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Potluck: Semi-ontology alignment for casual users

6th International Semantic Web Conference/2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007/ASWC 2007)

作者： Huynh, David F. Miller, Robert C. Karger, David R. MIT Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab 32 Vassar St Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783540762973

Potluck is a web user interface (Figure 1) that lets casual users-those without programming skills and data modeling expertise- repurpose heterogeneous Semantic Web data. It lets users merge, navigate, visualize, and clean up data all at the same time, using direct visual manipulation. This iterative process of integrating the data while constructing useful visualizations is desirable when the user is unfamiliar with the data at the beginning-a common case-and wishes to get immediate value out of the data without having to spend the overhead of completely and perfectly integrating the data first.

关键词： mash up drag and drop faceted browsing simultaneous editing ontology alignment end-user programming semantic web RDF

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Koala: Capture, Share, Automate, Personalize Business Processes on the Web 07

Koala: Capture, Share, Automate, Personalize Business Proces...

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Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Little, Greg Lau, Tessa A. Cypher, Allen Lin, James Haber, Eben M. Kandogan, Eser MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595935939

We present Koala, a system that enables users to capture, share, automate, and personalize business processes on the web. Koala is a collaborative programming-by-demonstration system that records, edits, and plays back user interactions as pseudo-natural language scripts that are both human- and machine-interpretable. Unlike previous programming by demonstration systems, Koala leverages sloppy programming that interprets pseudo-natural language instructions (as opposed to formal syntactic statements) in the context of a given web page's elements and actions. Koala scripts are automatically stored in the Koalescence wiki, where a community of users can share, run, and collaboratively develop their "how-to" knowledge. Koala also takes advantage of corporate and personal data stores to automatically generalize and instantiate user-specific data, so that scripts created by one user are automatically personalized for others. Our initial experiences suggest that Koala is surprisingly effective at interpreting instructions originally written for people.

关键词： end-user programming programming by Demonstration Wiki Automation

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user-friendly functional programming for web mashups

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2007年第9期42卷 223-233页

作者： Ennals, Rob Gay, David Intel Res Berkeley Berkeley CA 94704 USA

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets-reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.

关键词： languages human factors design management mashup web end-user programming browser

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Tangible functional programming

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2007年第9期42卷 59-70页

作者： Elliott, Conal M. LambdaPix

We present a user-friendly approach to unifying program creation and execution, based on a notion of "tangible values" (TVs), which are visual and interactive manifestations of pure values, including functions. programming happens by gestural composition of TVs. Our goal is to give end-users the ability to create parameterized, composable content without imposing the usual abstract and linguistic working style of programmers. We hope that such a system will put the essence of programming into the hands of many more people, and in particular people with artistic/visual creative style. In realizing this vision, we develop algebras for visual presentation and for "deep" function application, where function and argument may both be nested within a structure of tuples, functions, etc. Composition gestures are translated into chains of combinators that act simultaneously on statically typed values and their visualizations.

关键词： human factors languages theory interactive programming end-user programming gestural composition combinator libraries arrows interactive visualization

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Potluck: Data mash-up tool for casual users

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6th International Semantic Web Conference/2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007/ASWC 2007)

作者： Huynh, David F. Miller, Robert C. Karger, David R. MIT Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab 32 Vassar St Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783540762973

As more and more reusable structured data appears on the Web, casual users will want to take into their own hands the task of mashing up data rather than wait for mash-up sites to be built that address exactly their individually unique needs. In this paper, we present Potluck, a Web user interface that lets casual users-those without programming skills and data modeling expertise - mash up data themselves. Potluck is novel in its use of drag and drop for merging fields, its integration and extension of the faceted browsing paradigm for focusing on subsets of data to align, and its application of simultaneous editing for cleaning up data syntactically. Potluck also lets the user construct rich visualizations of data in-place as the user aligns and cleans up the data. This iterative process of integrating the data while constructing useful visualizations is desirable when the user is unfamiliar with the data at the beginning-a common case-and wishes to get immediate value out of the data without having to spend the overhead of completely and perfectly integrating the data first. A user study on Potluck indicated that it was usable and learnable, and elicited excitement from programmers who, even with their programming skills, previously had great difficulties performing data integration.

