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2nd Conference on Conversational user Interfaces

作者： Rough, Daniel Cowan, Benjamin Univ Coll Dublin Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450375443

Following the initial hype and high expectations of conversational user interfaces (CUIs), a number of creation tools have emerged to simplify development of these complex systems. These have the potential to democratise and expand application development to those without programming skills. However, while such tools allow end-user developers to build language understanding and dialog management capability into a CUI application, actually fulfilling or executing an action still requires programmatic API integration. In this paper, we look at how CUI builders that claim to be "no code required" struggle to yield more than toy examples, with an aim to provoke the community to develop better tools for CUI creation.

关键词： conversational user interfaces chatbots end-user programming

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Wildcard: Spreadsheet-Driven Customization of Web Applications 20

Wildcard: Spreadsheet-Driven Customization of Web Applicatio...

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4th International Conference on the Art Science and Engineering of programming

作者： Litt, Geoffrey Jackson, Daniel MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450375078

Many Web applications do not meet the precise needs of their users. Browser extensions offer a way to customize web applications, but most people do not have the programming skills to implement their own extensions. In this paper, we present spreadsheet-driven customization, a technique that enables end users to customize software without doing any traditional programming. The idea is to augment an application's UI with a spreadsheet that is synchronized with the application's data. When the user manipulates the spreadsheet, the underlying data is modified and the changes are propagated to the UI, and vice versa. We have implemented this technique in a prototype browser extension called Wildcard. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate that Wildcard can support useful customizations-ranging from sorting lists of search results to showing related data from web APIs-on top of existing websites. We also present the design principles underlying our prototype. Customization can lead to dramatically better experiences with software. We think that spreadsheet-driven customization offers a promising new approach to unlocking this benefit for all users, not just programmers.

关键词： end-user programming software customization web browser extensions

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How users Interpret Bugs in Trigger-Action programming 19

How Users Interpret Bugs in Trigger-Action Programming

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Brackenbury, Will Deora, Abhimanyu Ritchey, Jillian Vallee, Jason He, Weijia Wang, Guan Littman, Michael L. Ur, Blase Univ Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359702

Trigger-action programming (TAP) is a programming model enabling users to connect services and devices by writing if-then rules. As such systems are deployed in increasingly complex scenarios, users must be able to identify programming bugs and reason about how to fix them. We first systematize the temporal paradigms through which TAP systems could express rules. We then identify ten classes of TAP programming bugs related to control flow, timing, and inaccurate user expectations. We report on a 153-participant online study where participants were assigned to a temporal paradigm and shown a series of pre-written TAP rules. Half of the rules exhibited bugs from our ten bug classes. For most of the bug classes, we found that the presence of a bug made it harder for participants to correctly predict the behavior of the rule. Our findings suggest directions for better supporting end-user programmers.

关键词： Trigger-action programming end-user programming IoT Internet of Things IFTTT bugs debugging

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PATI: A Projection-Based Augmented Table-Top Interface for Robot programming 24

PATI: A Projection-Based Augmented Table-Top Interface for R...

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24th ACM International Conference on Intelligent user Interfaces (IUI)

作者： Gao, Yuxiang Huang, Chien-Ming Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362726

As robots begin to provide daily assistance to individuals in human environments, their end-users, who do not necessarily have substantial technical training or backgrounds in robotics or programming, will ultimately need to program and "re-task" their robots to perform a variety of custom tasks. In this work, we present PATI-a Projection-based Augmented Table-top Interface for robot programming-through which users are able to use simple, common gestures (e.g., pinch gestures) and tools (e.g., shape tools) to specify table-top manipulation tasks (e.g., pick-and-place) for a robot manipulator. PATI allows users to interact with the environment directly when providing task specifications;for example, users can utilize gestures and tools to annotate the environment with task-relevant information, such as specifying target landmarks and selecting objects of interest. We conducted a user study to compare PATI with a state-of-the-art, standard industrial method for end-user robot programming. Our results show that participants needed significantly less training time before they felt confident in using our system than they did for the industrial method. Moreover, participants were able to program a robot manipulator to complete a pick-and-place task significantly faster with PATI. This work indicates a new direction for end-user robot programming.

