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33rd Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Laput, Gierad Lasecki, Walter S. Wiese, Jason Xiao, Robert Bigham, Jeffrey P. Harrison, Chris Carnegie Mellon Univ HCI Inst 5000 Forbes Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Rochester ROC HCI Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450331456

The promise of "smart" homes, workplaces, schools, and other environments has long been championed. Unattractive, however, has been the cost to run wires and install sensors. More critically, raw sensor data tends not to align with the types of questions humans wish to ask, e.g., do I need to restock my pantry? Although techniques like computer vision can answer some of these questions, it requires significant effort to build and train appropriate classifiers. Even then, these systems are often brittle, with limited ability to handle new or unexpected situations, including being repositioned and environmental changes (e.g., lighting, furniture, seasons). We propose Zensors, a new sensing approach that fuses real-time human intelligence from online crowd workers with automatic approaches to provide robust, adaptive, and readily deployable intelligent sensors. With Zensors, users can go from question to live sensor feed in less than 60 seconds. Through our API, Zensors can enable a variety of rich end-user applications and moves us closer to the vision of responsive, intelligent environments.

关键词： Smart environments sensing human computation computer vision machine learning end-user programming H.5.2. [Information interfaces and presentation]: user interfaces - Input devices and strategies

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Supporting end-user Service Composition: A Systematic Review of Current Activities and Tools

Supporting End-User Service Composition: A Systematic Review...

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IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS)

作者： Hang, Feifei Zhao, Liping Univ Manchester Sch Comp Sci Manchester Lancs England

This paper presents a systematic literature review of end-user service composition. It reviews current activities performed by end users, and tools and approaches that enable them to compose and develop service system... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781467372725

关键词： Systematic literature review end user end-user service composition end-user development end-user programming end-user computing service composition platform

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A Principled Evaluation for a Principled Idea Garden

A Principled Evaluation for a Principled Idea Garden

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing*

作者： Jernigan, Will Horvath, Amber Lee, Michael Burnett, Margaret Cuilty, Taylor Kuttal, Sandeep Peters, Anicia Kwan, Irwin Bahmani, Faezeh Ko, Andrew Oregon State Univ Sch EECS Corvallis OR 97331 USA Univ Washington Informat Sch Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374576

Many systems are designed to help novices who want to learn programming, but few support those who are not interested in learning (more) programming. This paper targets the subset of end-user programmers (EUPs) in this category. We present a set of principles on how to help EUPs like this learn just a little when they need to overcome a barrier. We then instantiate the principles in a prototype and empirically investigate the principles in two studies: a formative think-aloud study and a pair of summer camps attended by 42 teens. Among the surprising results were the complementary roles of implicitly actionable hints versus explicitly actionable hints, and the importance of both context-free and context-sensitive availability. Under these principles, the camp participants required significantly less in-person help than in a previous camp to learn the same amount of material in the same amount of time.

关键词： end-user programming problem solving

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Automating Repetitive Tasks for the Masses 15

Automating Repetitive Tasks for the Masses

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42nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of programming Languages (POPL 15)

作者： Gulwani, Sumit Microsoft Res Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450333009

The programming languages (PL) research community has traditionally catered to the needs of professional programmers in the continuously evolving technical industry. However, there is a new opportunity that knocks our doors. The recent IT revolution has resulted in the masses having access to personal computing devices. More than 99% of these computer users are non-programmers and are today limited to being passive consumers of the software that is made available to them. Can we empower these users to more effectively leverage computers for their daily tasks? The formalisms, techniques, and tools developed in the PL and the formal methods research communities can play a pivotal role!

关键词： end-user programming Computer-aided Education programming by Examples programming by Natural Language Program Synthesis Domain-specific Languages Search Algorithms

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user Experience in Do-It-Yourself-Style Smart Homes 15

User Experience in Do-It-Yourself-Style Smart Homes

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ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp)

作者： Woo, Jong-bum Lim, Youn-kyung Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol 335 Gwahak Ro Taejon 305701 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781450335744

Do-it-yourself (DIY)-style smart home products enable users to create their own smart homes by installing sensors and actuators. DIY smart home products are a potential solution to current problems related to home automation products, such as inflexible user controls and high costs of installation. Although the expected user experience of DIY smart home products is different from that of previous home automation products, research on DIY smart home products is still in its early stages. In this paper, we report a 3-week in situ observational study involving eight households. The results suggest six stages of the DIY smart home usage cycle and design implications for improving the user experience of DIY smart home products.

关键词： Smart Home Do-It-Yourself Design end-user programming Domestic Technology

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Behavior-based clustering of visual code

Behavior-based clustering of visual code

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing*

作者： Surisetty, Sheela Law, Catherine Scaffidi, Chris Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA Oregon State Univ STEM Acad Corvallis OR 97331 USA Oregon State Univ Ctr Appl Syst & Software Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374576

A perennial problem with online repositories of end-user programmers' code is the low level of reuse, including in situations where existing code might aid in learning. This paper presents a formative study of middle-schoolers learning the Scratch animation environment, which revealed that they struggled to find short pieces of code that they could reuse directly, or from which they could discover language primitives (language instructions) to implement desired behavior. In response, we present a model and supporting prototype tool for clustering behaviorally similar code together, as a basis for helping end-user programmers to locate code. We conducted an empirical study confirming that our tool's model for estimating code similarity does correspond well with programmers' perceptions of code's behavioral similarity. Future work will expand on these results by providing new search engines that help end-user programmers to find and reuse visual code from online repositories.

