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2008 IET 4th International Conference on Intelligent Environments

作者： J.S.Y. Chin V. Callaghan G. Clarke University of Essex UK

The arrival of the digital home, signals a new era for both manufacturers and consumers. It raises the possibility that people may be able to create their own unique digital home functionalities, by combining elemental network services to create sophisticated "virtual appliances" that satisfy their individual needs and desires. We present taxonomy of approaches for customising digital homes and use this to introduce a novel computational methodology, that we term 'pervasive interactive programming' (PiP), that allows non-technical end-users to build their own "virtual appliances"for customising their 'electronic environments' without the need to write program code. We show this approach is novel in that it firstly allows the user to translate mental concepts into functions (which differs to agent based approaches using historical behaviour data to form functions) and secondly it moves "programming-by-example" from single processor computers into real-time distributed embedded computing environments. Finally we report on a small evaluation which showed it was possible for non-programmers to use these tools to customise the electronic functionality of their digital homes.

关键词： end-user programming programming-by-Example Deconstruction Digital Homes Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous computing digital home Customizing Homes end user programming Individual Needs Function Consumers

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A Spreadsheet-like Construct for Streamlining and Reusing Mashups

A Spreadsheet-like Construct for Streamlining and Reusing Ma...

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The 9th International Conference for Young Computer Scientists(第九届国际青年计算机大会)

作者： Yanbo Han Guiling Wang Shaohua Yang Research Center for Grid and Service Computing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy o Research Center for Grid and Service Computing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy o

It is challenging to provide end users an easy-to-use problem-solving tool to combine data from different sources and reuse the results. Inspired by spreadsheets, we argue that spreadsheet-like programming paradigm can help to reduce the complexity and to improve user experience in building mashups. In this paper, we propose a spreadsheet-like construct as the basis of this mashup building paradigm. The construct includes a data model, a ?°nested table?± view structure and a set of carefully chosen mashup operators. Data from a variety of sources is structured like a spreadsheet, and end-users are not necessarily aware of the underlining data flow. SpiderCharlotte, a tool to help end users to build situational applications for their daily uses, was developed to demonstrate the characteristics of this construct.

关键词： Situational applications mashups nested table end-user programming

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Bespoke appliances for the digital home

Bespoke appliances for the digital home

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2008 IET 4th International Conference on Intelligent Environments

作者： Brian David Johnson Vic Callaghan Michael Gardner University of Essex USA Intel Corporation USA

The arrival of the digital home brings both new opportunities and challenges for the systematic development, testing and iteration process for bringing meaningful products to a global market. In this paper we describe a method being used by Intel to address this complex issue; Consumer Experience Architecture (CEA). We discuss how the CEA may be applied to the introduction of radically new concept for future digital- home appliances called meta-appliances in which traditional appliance and applications are deconstructed in a way that consumers can reassemble them to create bespoke appliances for their digital homes.

关键词： Socio-technical Product development Consumer Experience Architecture Digital homes Bespoke-appliances Customisation Personalisation end-user programming Customization digital home Product Design end user programming Appliances bespoke development test EQUIPMENT Carcinoembryonic Antigen Iterative Process Consumers

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Linguagens computacionais como interfaces: um estudo com nested context language 08

Linguagens computacionais como interfaces: um estudo com nes...

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Proceedings of the VIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Carlos de Salles Soares Neto Clarisse Sieckenius de Souza Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares UFMA São Luís MA -- Brasil and PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brasil PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brasil

ISBN: (纸本)9788576692034

This paper presents an empirical study about the Nested Context Language (NCL), which is a language developed to create multimedia documents and Interactive Digital TV (IDTV) applications for the Brazilian system. The goal was to obtain indicators of NCL usability in the generation of content for IDTV, since this language plays the role of interface language for users. Through data collected on forms filled by 220 students from various classes of training courses conducted in some states of Brazil and later analysis by a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, some aspects were found where the NCL profile can and should be improved in order to ease the activities of content creators for IDTV, who have a heterogeneous profile and are not necessarily familiar with computer programming.

关键词： user studies interactive digital TV applications middleware Ginga nested context language end-user programming

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Deconstructing ambient intelligence into ambient narratives: the intelligent shop window 08

Deconstructing ambient intelligence into ambient narratives:...

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Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Ambient media and systems

作者： Mark van Doorn Evert van Loenen Arjen P. de Vries Philips Research Laboratories AE Eindhoven The Netherlands Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science SJ Amsterdam The Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9789639799165

Producing intelligent environments that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of users and their environment on a large scale is difficult. On one hand, it is technologically very hard to mass produce a device so smart that it is capable of generating a truly personal ambient experience for each situational context, on the other hand, tailor-made solutions are often economically infeasible. In this paper we discuss a mass customization approach towards Ambient Intelligence that tries to balance variety and cost by breaking up an intelligent environment into small, interrelated modular fragments. Through interaction with their environment users assemble these fragments in a personal story that is experienced as Ambient Intelligence. We describe the requirements derived through a series of workshops with retailers and designers and illustrate the design of the physical hypermedia model and system. Using a test case, the intelligent shop window environment, we evaluate the feasibility of the approach.