关键词： Robot programming Human-Robot Interaction end-user programming Projection-Based Interface Tangible user Interface

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MATLAB Doesn't Love Me: An Essay 20

MATLAB Doesn't Love Me: An Essay

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4th International Conference on the Art Science and Engineering of programming

作者： van der Storm, Tijs Bakker, Geor Ctr Wiskunde & Informat Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Groningen Groningen Netherlands Sosei Heptares Cambridge England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450375078

programming is everywhere, and is becoming an increasingly essential component of knowledge work outside the realms of traditional software development. Examples include data journalism, scientific computing, machine control, machine learning, financial management, and others. A key aspect of this trend is that users have to use programming tools, but typically lack programming education, let alone a computer science background. In this short paper we revisit potential assumptions and preconceptions underlying traditional programming system design, from the perspective of practicing scientists using tools like MATLAB, R, Bash, Python, C++, and others. Specifically, we aim to peel off some ingrained assumptions that have informed programming language and system design for decades. Without giving a lot of answers, we hope some of our contrarian observations may turn out to be controversial, and stimulate a meaningful discussion towards a better programmer experience in the domain of science.

关键词： end-user programming scientific programming language design programmer experience

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Enabling Sophisticated Lifecycle Support for Mobile Healthcare Data Collection Applications

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 61204-61217页

作者： Schobel, Johannes Probst, Thomas Reichert, Manfred Schickler, Marc Pryss, Ruediger Ulm Univ Inst Databases & Informat Syst Ulm Germany Danube Univ Krems Dept Psychotherapy & Biopsychosocial Hlth Krems An Der Donau Austria

The widespread dissemination of smart mobile devices enables new ways of collecting longitudinal data sets in a multitude of healthcare scenarios. On the one hand, mobile data collection can be accomplished more effectively and quicker compared with validated paper-based instruments. On the other hand, it can increase the data quality significantly and enable data collection in scenarios not covered by existing approaches so far. Previous attempts to utilize smart mobile devices for collecting data in these scenarios, however, often struggle with high costs for developing and maintaining mobile applications, which need to run on a multitude of mobile operating systems. Therefore, in the QuestionSys project, we are developing a generic (i.e., platform-independent) framework for enabling mobile data collection and sensor data integration in healthcare scenarios. The latter, in turn, is addressed by a model-driven approach, which is shown this paper along with the core components of the QuestionSys framework. In particular, it is shown how healthcare experts are empowered to create mobile data collection and sensing applications on their own and with reasonable efforts.

关键词： end-user programming mobile data collection model-driven development

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Programmable Smart Home Toolkits Should Better Address Households’ Social Needs 21

Programmable Smart Home Toolkits Should Better Address House...

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Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Antti Salovaara Andrea Bellucci Andrea Vianello Giulio Jacucci Department of Design School of ARTS Aalto University Finland and Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Finland Department of Computer Science Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT Aalto University Finland Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380966

end-user-programmable smart-home toolkits have engendered excitement in recent years. However, modern homes already cater quite well to users’ needs, and genuinely new needs for smart-home automation seldom arise. Acknowledging this challenging starting point, we conducted a six-week in-the-wild study of smart-home toolkits with four carefully recruited technology-savvy families. Interleaved with free toolkit use in the home were several creativity workshops to facilitate ideation and programming. We evaluated use experiences at the end of the six weeks. Even with extensive facilitation, families faced difficulties in identifying needs for smart-home automation, except for social needs that emerged in all the families. We present analysis of those needs and discuss how end-user-programmable toolkits could better engage with both those household members who design new automated functions and those who merely ‘use’ them.

