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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Zeyu He Saniya Naphade Ting-Hao Kenneth Huang College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA GumGum Tempe Arizona USA

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Towards end-user Web Scraping for Customization 21

Towards End-User Web Scraping for Customization

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5th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of programming (programming)

作者： Katongo, Kapaya Litt, Geoffrey Jackson, Daniel MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450389860

Websites are malleable: users can run code in the browser to customize them. However, this malleability is typically only accessible to programmers with knowledge of HTML and Javascript. Previously, we developed a tool called Wildcard which empowers end-users to customize websites through a spreadsheet-like table interface without doing traditional programming. However, there is a limit to end-user agency with Wildcard, because programmers need to first create site-specific adapters mapping website data to the table interface. This means that end-users can only customize a website if a programmer has written an adapter for it, and cannot extend or repair existing adapters. In this paper, we extend Wildcard with a new system for end-user web scraping for customization. It enables end-users to create, extend and repair adapters, by performing concrete demonstrations of how the website user interface maps to a data table. We describe three design principles that guided our system's development and are applicable to other end-user web scraping and customization systems: (a) users should be able to scrape data and use it in a single, unified environment, (b) users should be able to extend and repair the programs that scrape data via demonstration and (c) users should receive live feedback during their demonstrations. We have successfully used our system to create, extend and repair adapters by demonstration on a variety of websites and we provide example usage scenarios that showcase each of our design principles. Our ultimate goal is to empower end-users to customize websites in the course of their daily use in an intuitive and flexible way, and thus making the web more malleable for all of its users.

关键词： software customization browser extensions end-user programming spreadsheets web scraping

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DIY Assistant: A Multi-modal end-user Programmable Virtual Assistant 2021

DIY Assistant: A Multi-modal End-User Programmable Virtual A...

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42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI)

作者： Fischer, Michael H. Campagna, Giovanni Choi, Euirim Lam, Monica S. Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450383912

While Alexa can perform over 100,000 skills, its capability covers only a fraction of what is possible on the web. Individuals need and want to automate a long tail of web-based tasks which often involve visiting different websites and require programming concepts such as function composition, conditional, and iterative evaluation. This paper presents diya (Do-It-Yourself Assistant), a new system that empowers users to create personalized web-based virtual assistant skills that require the full generality of composable control constructs, without having to learn a formal programming language. With DIYA, the user demonstrates their task of interest in the browser and issues a few simple voice commands, such as naming the skills and adding conditions on the action. diya turns these multi-modal specifications into voice-invocable skills written in the ThingTalk 2.0 programming language we designed for this purpose. diya is a prototype that works in the Chrome browser. Our user studies show that 81% of the proposed routines can be expressed using diya. diya is easy to learn, and 80% of users surveyed find diya useful.

关键词： end-user programming programming by demonstration web automation voice user interfaces virtual assistants

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Games by end-users: Analyzing Development Environments 20

Games by End-Users: Analyzing Development Environments

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20th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames)

作者： Ribeiro de Souza, Joana Gabriela Prates, Raquel Oliveira Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Comp Sci Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665401890

Digital games are increasingly present in people's lives, especially in younger people's lives. At times, users want to do more than just play games produced by specialized companies, but would also like to customize them or create and play their own games and share them with their friends. Enabling users with no programming knowledge to develop their games raises several challenges, that range from game design to technical aspects. In this paper, our goal was to investigate the following research question "What strategies and constructs do game engines use to allow users with no previous knowledge of programming to create games?". To do so, we used the Semiotic Inspection Method to analyze two game engines aimed mainly at this audience - GDevelop and Stencyl. As a result, we have identified the main strategies and constructs used in the tools to support game programming by end-users.

关键词： end-user programming games scientific SIM

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Interactive Behavior-driven Development: a Low-code Perspective 24

Interactive Behavior-driven Development: a Low-code Perspect...