关键词： end-user programming intelligent shop window ambient intelligence interactive narrative

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Application of visual programming to Web mash up development 1

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12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 2007)

作者： Lim, Seung Chan Lowe, Sandi Koempel, Jeremy MAYA Design 2730 Sydney St Building 2 Suite 300 Pittsburgh PA 15203 USA

ISBN: (数字)9783540731054

ISBN: (纸本)9783540731047

The ongoing adoption of the latest Web development patterns such as AJAX is helping to enhance the user experience on the Web. Moreover, there is now API-based support from various vendors that allow seamless fusion of disparate data sources into a single application. However, the barrier for Web designers to integrate such features into their Web applications remains high. This hampers a wider proliferation of such novel Web applications. In this paper, we conduct an experiment to see whether visual programming is appropriate for allowing Web designers integrate the aforementioned features. For the experiment, we have developed a prototype, tentatively named WIPER that allows Web designers to incorporate pre-built JavaScript components into live Web pages using drag-and-drop. We combined rapid revision with usability testing to iteratively advance our prototype. Working with users, we have learned that with some targeted refinements, visual programming paradigm can be very effective in achieving our goal.

关键词： visual programming dataflow architecture JavaScript rapid prototyping end-user programming

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Tangible functional programming

Tangible functional programming

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12th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional programming

作者： Elliott, Conal M. LambdaPix

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938152

We present a user-friendly approach to unifying program creation and execution, based on a notion of "tangible values" (TVs), which are visual and interactive manifestations of pure values, including functions. programming happens by gestural composition of TVs. Our goal is to give end-users the ability to create parameterized, composable content without imposing the usual abstract and linguistic working style of programmers. We hope that such a system will put the essence of programming into the hands of many more people, and in particular people with artistic/visual creative style. In realizing this vision, we develop algebras for visual presentation and for "deep" function application, where function and argument may both be nested within a structure of tuples, functions, etc. Composition gestures are translated into chains of combinators that act simultaneously on statically typed values and their visualizations.

关键词： human factors languages theory interactive programming end-user programming gestural composition combinator libraries arrows interactive visualization

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user-friendly functional programming for web mashups

User-friendly functional programming for web mashups

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12th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional programming

作者： Ennals, Rob Gay, David Intel Res Berkeley Berkeley CA 94704 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938152

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets-reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.

关键词： languages human factors design management mashup web end-user programming browser

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Database design for ecologists: Composing core entities with observations

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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS 2007年第3期2卷 224-236页

作者： McIntosh, Anne C. S. Cushing, Judith B. Nadkarni, Nalini M. Zeman, Lee Evergreen State Coll Olympia WA 98505 USA

The ecoinformatics community recognizes that ecological synthesis across studies, space, and time will require new informatics tools and infrastructure. Recent advances have been encouraging, but many problems still face ecologists who manage their own datasets, prepare data for archiving, and search data stores for synthetic research. In this paper, we describe how work by the Canopy Database Project (CDP) might enable use of database technology by field ecologists: increasing the quality of database design, improving data validation, and providing structural and semantic metadata - all of which might improve the quality of data archives and thereby help drive ecological synthesis. The CDP has experimented with conceptual components for database design, templates, to address information technology issues facing ecologists. Templates represent forest structures and observational measurements on these structures. using our software, researchers select templates to represent their study's data and can generate normalized relational databases. information hidden in those databases is used by ancillary tools, including data intake forms and simple data validation, data visualization, and metadata export. The primary question we address in this paper is, which templates are the right templates. We argue for defining simple templates (with relatively few attributes) that describe the domain's major entities, and for coupling those with focused and flexible observation templates. We present a conceptual model for the observation data type, and show how we have implemented the model as an observation entity in the DataBank database designer and generator. We show how our visualization tool CanopyView exploits metadata made explicit by DataBank to help scientists with analysis and synthesis. We conclude by presenting future plans for tools to conduct statistical calculations common to forest ecology and to enhance data mining with DataBank databases. DataBank could be extend

关键词： data visualization domain-specific conceptual structures ecoinformatics end-user programming forest canopy semantic data integration database design

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Component-based end-user database design for ecologists

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2007年第1期29卷 7-24页

作者： Cushing, Judith Bayard Nadkarni, Nalini Finch, Michael Fiala, Anne Murphy-Hill, Emerson Delcambre, Lois Maier, David Evergreen State Coll Olympia WA 98505 USA Univ Arizona Dept Planetary Sci Lunar & Planetary Lab Tucson AZ 85721 USA Portland State Univ Portland OR 97201 USA

To solve today's ecological problems, scientists need well documented, validated, and coherent data archives. Historically, however, ecologists have collected and stored data idiosyncratically, making data integration even among close collaborators difficult. Further, effective ecology data warehouses and subsequent data mining require that individual databases be accurately described with metadata against which the data themselves have been validated. Using database technology would make documenting data sets for archiving, integration, and data mining easier, but few ecologists have expertise to use database technology and they cannot afford to hire programmers. In this paper, we identify the benefits that would accrue from ecologists' use of modern information technology and the obstacles that prevent that use. We describe our prototype, the Canopy DataBank, through which we aim to enable individual ecologists in the forest canopy research community to be their own database programmers. The key feature that makes this possible is domain-specific database components, which we call templates. We also show how additional tools that reuse these components, such as for visualization, could provide gains in productivity and motivate the use of new technology. Finally, we suggest ways in which communities might share database components and how components might be used to foster easier data integration to solve new ecological problems.

关键词： ecosystem informatics end-user programming domain-specific data structures spatial databases scientific visualization

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