关键词： internet of things appropriation trigger–action programming in-the-wild study smart homes end-user programming

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Vajra: Step-by-step programming with Natural Language 24

Vajra: Step-by-step Programming with Natural Language

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24th ACM International Conference on Intelligent user Interfaces (IUI)

作者： Schlegel, Viktor Lang, Benedikt Handschuh, Siegfried Freitas, Andre Univ Manchester Manchester Lancs England Univ Passau Passau Germany Univ St Gallen St Gallen Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362726

Building natural language programming systems that are geared towards end-users requires the abstraction of formalisms inherently introduced by programming languages, capturing the intent of natural language inputs and mapping it to existing programming language constructs. We present a novel end-user programming paradigm for Python, which maps natural language commands into Python code. The proposed semantic parsing model aims to reduce the barriers for producing well-formed code (syntactic gap) and for exploring third-party APIs (lexico-semantic gap). The proposed method was implemented in a supporting system and evaluated in a usability study involving programmers as well as non-programmers. The results show that both groups are able to produce code with or without prior programming experience.

关键词： interactive programming end-user programming semantic parsing IDEs novice programmers

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Segmentation of Kinesthetic Demonstrations into end-user Robot Programs

Segmentation of Kinesthetic Demonstrations into End-User Rob...

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作者： Kalima, Petri Aalto University

学位级别：硕士

The increase of robots in working environments has created a demand for workers who are capable of programming new tasks for them. Previously, the programming has been done exclusively by expert users due to the complexity of the process. The fields of end-user programming and programming by Demonstration have shared a goal of creating user-friendly approaches so that novice users may also participate in this programming process. Such approaches involve creating robot programs from user demonstrations using methods such as kinesthetic teaching and interaction with a Graphical user Interface. The approaches of programming by Demonstration involve fluent and uninterrupted demonstrations, while the end results often include models, which are difficult to comprehend for end-users. On the other hand, the end results of end-user programming have an understandable structure, but the demonstration process can be seen tedious. This tediousness results from the constant switching between demonstrating the task and interacting with the Graphical user Interface. This thesis proposes a program creation framework that shares desired characteristics from both end-user programming and programming by Demonstration. It aims to combine the seamless style of demonstration from programming by Demonstration with the user-friendly programs of end-user programming. The programs of this thesis were created based on given user demonstrations as a set of parametrized actions, primitives. As the demonstrations were given in uninterrupted fashion, a segmentation algorithm was needed in order to identify said primitives from the demonstration. This algorithm included segmentation of gripper-related primitives and the trajectory as well as a program validation step which allowed for postponed modification of the program. For the segmentation of the trajectory, two different algorithms were proposed. The conducted experiments examined the functionality of the program creation framework as well as

关键词： robotics end-user programming programming by demonstration trajectory segmentation

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Augmenting objects at home through programmable sensor tokens: A design journey

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES 2019年 122卷 211-231页

作者： Bellucci, Andrea Vianello, Andrea Florack, Yves Micallef, Luana Jacucci, Giulio Univ Carlos III Madrid Getafe Spain Aalto Univ Espoo Finland Univ Helsinki Helsinki Finland

end-user development for the home has been gaining momentum in research. Previous works demonstrate feasibility and potential but there is a lack of analysis of the extent of technology needed and its impact on the diversity of activities that can be supported. We present a design exploration with a tangible end-user toolkit for programming smart tokens embedding different sensing technologies. Our system allows to augment physical objects with smart tags and use trigger-action programming with multiple triggers to define smart behaviors. We contribute through a field-oriented study that provided insights on (i) household's activities as emerging from people's lived experience in terms of high-level goals, their ephemerality or recurrence, and the types of triggers, actions and interactions with augmented objects, and (ii) the programmability needed for supporting desired behaviors. We conclude that, while trigger action covers most scenarios, more advanced programming and direct interaction with physical objects spur novel uses.

关键词： end-user programming Smart home Do-it-yourself toolkits Trigger-action programming Physical interaction

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