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NLyze: Interactive programming by Natural Language for SpreadSheet Data Analysis and Manipulation 14

NLyze: Interactive Programming by Natural Language for Sprea...

引用

ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data

作者： Gulwani, Sumit Marron, Mark Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450323765

Millions of computer end users need to perform tasks over tabular spreadsheet data, yet lack the programming knowledge to do such tasks automatically. This paper describes the design and implementation of a robust natural language based interface to spreadsheet programming. Our methodology involves designing a typed domain-specific language (DSL) that supports an expressive algebra of map, filter, reduce, join, and formatting capabilities at a level of abstraction appropriate for non-expert users. The key algorithmic component of our methodology is a translation algorithm for converting a natural language specification in the context of a given spreadsheet to a ranked set of likely programs in the DSL. The translation algorithm leverages the spreadsheet spatial and temporal context to assign interpretations to specifications with implicit references, and is thus robust to a variety of ways in which end users can express the same task. The translation algorithm builds over ideas from keyword programming and semantic parsing to achieve both high precision and high recall. We implemented the system as an Excel add-in called NLyze that supports a rich user interaction model including annotating the user's natural language specification and explaining the synthesized DSL programs by paraphrasing them into structured English. We collected a total of 3570 English descriptions for 40 spreadsheet tasks and our system was able to generate the intended interpretation as the top candidate for 94% (97% for the top 3) of those instances.

关键词： Program Synthesis end-user programming Spreadsheet programming user Intent

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A Tangible programming Tool for Creation of Context-Aware Applications 13

A Tangible Programming Tool for Creation of Context-Aware Ap...

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ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp)

作者： Lee, Jisoo Garduno, Luis Walker, Erin Burleson, Winslow Arizona State Univ Sch Arts Media Engn Tempe AZ 85281 USA Arizona State Univ Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn Tempe AZ 85281 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450317702

end-user programming tools, if properly designed, have the potential to empower end-users to create context-aware applications tailored to their own needs and lives, in order to help them break bad habits and change their behaviors. In this work, we present GALLAG Strip, an easy to use mobile and tangible tool that allows users to create context-aware applications without the need of programming experience. It enables programming by physical demonstration of envisioned interactions with the same sensors and objects that users will later encounter in their finished application. After an initial pilot to verify the usability of GALLAG Strip, we conducted a user study to evaluate the effects of tangible programming in terms of ease of use, engagement, and facilitation of the ideation process. We found that tangibility has both benefits and drawbacks, and suggest a mixed tangible and non-tangible approach for better user experience.

关键词： Context-aware computing end-user programming mobile programming tangible programming

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Bridging the Syntax-Semantics Gap of programming

Bridging the Syntax-Semantics Gap of Programming

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ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on programming and Software (Onward!)

作者： Weidmann, Theo B. Thorgeirsson, Sverrir Su, Zhendong Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450399098

Computer programming typically requires people to describe operations in a formally specified textual language. Unfortunately, working with syntax is a significant cognitive load, making programming difficult for beginners and time-consuming for professional developers. In response to this, contemporary research often focuses on abstracting or improving the process of composing code. We believe, however, that one fundamental reason why programming is difficult is the disconnect between the symbols and metaphors used in code and the mechanics they represent. programming languages use abstractions whose superficial similarities to natural language neither effectively help users understand programs nor enable them to work creatively. To tackle this fundamental limitation, this paper introduces a new language based on a novel programming-by-demonstration paradigm that (i) enables users to experiment and test their programs, (ii) allows describing complex operations without the need to learn any syntax, and (iii) always displays an approximation of the program state while programming a new operation. We explain the rationales behind our new approach and present our design and implementation using illustrative examples and a supplemental video recording.

关键词： programming-by-demonstration visual programming non-textual programming end-user programming learnable programming

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An Expert Review on the Applicability of Blockly for Industrial Robot programming 25

An Expert Review on the Applicability of Blockly for Industr...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Koeberle, Jessica Ramler, Rudolf Schittengruber, Markus Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg Hagenberg Austria ENGEL Austria GmbH Software Dev Dietach Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781728189567

The paradigm shift triggered by Industry 4.0 leads to a fast rising number of industrial machinery and collaborative robots that increases the need for flexible customization of production processes and automation workflows. end-user programming of industrial robots has become an essential capability for all areas in industry. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of block-based programming languages for large and complex robot programs. Therefore, we implemented a real-world program for industrial robots using Blockly, a block-based visual language, and assessed the results regarding portability, readability, understandability, and maintainability. Our findings are, that (1) large and complex real-world robot programs can be expressed in Blockly, (2) that the readability and understandability of such programs is equal to conventional flow-chart based programming languages, and (3) that the maintainability of Blockly programs can even be considered better than in flowchart based languages. Our results and findings serve as basis for usability studies with end-users in robot programming.

