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Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Laura Beckwith Margaret Burnett Susan Wiedenbeck Curtis Cook Shraddha Sorte Michelle Hastings Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania

ISBN: (纸本)9781581139983

Although gender differences in a technological world are receiving significant research attention, much of the research and practice has aimed at how society and education can impact the successes and retention of female computer science professionals-but the possibility of gender issues within software has received almost no attention. If gender issues exist with some types of software features, it is possible that accommodating them by changing these features can increase effectiveness, but only if we know what these issues are. In this paper, we empirically investigate gender differences for end users in the context of debugging spreadsheets. Our results uncover significant gender differences in self-efficacy and feature acceptance, with females exhibiting lower self-efficacy and lower feature acceptance. The results also show that these differences can significantly reduce females' effectiveness.

关键词： debugging surprise-explain-reward end-user programming end-user software engineering gender

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Programmable Smart Home Toolkits Should Better Address Households’ Social Needs 21

Programmable Smart Home Toolkits Should Better Address House...

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Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Antti Salovaara Andrea Bellucci Andrea Vianello Giulio Jacucci Department of Design School of ARTS Aalto University Finland and Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Finland Department of Computer Science Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT Aalto University Finland Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380966

end-user-programmable smart-home toolkits have engendered excitement in recent years. However, modern homes already cater quite well to users’ needs, and genuinely new needs for smart-home automation seldom arise. Acknowledging this challenging starting point, we conducted a six-week in-the-wild study of smart-home toolkits with four carefully recruited technology-savvy families. Interleaved with free toolkit use in the home were several creativity workshops to facilitate ideation and programming. We evaluated use experiences at the end of the six weeks. Even with extensive facilitation, families faced difficulties in identifying needs for smart-home automation, except for social needs that emerged in all the families. We present analysis of those needs and discuss how end-user-programmable toolkits could better engage with both those household members who design new automated functions and those who merely ‘use’ them.

关键词： internet of things appropriation trigger–action programming in-the-wild study smart homes end-user programming

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A Spreadsheet-like Construct for Streamlining and Reusing Mashups

A Spreadsheet-like Construct for Streamlining and Reusing Ma...

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The 9th International Conference for Young Computer Scientists(第九届国际青年计算机大会)

作者： Yanbo Han Guiling Wang Shaohua Yang Research Center for Grid and Service Computing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy o Research Center for Grid and Service Computing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy o

It is challenging to provide end users an easy-to-use problem-solving tool to combine data from different sources and reuse the results. Inspired by spreadsheets, we argue that spreadsheet-like programming paradigm can help to reduce the complexity and to improve user experience in building mashups. In this paper, we propose a spreadsheet-like construct as the basis of this mashup building paradigm. The construct includes a data model, a ?°nested table?± view structure and a set of carefully chosen mashup operators. Data from a variety of sources is structured like a spreadsheet, and end-users are not necessarily aware of the underlining data flow. SpiderCharlotte, a tool to help end users to build situational applications for their daily uses, was developed to demonstrate the characteristics of this construct.

关键词： Situational applications mashups nested table end-user programming

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A Plug-in Architecture for Connecting to New Data Sources on Mobile Devices

A Plug-in Architecture for Connecting to New Data Sources on...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing

作者： Kerry Shih-Ping Chang Brad A. Myers Gene M. Cahill Soumya Simanta Edwin Morris Grace Lewis Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903702

A key use for mobile devices is to search and view online information while on the go. As a result, many mobile applications serve as front ends for online databases. While there are many thousands of data sources that provide web service APIs giving access to their databases, creating mobile applications to use those sources requires significant mobile programming knowledge and a significant amount of time. We introduce Spinel, a plug-in architecture for Android, and a set of web-based configuration tools that together enable users to connect mobile applications to new data sources without programming. Spinel also provides APIs that make it easy for developers to create new applications that use those data sources. We provide three demonstration Android applications that use such data: Listpad for entering personal lists, Listviewer for viewing results of data queries, and Mapviewer for displaying query results on a map. An informal usability study showed that users could successfully attach new data sources to those applications.

关键词： end-user programming mobile devices plug-ins web APIs mashups

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Context Model Acquisition from Spoken Utterances

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2017年第9-10期27卷 1439-1453页

作者： Weigelt, Sebastian Hey, Tobias Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Program Struct & Data Org D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany

Current systems with spoken language interfaces do not leverage contextual information. Therefore, they struggle with understanding speakers' intentions. We propose a system that creates a context model from user utterances to overcome this lack of information. It comprises eight types of contextual information organized in three layers: individual, conceptual, and hierarchical. We have implemented our approach as a part of the project PARSE. It aims at enabling laypersons to construct simple programs by dialog. Our implementation incrementally generates context including occurring entities and actions as well as their conceptualizations, state transitions, and other types of contextual information. Its analyses are knowledge- or rule-based (depending on the context type), but we make use of many well-known probabilistic NLP techniques. In a user study we have shown the feasibility of our approach, achieving F-1 scores from 72% up to 98% depending on the type of contextual information. The context model enables us to resolve complex identity relations. However, quantifying this effect is subject to future work. Likewise, we plan to investigate whether our context model is useful for other language understanding tasks, e.g. anaphora resolution, topic analysis, or correction of automatic speech recognition errors.

