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19th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 97) - Pulling Together

作者： Wasserman, AI Software Methods & Tools 176 Gold Mine Drive San Francisco CA

ISBN: (纸本)0897919149

This panel will discuss design issues and features associated with development environments for the Java programming language, including cross-platform issues, virtual machine support, libraries, interpretation vs. compilation, applications vs. applets, and categories of developers. Panelists are each affiliated with an organization that has built such an environment.

关键词： Java programming environments compilers interpreters end-user programming

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Improv: An Input Framework for Improvising Cross-Device Interaction by Demonstration

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION 2017年第2期24卷 15-15页

作者： Chen, Xiang 'Anthony' Li, Yang Carnegie Mellon Univ Human Comp Interact Inst 5000 Forbes Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Google Res 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy Mountain View CA 94043 USA

As computing devices become increasingly ubiquitous, it is now possible to combine the unique capabilities of different devices or Internet of Things to accomplish a task. However, there is currently a high technical barrier for creating cross-device interaction. This is especially challenging for end users who have limited technical expertise-end users would greatly benefit from custom cross-device interaction that best suits their needs. In this article, we present Improv, a cross-device input framework that allows a user to easily leverage the capability of additional devices to create new input methods for an existing, unmodified application, e.g., creating custom gestures on a smartphone to control a desktop presentation application. Instead of requiring developers to anticipate and program these cross-device behaviors in advance, Improv enables end users to improvise them on the fly by simple demonstration, for their particular needs and devices at hand. We showcase a range of scenarios where Improv is used to create a diverse set of useful cross-device input. Our study with 14 participants indicated that on average it took a participant 10 seconds to create a cross-device input technique. In addition, Improv achieved 93.7% accuracy in interpreting user demonstration of a target UI behavior by looking at the raw input events from a single example.

关键词： Cross-device interaction end-user programming programming by demonstration gesture-based interaction input framework

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Form-Based Web Service Composition for Domain Experts

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON THE WEB 2013年第1期8卷 2-2页

作者： Weber, Ingo Paik, Hye-Young Benatallah, Boualem NICTA Sydney NSW Australia Univ New S Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

In many cases, it is not cost effective to automate business processes which affect a small number of people and/or change frequently. We present a novel approach for enabling domain experts to model and deploy such processes from their respective domain as Web service compositions. The approach builds on user-editable service, naming and representing Web services as forms. On this basis, the approach provides a visual composition language with a targeted restriction of control-flow expressivity, process simulation, automated process verification mechanisms, and code generation for executing orchestrations. A Web-based service composition prototype implements this approach, including a WS-BPEL code generator. A small lab user study with 14 participants showed promising results for the usability of the system, even for nontechnical domain experts.

关键词： Design Algorithms Verification Web service composition end-user programming automatic code generation business process modelling SaaS

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PROGRAMMATIC INTERFACES FOR INTEGRATION OF DIVERSE WEB CONTENTS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2013年第10期23卷 1487-1511页

作者： Guo, Junxia Han, Hao Beijing Univ Chem Technol Coll Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Kanagawa Univ Fac Sci Dept Informat Sci Hiratsuka Kanagawa 2591293 Japan

The technology that integrates various types of Web contents to build a new Web application through end-user programming is widely used nowadays. However, the Web contents do not have a uniform interface for accessing the data and computation. Most of the general Web users access information on the Web through applications until now. Hence, designing a uniform and flexible programmatic interface for integration of different Web contents is unavoidable. In this paper, we propose an approach that can be used to analyze Web applications automatically and reuse the information of Web applications through the programmatic interface we designed. Our approach can support the flexible integration of Web applications, Web services and Web feeds. In our experiments, we use a large number of Web pages from different types of Web applications and achieve the integration by the proposed programmatic interfaces. The experimental results show that our approach brings to the end-users a flexible and user-friendly programming environment.

关键词： Programmatic interface integration Web application Web service partial information extraction end-user programming

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Reverse Engineering end-user Developed Web Applications into a Model-based Framework

Reverse Engineering End-user Developed Web Applications into...