关键词： end-user programming reuse Scratch

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A Review of Research Methods in end user Development 5

A Review of Research Methods in End User Development

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5th International Symposium of end-user Development (IS-EUD)

作者： Tetteroo, Daniel Markopoulos, Panos Eindhoven Univ Technol NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783319184258;9783319184241

This article gives a structured overview of the field of end user Development, and its related fields of end user programming, end user Software Engineering and meta-design. We have analyzed 93 papers from these fields that have been published between 2004 and 2013 in major and relevant journals and conference proceedings. The article discusses the methods, purpose and impact of the research that was analyzed, and points towards trends within the research community, as well as research gaps that need to be addressed.

关键词： end-user development end-user programming end-user software engineering Meta-design Survey

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Practical Trigger-Action programming in the Smart Home 14

Practical Trigger-Action Programming in the Smart Home

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32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Ur, Blase McManus, Elyse Ho, Melwyn Pak Yong Littman, Michael L. Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450324731

We investigate the practicality of letting average users customize smart-home devices using trigger-action ("if, then") programming. We find trigger-action programming can express most desired behaviors submitted by participants in an online study. We identify a class of triggers requiring machine learning that has received little attention. We evaluate the uniqueness of the 67,169 trigger-action programs shared on *** , finding that real users have written a large number of unique trigger-action interactions. Finally, we conduct a 226-participant usability test of trigger-action programming, finding that inexperienced users can quickly learn to create programs containing multiple triggers or actions.

关键词： end-user programming Home Automation Smart Home Internet of Things Condition-Action programming

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NLyze: Interactive programming by Natural Language for SpreadSheet Data Analysis and Manipulation 14

NLyze: Interactive Programming by Natural Language for Sprea...

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ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data

作者： Gulwani, Sumit Marron, Mark Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450323765

Millions of computer end users need to perform tasks over tabular spreadsheet data, yet lack the programming knowledge to do such tasks automatically. This paper describes the design and implementation of a robust natural language based interface to spreadsheet programming. Our methodology involves designing a typed domain-specific language (DSL) that supports an expressive algebra of map, filter, reduce, join, and formatting capabilities at a level of abstraction appropriate for non-expert users. The key algorithmic component of our methodology is a translation algorithm for converting a natural language specification in the context of a given spreadsheet to a ranked set of likely programs in the DSL. The translation algorithm leverages the spreadsheet spatial and temporal context to assign interpretations to specifications with implicit references, and is thus robust to a variety of ways in which end users can express the same task. The translation algorithm builds over ideas from keyword programming and semantic parsing to achieve both high precision and high recall. We implemented the system as an Excel add-in called NLyze that supports a rich user interaction model including annotating the user's natural language specification and explaining the synthesized DSL programs by paraphrasing them into structured English. We collected a total of 3570 English descriptions for 40 spreadsheet tasks and our system was able to generate the intended interpretation as the top candidate for 94% (97% for the top 3) of those instances.

关键词： Program Synthesis end-user programming Spreadsheet programming user Intent

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Targets-Drives-Means: A declarative approach to dynamic behavior specification with higher usability

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ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS 2014年第4期62卷 545-555页

作者： Berenz, V. Suzuki, K. RIKEN Brain Sci Inst Toyoto Collaborat Ctr Wako Saitama Japan Univ Tsukuba Artificial Intelligence Lab Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan Univ Tsukuba Fac Engn Informat & Syst Dept Intelligent Interact Technol Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan

Small humanoid robots are becoming more affordable and are now used in fields such as human-robot interaction, ethics, psychology, or education. For non-roboticists, the standard paradigm for robot visual programming is based on the selection of behavioral blocks, followed by their connection using communication links. These programs provide efficient user support during the development of complex series of movements and sequential behaviors. However, implementing dynamic control remains challenging because the data flow between components to enforce control loops, object permanence, the memories of object positions, odometry, and finite state machines has to be organized by the users. In this study, we develop a new programming paradigm, Targets-Drives-Means, which is suitable for the specification of dynamic robotic tasks. In this proposed approach, programming is based on the declarative association of reusable dynamic components. A central memory organizes the information flows automatically and issues related to dynamic control are solved by processes that remain hidden from the end users. The proposed approach has advantages during the implementation of dynamic behaviors, but it requires that users stop conceiving robotic tasks as the execution of a sequence of actions. Instead, users are required to organize their programs as collections of behaviors that run in parallel and compete for activation. This might be considered non-intuitive but we also report the positive outcomes of a usability experiment, which evaluated the accessibility of the proposed approach. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： end-user programming Usability Application layer Behavior specification Dynamic behaviors Commercial humanoid robots TDM

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