关键词： Spoken language interfaces spoken language understanding language model programming in natural language end-user programming ontologies natural language processing knowledge representation context model context natural language understanding

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Bespoke appliances for the digital home

Bespoke appliances for the digital home

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2008 IET 4th International Conference on Intelligent Environments

作者： Brian David Johnson Vic Callaghan Michael Gardner University of Essex USA Intel Corporation USA

The arrival of the digital home brings both new opportunities and challenges for the systematic development, testing and iteration process for bringing meaningful products to a global market. In this paper we describe a method being used by Intel to address this complex issue; Consumer Experience Architecture (CEA). We discuss how the CEA may be applied to the introduction of radically new concept for future digital- home appliances called meta-appliances in which traditional appliance and applications are deconstructed in a way that consumers can reassemble them to create bespoke appliances for their digital homes.

关键词： Socio-technical Product development Consumer Experience Architecture Digital homes Bespoke-appliances Customisation Personalisation end-user programming Customization digital home Product Design end user programming Appliances bespoke development test EQUIPMENT Carcinoembryonic Antigen Iterative Process Consumers

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Using the crowd to understand and adapt user interfaces 13

Using the crowd to understand and adapt user interfaces

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Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems

作者： Jeffrey Nichols IBM Research - Almaden San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321389

Engineering user interfaces has long implied careful design carried out using formal methods applied by human experts and automated systems. While these methods have advantages, especially for creating interfaces that have the flexibility to adapt to users and situations, they can also be time consuming, expensive, and there are relatively few experts able to apply them effectively. In particular, many engineering methods require the construction of one or more models, each of which can only be created through many hours of work by an expert. In this keynote, I will explore how social and human computation methods can be applied to reduce the barriers to achieving user interface flexibility and ultimately to using engineering methods. In a first example, I will illustrate how groups of users can work together to modify and improve user interfaces through end-user programming examples from the CoScripter and Highlight projects. I will then discuss some initial work on using a crowd of novice workers to create models of existing user interfaces. I hope this keynote will inspire the engineering community to consider alternate approaches that creatively combine formal methods with the power of crowds.

关键词： highlight model-based user interfaces coscripter social media qcrowd human computation end-user programming crowd computing

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Linguagens computacionais como interfaces: um estudo com nested context language 08

Linguagens computacionais como interfaces: um estudo com nes...

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Proceedings of the VIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Carlos de Salles Soares Neto Clarisse Sieckenius de Souza Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares UFMA São Luís MA -- Brasil and PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brasil PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brasil

ISBN: (纸本)9788576692034

This paper presents an empirical study about the Nested Context Language (NCL), which is a language developed to create multimedia documents and Interactive Digital TV (IDTV) applications for the Brazilian system. The goal was to obtain indicators of NCL usability in the generation of content for IDTV, since this language plays the role of interface language for users. Through data collected on forms filled by 220 students from various classes of training courses conducted in some states of Brazil and later analysis by a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, some aspects were found where the NCL profile can and should be improved in order to ease the activities of content creators for IDTV, who have a heterogeneous profile and are not necessarily familiar with computer programming.

关键词： user studies interactive digital TV applications middleware Ginga nested context language end-user programming

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Documentation comes to life in computational thinking acquisition with agentsheets 12

Documentation comes to life in computational thinking acquis...

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Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Marcelle Pereira Mota Leonardo Serra Faria Clarisse Sieckenius de Souza PUC-Rio Rua Marquês de São Vicente Rio de Janeiro RJ

ISBN: (纸本)9788576692621

This paper is about the use of live documentation in Computational Thinking Acquisition (CTA) programs with AgentSheets. AgentSheets is a visual programming environment to build games. Based on previous studies showing that semiotic relations among visual game elements could be further explored to the benefit of the learners, we designed PoliFacets, a Web extension to AgentSheets cast as a live conversational document. With it, teachers and learners can follow different threads of conversation about (multiple representations of) game elements and relations between them. We present a qualitative evaluation study of PoliFacets with two experienced AgentSheets instructors and three school teachers trained to coach students in CTA programs. Findings show that although our system has not yet completely fulfilled our design intent, it has led participants to gain relevant insights about their teaching and learning, as well as to articulating doubts and misunderstandings that otherwise could have gone unnoticed.

关键词： computational thinking acquisition end-user programming agentsheets live documentation metacommunication

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Using LSCs for scenario authoring in tactical simulators 07

Using LSCs for scenario authoring in tactical simulators

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Proceedings of the 2007 Summer Computer Simulation Conference

作者： Yoram Atir David Harel The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781565553163

The scenario-based approach to programming is adapted for use in tactical simulators, in which highly structured interentity scenarios are used for practicing and assessing decision making. The adapted approach, using the LSC language, enables end-users to capture scenario specification directly from the unfolding 3D scene. The specified scenarios are then used both for behavior monitoring and for the orchestration of simulation runs.

关键词： behavioral specification tactical simulators end-user programming live sequence charts (LSCs) scenario authoring

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