart behaviors at home. We report findings from a one-day workshop we carried out to explore opportunities of the toolkit.

关键词： Smart home domestic technology end-user programming

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Initial Implementation of Natural Language Turn-Based Dialog System

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Procedia Computer Science 2016年 84卷 49-56页

作者： Alexander Wachtel Sebastian Weigelt Walter F. Tichy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Chair for Programming Systems Prof. Walter F. Tichy Am Fasanengarten 5 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

Our prototype implements a natural language dialog system for Excel spreadsheets. The work is motivated by a pilot study which shows that novice users have difficulties with the formula language of Excel and need interactive assistance. JustLingo 1 allows spreadsheet calculations in ordinary, written English. Furthermore, users can extend the system functionality by explaining of the calculations to the prototype. The keyword-based system analyzes the input using natural language processing techniques and translates it into Excel formulas. It asks for missing information such as operands and target cells and provides alternatives if there are ambiguities. It also handles references to previous inputs, allowing step-by-step construction of calculations. An evaluation shows that it properly resolves 82% of references and correctly interprets 79,5% of overall user input. Although far from perfect, the prototype demonstrates that computers may soon begin to take on simple, limited-domain programming tasks based on natural-language input.

关键词： Natural Language Processing Natural Language Interfaces Dialog Systems end-user programming Spreadsheet

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Give the people what they want: studying end-user needs for enhancing the web

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PEERJ COMPUTER SCIENCE 2016年第11期2016卷

作者： Lee, Tak Yeon Bederson, Benjamin B. Univ Maryland Human Comp Interact Lab Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA

end-user programming (EUP) is a common approach for helping ordinary people create small programs for their professional or daily tasks. Since end-users may not have programming skills or strong motivation for learning them, tools should provide what end-users want with minimal costs of learning -i.e., they must decrease the barriers to entry. However, it is often hard to address these needs, especially for fast-evolving domains such as the Web. To better understand these existing and ongoing challenges, we conducted two formative studies with Web users-a semi-structured interview study, and a Wizard-of-Oz study. The interview study identifies challenges that participants have with their daily experiences on the Web. The Wizard-of-Oz study investigates how participants would naturally explain three computational tasks to an interviewer acting as a hypothetical computer agent. These studies demonstrate a disconnect between what end-users want and what existing EUP systems support, and thus open the door for a path towards better support for end user needs. In particular, our findings include: (1) analysis of challenges that end-users experience on the Web with solutions;(2) seven core functionalities of EUP for addressing these challenges;(3) characteristics of nonprogrammers describing three common computation tasks;(4) design implications for future EUP systems.

关键词： end-user programming user study Wizard-of-Oz study World-Wide Web

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An end-user oriented visual programming language

An end-user oriented visual programming language

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International Conference on Advances in Materials Science and Information Technologies in Industry (AMSITI)

作者： Jia Ying Shen Beijun Yu Tianyu Zhu Jiangang Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Software Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783038350125

With the promotion of IT applications and the rise of Web 2.0, mass users' individual requirements continue to emerge. How to quickly meet increasing development and maintenance requirements has been a critical problem of software development. Is it possible for end-users to develop software? This paper chooses Web information systems as the research field, studies the end-user programming technology, and designs an end-user oriented visual domain-specific language VUDSL for university Web information systems. VUDSL programming tools are also implemented, to support end-users without the knowledge of software engineering to develop target information systems by visual programming.

关键词： end-user programming Visual programming DSL

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Text Understanding for programming in Natural Language: Control Structures 4

Text Understanding for Programming in Natural Language: Cont...

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IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE)

作者： Landhaeusser, Mathias Hug, Ronny Karlsruhe Inst Technol D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467370646

We investigate how natural languages such as English can be used as programming languages. Often, in natural language (as well as in programming) different actions happen at the same time or are repeated. In natural language we just say what is going to happen - in programming we use control structures. Story lines without equivalent language/phrase structures are unnatural and programs without control structures are hard to read. An empirical study showed how users express control structures in natural language. We propose a new and automatic text analysis. It leverages Stanford's typed dependencies to detect sentence structures that imply strictly sequential control flows, repetition, and parallelism. The technique is analyzed in the context of Alice, a 3D programming environment, and AliceNLP, a system for programming Alice in ordinary English. We evaluate our approach with 52 texts with 795 control-flow-affected elements in total and show that 82% of these elements can be detected successfully. We performed a second evaluation with manually corrected input and find that our approach successfully detects the control structures 97% of the time in the absence of parser errors.

关键词： Alice control structures end-user programming natural language processing programming with natural language Control Architecture Natural Language Processing natural languages programming end user programming ALICE Automatic text analysis text understanding Language

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Hammer: An Android Based Application for end-user Industrial Robot programming 10

Hammer: An Android Based Application for End-User Industrial...

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IEEE/ASME 10th International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA)

作者： Mateo, Carlos Brunete, Alberto Gambao, Ernesto Hernando, Miguel Univ Politecn Madrid Ctr Robot & Automat CAR UPM CSIC Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781479922802

This paper presents a novel tablet based end-user interface for industrial robot programming (called Hammer). This application makes easier to program tasks for industrial robots like polishing, milling or grinding. It is based on the Scratch programming language, but specifically design and created for Android OS. It is a visual programming concept that allows non-skilled programmer operators to create programs. The application also allows to monitor the tasks while it is being executed by overlapping real time information through augmented reality. The application includes a teach pendant screen that can be customized according to the operator needs at every moment.

关键词： industrial robot end-user programming android OS

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Designing DEVS visual interfaces for end-user programmers

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SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL 2015年第8期91卷 715-734页

作者： Maleki, Maryam Woodbury, Robert Goldstein, Rhys Breslav, Simon Khan, Azam Simon Fraser Univ Sch Interact Arts & Technol Surrey BC V3T 0A3 Canada Autodesk Res Toronto ON Canada

Although the Discrete Event System specification (DEVS) has over recent decades provided systems engineers with a scalable approach to modeling and simulation, the formalism has seen little uptake in many other disciplines where it could be equally useful. Our observations of end-user programmers confronted with DEVS theory or software suggest that learning barriers are largely responsible for this lack of utilization. To address these barriers, we apply ideas from human-computer interaction to the design of visual interfaces intended to promote their users' effective knowledge of essential DEVS concepts. The first step is to propose a set of names that make these concepts easier to learn. We then design and provide rationale for visual interfaces for interacting with various elements of DEVS models and simulation runs. Both the names and interface designs are evaluated using the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework, which emphasizes trade-offs between 14 aspects of information artifacts. As a whole, this work illustrates a generally applicable design process for the development of interactive formalism-based simulation environments that are learnable and usable to those who are not experts in simulation formalisms.

关键词： Discrete-event simulation end-user programming visual programming cognitive dimensions

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