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作者： Bhardwaj, Yogita Virginia Tech | University

The main goal of this research is to facilitate end-user and expert developer collaboration in the creation of a web application. This research created a reverse engineering toolset and integrated it with Click (Component-based Lightweight Internet-application Construction Kit), an end-user web development tool. The toolset generates artifacts to facilitate collaboration between end-users and expert web developers when the end-users need to go beyond the limited capabilities of Click. By supporting smooth transition of workflow to expert web developers, we can help them in implementing advanced functionality in end-user developed web applications. The four artifacts generated include a sitemap, text documentation, a task model, and a canonical representation of the user interface. The sitemap is automatically generated to support the workflow of web developers. The text documentation of a web application is generated to document data representation and business logic. A task model, expressed using ConcurTaskTrees notation, covers the whole interaction specified by the end-user. A presentation and dialog model, represented in user Interface Markup Language (UIML), describe the user interface in a declarative language. The task model and UIML representation are created to support development of multi-platform user interfaces from an end-user web application. A formative evaluation of the usability of these models and representations with experienced web developers revealed that these representations were useful and easy to understand.

关键词： Reverse Engineering Model-based approach end-user programming Web application development user Interface tools Thesis

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A NEW end-user COMPOSITION MODEL TO EMPOWER KNOWLEDGE WORKERS TO DEVELOP RICH INTERNET APPLICATIONS

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JOURNAL OF WEB ENGINEERING 2011年第3期10卷 197-233页

作者： Lizcano, David Alonso, Fernando Soriano, Javier Lopez, Genoveva Univ Politecn Madrid Sch Comp Madrid Spain

Enabling real end-user programming development is the next logical stage in the evolution of Internet-wide service-based applications. Even so, the vision of end users programming their own web-based solutions has not yet materialized. This will continue to be so unless both industry and the research community rise to the ambitious challenge of devising an end-to-end compositional model for developing a new age of end-user web application development tools. This paper describes a new composition model designed to empower programming-illiterate end users to create and share their own off-the-shelf rich Internet applications in a fully visual fashion. This paper presents the main insights and outcomes of our research and development efforts as part of a number of successful European Union research projects. A framework implementing this model was developed as part of the European Seventh Framework Programme FAST Project and the Spanish EzWeb Project and allowed us to validate the rationale behind our approach.

关键词： end-user programming user-centred service-oriented architectures rich internet application

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ANDES: An approach to embed search services on the Web browser

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2022年第0期82卷 1页

作者： Bosetti, Gabriela Tacuri, Alex Gambo, Ishaya Firmenich, Sergio Rossi, Gustavo Winckler, Marco Fernandez, Alejandro VeryConnect Pavil 1 12 Minerva Way Glasgow G3 8AU Lanark Scotland Escuela Super Politecn Chimborazo Panamer Sur Km 1 & 1-2 Riobamba Ecuador UNLP Fac Informat LIFIA Calle 50 & 120S-N La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina Univ Tartu Inst Comp Sci EE-51009 Tartu Estonia Obafemi Awolowo Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Ife Nigeria Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn RA-2290 Godoy Cruz Buenos Aires Argentina Univ Cote dAzur SPARKS Team I3S Sophia Antipolis France CICPBA Calle 526 Entre 10 & 11 La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina

This article addresses search tasks, which are the most frequent type of tasks users do nowadays on the Web. We suggest that the customization of search services would improve the user's searching experience, and it also might make search tasks more effective and efficient. We analyze user tasks for performing searches and types of search services. Then, we distinguish between primary search tasks (related to the initial user goal) and ancillary search tasks (those that are performed to find additional information necessary to understand how to achieve a primary search task). We also explain different types of search services, including global search services (which has an extensive search scope, possibly the whole Web) and in-site search services (which has a narrow scope of search focused on a specific Web site or data set). We also discuss features embedded into Web browsers to support search tasks and how Web browsers can support extensions allowing users to integrate customized search services. We propose an approach called ANDES that allows users to integrate into the Web browser new search services that are created by customizing search services offered by existing Web sites. By means of Web augmentation techniques, we demonstrate how users can customize the browser to trigger search services to any Web site and integrate the Web page results. We report on two evaluations showing that end-users can specify and use search services following our approach and that the proposed interaction is more convenient in contrast to traditional mechanisms. Beyond the tool used to demonstrate the feasibility of the ANDES approach, this paper aims to discuss new strategies for end-user programming that allow users to customize search services over the Web.

