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Short-Term Revisit during programming Tasks 17

Short-Term Revisit during Programming Tasks

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IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C)

作者： Jin, Xiaoyu Niu, Nan Univ Cincinnati Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538615898

Previous studies of Web page revisitation were only focused on long-term revisit ranging from hours to days. In this paper, we study the short-term revisit of less than one hour such as the revisit behavior during a small programming task. We first perform an exploratory study to observe the short-term revisit phenomenon. We then perform controlled experiments with our designed tool support as treatment by inviting 20 biomedical software developers to perform two software change tasks. Our results show that the participants with tool support used 19.7% less time than the ones without tool support.

关键词： revisitation foraging theory software change tasks end-user programming

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Tangible functional programming

Tangible functional programming

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12th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional programming

作者： Elliott, Conal M. LambdaPix

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938152

We present a user-friendly approach to unifying program creation and execution, based on a notion of "tangible values" (TVs), which are visual and interactive manifestations of pure values, including functions. programming happens by gestural composition of TVs. Our goal is to give end-users the ability to create parameterized, composable content without imposing the usual abstract and linguistic working style of programmers. We hope that such a system will put the essence of programming into the hands of many more people, and in particular people with artistic/visual creative style. In realizing this vision, we develop algebras for visual presentation and for "deep" function application, where function and argument may both be nested within a structure of tuples, functions, etc. Composition gestures are translated into chains of combinators that act simultaneously on statically typed values and their visualizations.

关键词： human factors languages theory interactive programming end-user programming gestural composition combinator libraries arrows interactive visualization

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programming Languages for the Future of Design Computation

Programming Languages for the Future of Design Computation

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ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on programming and Software (Onward!)

作者： Aish, Robert Al Fisher Orchard, Dominic Torry, Jay UCL London England Bur Happold London England Univ Kent Canterbury Kent England Univ Cambridge Cambridge England

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712159

Design Computation is the use of programming in the design of physical systems such as buildings and infrastructure. This involves embedding both general-purpose textual languages and domain-specific visual languages within geometry modelling and engineering applications in the construction industry. A unique form of entry-level end-user programming has emerged in Design Computation. However, there are significant usability and representational issues;general-purpose languages present barriers to adoption, whilst visual languages do not scale to complex design problems. In this essay, we explore how advances in programming language research could be harnessed in future Design Computation languages to address these pedagogic, representational and scaling issues so as to improve human-readable program structure and semantics and to enable machine-readable program verification.

关键词： Design Computation programming Languages Visual Languages end-user programming Cognitive Dimensions Usability Collaborative Coding Type Systems Units of Measure Collection Types Program Verification

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Fostering Computational Thinking skills with a Tangible Blocks programming Environment

Fostering Computational Thinking skills with a Tangible Bloc...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Turchi, Tommaso Malizia, Alessio Brunel Univ Human Centred Design Inst London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781509002528

Computational Thinking has recently returned into the limelight as an essential skill to have for both the general public and disciplines outside Computer Science. It encapsulates those thinking skills integral to solving complex problems using a computer, thus widely applicable in our technological society. Several public initiatives such as the Hour of Code successfully introduced it to millions of people of different ages and backgrounds, mostly using Blocks programming Environments like Scratch that lower the barriers of programming and facilitate learning. In this paper we present our arguments for fostering Computational Thinking skills using a Blocks programming Environment augmented with a Tangible user Interface, namely by exploiting objects whose interactions with the physical environment are mapped to digital actions performed on the system. Our demonstration includes a working prototype implementing our Tangible Blocks programming Environment called TAPAS.

关键词： Computational Thinking Tangible user Interface end-user programming

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PATI: A Projection-Based Augmented Table-Top Interface for Robot programming 24

PATI: A Projection-Based Augmented Table-Top Interface for R...

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24th ACM International Conference on Intelligent user Interfaces (IUI)

作者： Gao, Yuxiang Huang, Chien-Ming Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362726

As robots begin to provide daily assistance to individuals in human environments, their end-users, who do not necessarily have substantial technical training or backgrounds in robotics or programming, will ultimately need to program and "re-task" their robots to perform a variety of custom tasks. In this work, we present PATI-a Projection-based Augmented Table-top Interface for robot programming-through which users are able to use simple, common gestures (e.g., pinch gestures) and tools (e.g., shape tools) to specify table-top manipulation tasks (e.g., pick-and-place) for a robot manipulator. PATI allows users to interact with the environment directly when providing task specifications;for example, users can utilize gestures and tools to annotate the environment with task-relevant information, such as specifying target landmarks and selecting objects of interest. We conducted a user study to compare PATI with a state-of-the-art, standard industrial method for end-user robot programming. Our results show that participants needed significantly less training time before they felt confident in using our system than they did for the industrial method. Moreover, participants were able to program a robot manipulator to complete a pick-and-place task significantly faster with PATI. This work indicates a new direction for end-user robot programming.