关键词： mash up drag and drop faceted browsing simultaneous editing ontology alignment end-user programming semantic web RDF

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HCI 2.0?: usability meets web 2.0 07

HCI 2.0?: usability meets web 2.0

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Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 2

作者： Alan Dix Laura Cowen Lancaster University Lancaster UK IBM UK Ltd Winchester

ISBN: (纸本)9781902505954

The web has already dramatically changed society, but the web itself is changing. Web2.0 sites mean that users have become the producers of content and the designers of each others' viewing experience. Technologies such as AJAX combined with public Javascript libraries have allowed applications to be deployed that once would have required extensive programming. Open APIs and mashups make it difficult to tell the difference between a service, and application or a web page. So what are the challenges for HCI when every user is designer, and every menu a different behaviour, when experience outranks efficiency, and connectivity replaces consistency?

关键词： social networking web 2.0 AJAX end-user programming user experience

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Using LSCs for scenario authoring in tactical simulators 07

Using LSCs for scenario authoring in tactical simulators

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Proceedings of the 2007 Summer Computer Simulation Conference

作者： Yoram Atir David Harel The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781565553163

The scenario-based approach to programming is adapted for use in tactical simulators, in which highly structured interentity scenarios are used for practicing and assessing decision making. The adapted approach, using the LSC language, enables end-users to capture scenario specification directly from the unfolding 3D scene. The specified scenarios are then used both for behavior monitoring and for the orchestration of simulation runs.

关键词： behavioral specification tactical simulators end-user programming live sequence charts (LSCs) scenario authoring

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A joint controller-simulator programming by demonstration method for PLC devices

A joint controller-simulator programming by demonstration me...

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IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems

作者： Changsakol, Phissanu Chotikakamthorn, Nopporn Wongwirat, Olam King Mogkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang Fac Informat Technol Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781424400225

In this paper, a problem of visual programming of PLC (programmable logic controller) devices is described. A programming by demonstration method is developed so that a problem-domain expert can program such devices without computer programming skill. The method is novel in the sense that, unlike other programming-by-demonstration methods, it requires little a priori knowledge of the controlled system model, nor it needs to interact with a real system. A simulation model, which captures the laws of nature governing the system behavior, is jointly programmed with a control device (PLC). A PLC programming tool, developed based on the proposed joint controller-simulator programming by demonstration paradigm, can generate a high-level structure text program code, from the demonstrated actions as performed by a user.

关键词： programming by demonstration programmable logic controller programming paradigm end-user programming

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A pervasive computing programming approach for non-technical users

A pervasive computing programming approach for non-technical...

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1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications

作者： Chin, Jeannette S. Callaghan, Vic Clarke, Graham Univ Essex Dept Comp Sci Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

ISBN: (纸本)1424403251

Our homes are rapidly being filled with diverse types of products ranging from simple lighting systems to sophisticated entertainment systems, all adding to the functionality and convenience available to the home user. In this paper we introduce a variant of end-user programming in the form of a tool called PiP that empowers non technical end users to be able to "program" the functionality of their personal pervasive computing environments to suit their particular needs. The paper also includes a user evaluation that shows end-users find this approach to be a useable and enjoyable experience.

关键词： pervasive computing end-user programming programming-by-example show-me-by-demonstration deconstruction digital home intelligent environment extreme programming end-user empowerment

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Interactive fault localization techniques in a spreadsheet environment

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2006年第4期32卷 213-239页

作者： Ruthruff, JR Burnett, M Rothermel, G Univ Nebraska Dept Comp Sci & Engn Lincoln NE 68588 USA Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA

end-user programmers develop more software than any other group of programmers, using software authoring devices such as multimedia simulation builders, e-mail filtering editors, by-demonstration macro builders, and spreadsheet environments. Despite this, there has been only a little research on finding ways to help these programmers with the dependability of the software they create. We have been working to address this problem in several ways, one of which includes supporting end-user debugging activities through interactive fault localization techniques. This paper investigates fault localization techniques in the spreadsheet domain, the most common type of end-user programming environment. We investigate a technique previously described in the research literature and two new techniques. We present the results of an empirical study to examine the impact of two individual factors on the effectiveness of fault localization techniques. Our results reveal several insights into the contributions such techniques can make to the end-user debugging process and highlight key issues of interest to researchers and practitioners who may design and evaluate future fault localization techniques.

关键词： fault localization debugging end-user software engineering spreadsheets end-user programming

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