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24th International ACM/IEEE Conference on Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS)

作者： Patkar, Nitish Chis, Andrei Stulova, Nataliia Nierstrasz, Oscar Univ Bern Software Composit Grroup Bern Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665424844

Within behavior-driven development (BDD), different types of stakeholders collaborate in creating scenarios that specify application behavior. The current workflow for BDD expects non-technical stakeholders to use an integrated development environment (IDE) to write textual scenarios in the Gherkin language and verify application behavior using test passed/failed reports. Research to date shows that this approach leads non-technical stakeholders to perceive BDD as an overhead in addition to the testing. In this vision paper, we propose an alternative approach to specify and verify application behavior visually, interactively, and collaboratively within an IDE. Instead of writing textual scenarios, non-technical stakeholders compose, edit, and save scenarios by using tailored graphical interfaces that allow them to manipulate involved domain objects. Upon executing such interactively composed scenarios, all stakeholders verify the application behavior by inspecting domain-specific representations of run-time domain objects instead of a test run report. Such a low code approach to BDD has the potential to enable nontechnical stakeholders to engage more harmoniously in behavior specification and validation together with technical stakeholders within an IDE. There are two main contributions of this work: (i) we present an analysis of the features of 13 BDD tools, (ii) we describe a prototype implementation of our approach, and (iii) we outline our plan to conduct a large-scale developer survey to evaluate our approach to highlight the perceived benefits over the existing approach.

关键词： bdd behavior-driven development collaborative development acceptance testing visual programming end-user programming

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When Children Program Intelligent Environments: Lessons Learned from a Serious AR Game 21

When Children Program Intelligent Environments: Lessons Lear...

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20th ACM Interaction Design and Children (IDC) Conference

作者： Stefanidi, Evropi Korozi, Maria Leonidis, Asterios Arampatzis, Dimitrios Antona, Margherita Papagiannakis, George Univ Bremen Bremen Germany Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH Inst Comp Sci Iraklion Crete Greece Univ Crete Comp Sci Dept Iraklion Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781450384520

While the body of research focusing on Intelligent Environments (IEs) programming by adults is steadily growing, informed insights about children as programmers of such environments are limited. Previous work already established that young children can learn programming basics. Yet, there is still a need to investigate whether this capability can be transferred in the context of IEs, since encouraging children to participate in the management of their intelligent surroundings can enhance responsibility, independence, and the spirit of cooperation. We performed a user study (N=15) with children aged 7-12, using a block-based, gamified AR spatial coding prototype allowing to manipulate smart artifacts in an Intelligent Living room. Our results validated that children understand and can indeed program IEs. Based on our findings, we contribute preliminary implications regarding the use of specific technologies and paradigms (e.g. AR, trigger-action programming) to inspire future systems that enable children to create enriching experiences in IEs.

关键词： user Study Children Intelligent Environment Smart Home Augmented Reality Serious Game end-user programming

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Spreadsheet Use and programming Experience: an Exploratory Survey

Spreadsheet Use and Programming Experience: an Exploratory S...

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ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Sarkar, Advait Borghouts, Judith W. Iyer, Anusha Khullar, Sneha Canton, Christian Hermans, Felienne Gordon, Andrew D. Williams, Jack Microsoft Res Cambridge England Microsoft Redmond WA USA Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands Univ Cambridge Cambridge England Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450368193

We report results from a survey on spreadsheet use and experience with textual programming languages (n = 49). We find significant correlations between self-reported formula experience, programming experience, and overall spreadsheet experience. We discuss the implications of our findings for spreadsheet research and end-user programming research, more generally.