关键词： Robot programming Human-Robot Interaction end-user programming Projection-Based Interface Tangible user Interface

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Combining cognitive, semiotic and discourse analysis to explore the power of notations in visual programming

Combining cognitive, semiotic and discourse analysis to expl...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Ferreira, Juliana J. de Souza, Clarisse S. de Castro Salgado, Luciana C. Slaviero, Cleyton Leitao, Carla F. Moreira, Fabio de F. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Dept Informat Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Inst Computacao UFF Niteroi RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467308502

Using game design and programming to foster computational thinking acquisition has proved to be a successful strategy in recent years. In previous research with AgentSheets, we concluded that the semiotic richness of this visual programming environment, specifically designed to support computational thinking acquisition, could be explored more extensively to the benefit of learners. In particular, we realized that there are some additional representations of AgentSheets games and simulations that are not presented as programming tools in the interface, and yet they communicate new relevant meanings to the users. This paper reports on research where we artificially introduced such representations in a small follow-up experiment with selected participants from our previous research experiment. Our goal was to investigate the impact of such additional representations on program comprehension and modification tasks. To this end we contrasted empirical evidence of their performance in the two tasks with their verbal account of experience with AgentSheets. We used a combination of discourse analysis and inspections using Semiotic Engineering methods and the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework. Our findings go in two directions. First, we observed that additional representations have allowed participants to expand and correct previous learning. Therefore such representations can support new teaching strategies in computational thinking acquisition programs with AgentSheets. Second, we learned that the combination of methods we used to analyze empirical data - discourse analysis with semiotic and cognitive inspection techniques - can be used systematically in other research contexts, holding the promise of insightful results.

关键词： computational thinking end-user programming visual programming cognitive dimentions of notations semiotic engineering methods

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A joint controller-simulator programming by demonstration method for PLC devices

A joint controller-simulator programming by demonstration me...

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IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems

作者： Changsakol, Phissanu Chotikakamthorn, Nopporn Wongwirat, Olam King Mogkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang Fac Informat Technol Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781424400225

In this paper, a problem of visual programming of PLC (programmable logic controller) devices is described. A programming by demonstration method is developed so that a problem-domain expert can program such devices without computer programming skill. The method is novel in the sense that, unlike other programming-by-demonstration methods, it requires little a priori knowledge of the controlled system model, nor it needs to interact with a real system. A simulation model, which captures the laws of nature governing the system behavior, is jointly programmed with a control device (PLC). A PLC programming tool, developed based on the proposed joint controller-simulator programming by demonstration paradigm, can generate a high-level structure text program code, from the demonstrated actions as performed by a user.

关键词： programming by demonstration programmable logic controller programming paradigm end-user programming

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Text Understanding for programming in Natural Language: Control Structures 4

Text Understanding for Programming in Natural Language: Cont...

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IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE)

作者： Landhaeusser, Mathias Hug, Ronny Karlsruhe Inst Technol D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467370646

We investigate how natural languages such as English can be used as programming languages. Often, in natural language (as well as in programming) different actions happen at the same time or are repeated. In natural language we just say what is going to happen - in programming we use control structures. Story lines without equivalent language/phrase structures are unnatural and programs without control structures are hard to read. An empirical study showed how users express control structures in natural language. We propose a new and automatic text analysis. It leverages Stanford's typed dependencies to detect sentence structures that imply strictly sequential control flows, repetition, and parallelism. The technique is analyzed in the context of Alice, a 3D programming environment, and AliceNLP, a system for programming Alice in ordinary English. We evaluate our approach with 52 texts with 795 control-flow-affected elements in total and show that 82% of these elements can be detected successfully. We performed a second evaluation with manually corrected input and find that our approach successfully detects the control structures 97% of the time in the absence of parser errors.

关键词： Alice control structures end-user programming natural language processing programming with natural language Control Architecture Natural Language Processing natural languages programming end user programming ALICE Automatic text analysis text understanding Language

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Conversational programming in Action

Conversational Programming in Action

引用

IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Repenning, Alexander AgentSheets Inc Boulder CO 80301 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457712456

Accelerated by the Do-It-Yourself mindset of the Web 2.0 culture, end-user programming, which is programming by end users with limited, if any, formal programming background, is growing rapidly. Especially in educational settings, children are exposed to computational thinking by making games, building scientific simulations and creating stories. Early educational programming languages such as Logo have made programming substantially more accessible to end users. More recent approaches include visual programming with drag-and-drop style of programming making it nearly impossible to compose syntactically incorrect programs. However, as the syntactic challenges of end-user programming are gradually fading into the past, the new frontier of semantic programming support emerges. This demonstration introduces Future Trace, a system to make programming more conversational. A conversational programming agent runs programs one step into the future in order to visualize discrepancies between the programs users intended to write and the actual programs.

关键词： Game design computational thinking debugging end-user programming visual programming

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Trigger-Action programming in the Wild: An Analysis of 200,000 IFTTT Recipes 16

Trigger-Action Programming in the Wild: An Analysis of 200,0...

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34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI4GOOD)

作者： Ur, Blase Ho, Melwyn Pak Yong Brawner, Stephen Lee, Jiyun Mennicken, Sarah Picard, Noah Schulze, Diane Littman, Michael L. Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Zurich CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450333627

While researchers have long investigated end-user programming using a trigger-action (if-then) model, the website IFTTT is among the first instances of this paradigm being used on a large scale. To understand what IFTTT users are creating, we scraped the 224,590 programs shared publicly on IFTTT as of September 2015 and are releasing this dataset to spur future research. We characterize aspects of these programs and the IFTTT ecosystem over time. We find a large number of users are crafting a diverse set of end-user programs-over 100,000 different users have shared programs. These programs represent a very broad array of connections that appear to fill gaps in functionality, yet users often duplicate others' programs.

关键词： IFTTT end-user programming end-user Composition Trigger-Action programming Internet of Things (IoT)

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