关键词： Web search end-user programming user experience Web augmentation

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end-user modeling of quality for web components

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JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROCESS 2023年第3期35卷

作者： Lizcano, David Martinez-Ortiz, Andres-Leonardo Grignard, Arnaud Lopez, Genoveva Madrid Open Univ UDIMA Madrid Spain Comp Soc GoogleCloud Ecosyst Program Geneva Switzerland Univ Politecn Madrid Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Informat Seville Spain MIT Media Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

With years of frantic development, when release fast and release often was the mandatory rule for web technologies and services, the open source paradigm and online distribution repositories have imposed de facto standards for quality assessment in fast-paced innovation processes. Nowadays, however, in pursuit of productivity, security, and user satisfaction, the industry is beginning, through the introduction of new standards such as ECMAScript 6 or web components, to consider software engineering mandates for web technologies. This article reports a quality model aligned with international standard ISO/IEC 25010, covering web components technology, which ultimately aims to improve adoption by the software engineering industry, traditionally wary of agile Internet practices, the open source paradigm, and public repositories. Our research also presents an experimentation platform on which end users have validated the quality properties, highlighting the implicit connection with the perceived quality. The key result of our research convinces us that user ratings are suitable as a testing mechanism for product quality and quality-in-use metrics in order to define an absolute scale of comparison for web component quality.

关键词： end-user programming end-user software engineering human-computer interaction human-inspired metrics reliability software quality

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Why-Oriented end-user Debugging of Naive Bayes Text Classification

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERACTIVE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2011年第1期1卷 2-2页

作者： Kulesza, Todd Stumpf, Simone Wong, Weng-Keen Burnett, Margaret M. Perona, Stephen Ko, Amy J. Oberst, Ian Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA City Univ London Ctr Human Comp Interact Design London England Univ Washington Informat Sch Seattle WA 98195 USA

Machine learning techniques are increasingly used in intelligent assistants, that is, software targeted at and continuously adapting to assist end users with email, shopping, and other tasks. Examples include desktop SPAM filters, recommender systems, and handwriting recognition. Fixing such intelligent assistants when they learn incorrect behavior, however, has received only limited attention. To directly support end-user "debugging" of assistant behaviors learned via statistical machine learning, we present a Why-oriented approach which allows users to ask questions about how the assistant made its predictions, provides answers to these "why" questions, and allows users to interactively change these answers to debug the assistant's current and future predictions. To understand the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, we then conducted an exploratory study to investigate barriers that participants could encounter when debugging an intelligent assistant using our approach, and the information those participants requested to overcome these barriers. To help ensure the inclusiveness of our approach, we also explored how gender differences played a role in understanding barriers and information needs. We then used these results to consider opportunities for Why-oriented approaches to address user barriers and information needs.

关键词： Debugging end-user programming machine learning

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Active Multiple Kernel Learning for Interactive 3D Object Retrieval Systems

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERACTIVE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2011年第1期1卷 3-3页

作者： Hoi, Steven C. H. Jin, Rong Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Michigan State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn E Lansing MI 48824 USA

An effective relevance feedback solution plays a key role in interactive intelligent 3D object retrieval systems. In this work, we investigate the relevance feedback problem for interactive intelligent 3D object retrieval, with the focus on studying effective machine learning algorithms for improving the user's interaction in the retrieval task. One of the key challenges is to learn appropriate kernel similarity measure between 3D objects through the relevance feedback interaction with users. We address this challenge by presenting a novel framework of Active multiple kernel learning (AMKL), which exploits multiple kernel learning techniques for relevance feedback in interactive 3D object retrieval. The proposed framework aims to efficiently identify an optimal combination of multiple kernels by asking the users to label the most informative 3D images. We evaluate the proposed techniques on a dataset of over 10, 000 3D models collected from the World Wide Web. Our experimental results show that the proposed AMKL technique is significantly more effective for 3D object retrieval than the regular relevance feedback techniques widely used in interactive content-based image retrieval, and thus is promising for enhancing user's interaction in such interactive intelligent retrieval systems.

关键词： Debugging end-user programming machine learning

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