关键词： spreadsheets programming expertise experience end-user programming survey

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ANDES: An approach to embed search services on the Web browser

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2022年第0期82卷 1页

作者： Bosetti, Gabriela Tacuri, Alex Gambo, Ishaya Firmenich, Sergio Rossi, Gustavo Winckler, Marco Fernandez, Alejandro VeryConnect Pavil 1 12 Minerva Way Glasgow G3 8AU Lanark Scotland Escuela Super Politecn Chimborazo Panamer Sur Km 1 & 1-2 Riobamba Ecuador UNLP Fac Informat LIFIA Calle 50 & 120S-N La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina Univ Tartu Inst Comp Sci EE-51009 Tartu Estonia Obafemi Awolowo Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Ife Nigeria Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn RA-2290 Godoy Cruz Buenos Aires Argentina Univ Cote dAzur SPARKS Team I3S Sophia Antipolis France CICPBA Calle 526 Entre 10 & 11 La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina

This article addresses search tasks, which are the most frequent type of tasks users do nowadays on the Web. We suggest that the customization of search services would improve the user's searching experience, and it also might make search tasks more effective and efficient. We analyze user tasks for performing searches and types of search services. Then, we distinguish between primary search tasks (related to the initial user goal) and ancillary search tasks (those that are performed to find additional information necessary to understand how to achieve a primary search task). We also explain different types of search services, including global search services (which has an extensive search scope, possibly the whole Web) and in-site search services (which has a narrow scope of search focused on a specific Web site or data set). We also discuss features embedded into Web browsers to support search tasks and how Web browsers can support extensions allowing users to integrate customized search services. We propose an approach called ANDES that allows users to integrate into the Web browser new search services that are created by customizing search services offered by existing Web sites. By means of Web augmentation techniques, we demonstrate how users can customize the browser to trigger search services to any Web site and integrate the Web page results. We report on two evaluations showing that end-users can specify and use search services following our approach and that the proposed interaction is more convenient in contrast to traditional mechanisms. Beyond the tool used to demonstrate the feasibility of the ANDES approach, this paper aims to discuss new strategies for end-user programming that allow users to customize search services over the Web.

关键词： Web search end-user programming user experience Web augmentation

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An Expert Review on the Applicability of Blockly for Industrial Robot programming 25

An Expert Review on the Applicability of Blockly for Industr...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Koeberle, Jessica Ramler, Rudolf Schittengruber, Markus Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg Hagenberg Austria ENGEL Austria GmbH Software Dev Dietach Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781728189567

The paradigm shift triggered by Industry 4.0 leads to a fast rising number of industrial machinery and collaborative robots that increases the need for flexible customization of production processes and automation workflows. end-user programming of industrial robots has become an essential capability for all areas in industry. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of block-based programming languages for large and complex robot programs. Therefore, we implemented a real-world program for industrial robots using Blockly, a block-based visual language, and assessed the results regarding portability, readability, understandability, and maintainability. Our findings are, that (1) large and complex real-world robot programs can be expressed in Blockly, (2) that the readability and understandability of such programs is equal to conventional flow-chart based programming languages, and (3) that the maintainability of Blockly programs can even be considered better than in flowchart based languages. Our results and findings serve as basis for usability studies with end-users in robot programming.

关键词： Robot programming end-user programming manufacturing automation block-based programming languages

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TweakIt: Supporting end-user Programmers Who Transmogrify Code 21

TweakIt: Supporting End-User Programmers Who Transmogrify Co...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Lau, Sam Ragavan, Sruti Srinivasa Milne, Ken Barik, Titus Sarkar, Advait Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Microsoft Res Cambridge England Microsoft Redmond WA USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA Univ Cambridge Cambridge England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380966

end-user programmers opportunistically copy-and-paste code snippets from colleagues or the web to accomplish their tasks. Unfortunately, these snippets often don't work verbatim, so these people-who are non-specialists in the programming language-make guesses and tweak the code to understand and apply it successfully. To support their desired workflow and facilitate tweaking and understanding, we built a prototype tool, TWEAKIT, that provides users with a familiar live interaction to help them understand, introspect, and reify how different code snippets would transform their data. Through a usability study with 14 data analysts, participants found the tool to be useful to understand the function of otherwise unfamiliar code, to increase their confidence about what the code does, to identify relevant parts of code specific to their task, and to proactively explore and evaluate code. Overall, our participants were enthusiastic about incorporating TWEAKIT in their own day-to-day work.

关键词： end-user programming live programming data analysts data workflows opportunistic code reuse

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