关键词： Robot programming end-user programming manufacturing automation block-based programming languages

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Towards more natural functional programming languages

Towards more natural functional programming languages

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7th International Conference on Functional programming

作者： Myers, BA Carnegie Mellon Univ Human Comp Interact Inst Sch Comp Sci Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

programming languages are the way for a person to express a mental plan in a way that the computer can understand. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider properties of people when designing new programming languages. In our research, we are investigating how people think about algorithms, and how programming languages can be made easier to learn and more effective for people to use. By taking human-productivity aspects of programming languages seriously, designers can more effectively match programming language features with human capabilities and problem solving methods. Human factors methods can be used to measure the effects, so unsubstantiated claims can be avoided. This talk will present a quick summary of new and old results in what is known about people and programming;from areas that are sometimes called "empirical studies of programmers" and "psychology of programming." Much is known about what people find difficult, and what syntax and language features are especially tricky and bug-prone. Our new research has discovered how people naturally think about algorithms and data structures, which can help with making programming languages more closely match people's problem solving techniques.

关键词： design human factors languages end-user programming psychology of programming empirical studies of programming natural programming

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A pervasive computing programming approach for non-technical users

A pervasive computing programming approach for non-technical...

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1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications

作者： Chin, Jeannette S. Callaghan, Vic Clarke, Graham Univ Essex Dept Comp Sci Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

ISBN: (纸本)1424403251

Our homes are rapidly being filled with diverse types of products ranging from simple lighting systems to sophisticated entertainment systems, all adding to the functionality and convenience available to the home user. In this paper we introduce a variant of end-user programming in the form of a tool called PiP that empowers non technical end users to be able to "program" the functionality of their personal pervasive computing environments to suit their particular needs. The paper also includes a user evaluation that shows end-users find this approach to be a useable and enjoyable experience.

关键词： pervasive computing end-user programming programming-by-example show-me-by-demonstration deconstruction digital home intelligent environment extreme programming end-user empowerment

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Making programming more Conversational

Making Programming more Conversational

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Repenning, Alexander AgentSheets Inc Boulder CO 80301 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457712456

Accelerated by the Do-It-Yourself mindset of the Web 2.0 culture, end-user programming-programming by end users with limited or even no formal programming background-is growing rapidly. Especially in educational settings, children are exposed to computational thinking by making games, building scientific simulations and creating stories. Early educational programming languages such as Logo have made programming substantially more accessible to end-users. More recent approaches include visual programming with a drag-and-drop style of programming that makes it nearly impossible to compose syntactically incorrect programs. However, as the syntactic challenges of end-user programming are gradually fading into the past, the new frontier of semantic programming support emerges. This demonstration introduces Conversational programming, a system to make programming more conversational. A conversational programming agent runs programs one step into the future in order to help end-users visualize discrepancies between the programs they intended to write and their actual programming results.

关键词： Game design computational thinking debugging end-user programming visual programming

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Evaluating PDDL for programming production cells: a case study 4

Evaluating PDDL for programming production cells: a case stu...

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4th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering (RoSE)

作者： Mayr-Dorn, Christoph Egyed, Alexander Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Fuerschuss, Harald Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Linz Austria Hagenberg GmbH Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg Austria ENGEL Austria GmbH Schwertberg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450393171

A unique selling point for cyber-physical production system manufacturers becomes the easy with which machines and cells can be adapted to new products and production processes. Adaptations, however, are often done by domain experts without in-depth programming know-how. We investigate in this paper, the implications of using a planning-based approach for using a domain expert's knowledge to control the sequences of a robot and injection molding machine (IMM). We find that current engineering support is insufficient to address testing, understanding, and change impact assessment concerns during the evolution of a PDDL/HDDL domain specification.

关键词： Robot programming end-user programming manufacturing automation planning symbolic AI PDDL HDDL

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In-Line Compositional Visual programming 8

In-Line Compositional Visual Programming

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8th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of programming (programming)

作者： Homer, Michael Victoria Univ Wellington Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706349

Concatenative programming inherently expresses composition of sub-tasks of a pipeline, but one uncommonly seen model of this paradigm includes all data values inline within the program. A visual environment for editing and evaluating programs in this model would inherently display state in place, and allow for easy tracing of data flow through the program by watching the values literally move as evaluation steps took place. We propose a visual approach for programming in this style, with function calls and data values interleaved on a single "track", with specific concrete arguments always adjacent when a function term is evaluated and various affordances for editing, evaluating, and debugging. We then show how extensions to this model to multiple tracks can ease programming in the model and even make available some more inscrutable programming-language features, such as concurrency and effect systems, in a more accessible way.

关键词： visual programming dataflow programming end-user programming concatenative programming

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Vajra: Step-by-step programming with Natural Language 24

Vajra: Step-by-step Programming with Natural Language

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24th ACM International Conference on Intelligent user Interfaces (IUI)

作者： Schlegel, Viktor Lang, Benedikt Handschuh, Siegfried Freitas, Andre Univ Manchester Manchester Lancs England Univ Passau Passau Germany Univ St Gallen St Gallen Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362726

Building natural language programming systems that are geared towards end-users requires the abstraction of formalisms inherently introduced by programming languages, capturing the intent of natural language inputs and mapping it to existing programming language constructs. We present a novel end-user programming paradigm for Python, which maps natural language commands into Python code. The proposed semantic parsing model aims to reduce the barriers for producing well-formed code (syntactic gap) and for exploring third-party APIs (lexico-semantic gap). The proposed method was implemented in a supporting system and evaluated in a usability study involving programmers as well as non-programmers. The results show that both groups are able to produce code with or without prior programming experience.

关键词： interactive programming end-user programming semantic parsing IDEs novice programmers

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