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Data programming for Non-programmers

Procedia Computer Science 2013年 21卷 68-74页

作者： Dave Mason Ryerson University Toronto Canada

“Big Data” is becoming a standard catch phrase that often means more like “Ubiquitous Data” - it's not necessarily all that big, but it's everywhere, and its collection rate is accelerating. Citizens may only have a need to spend a few hours per week attempting to make sense of that data. The concomitant worry is that citizens will be left behind as the IT priesthood leverages that data to run our world. But the skills to program in conventional languages are not universal; so, what to do? We are creating a visual programming environment for user-programmers (who are not trained programmers). Be- cause of the sporadic usage pattern of such users, traditional languages and code structuring approaches are both overkill and difficult to learn. Therefore, the environment is designed to support very fluid relationships among code chunks, in terms of their relationship and evolution, as well as very fluid interactions among code chunks when processing data.

关键词： end-user programming Ubiquitous programming Citizen Programmer Ubiquitous Data Visual programming

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GUI Robots: Using Off-the-Shelf Robots as Tangible Input and Output Devices for Unmodified GUI Applications 17

GUI Robots: Using Off-the-Shelf Robots as Tangible Input and...

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12th ACM SIGCHI Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) Conference

作者： Guinness, Darren Szafir, Daniel Kane, Shaun K. Univ Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349222

Traditional GUI applications provide limited support for tangible interaction, as most applications are not programmed to support tangible input, and most input devices do not provide haptic feedback. To address this limitation, we introduce GUI Robots, a software framework that enables developers to repurpose off-the-shelf robots as tangible input and haptic output devices, and to connect them to unmodified desktop applications. We introduce the GUI Robots framework and present several proof-of-concept applications, including a haptic scroll wheel, force feedback game controllers, a 3D mouse, and a self-driving notification robot. To evaluate whether GUI Robots can be used to prototype tangible interfaces for existing applications, we conducted a user study in which developers created customized tangible interfaces for two applications. Study participants were able to create tangible user interfaces for these applications in less than an hour. GUI Robots allows developers to easily extend applications with tangible input and haptic output.

关键词： Tangible user interfaces human-robot interaction graphical user interfaces end-user programming tactile feedback

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PROGRAMMABLE REVERSE ENGINEERING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 1994年第4期4卷 501-520页

作者： TILLEY, SR WONG, K STOREY, MAD MULLER, HA UNIV VICTORIA DEPT COMP SCIVICTORIABC V8W 3P6CANADA

Program understanding can be enhanced using reverse engineering technologies. The understanding process is heavily dependent on both individuals and their specific cognitive abilities, and on the set of facilities provided by the program understanding environment. Unfortunately, most reverse engineering tools provide a fixed palette of extraction, selection, and organization techniques. This paper describes a programmable approach to reverse engineering. The approach uses a scripting language that enables users to write their own routines for common reverse engineering activities, such as graph layout, metrics, and subsystem decomposition, thereby extending the capabilities of the reverse engineering toolset to better suit their needs. A programmable environment supported by this approach subsumes existing reverse engineering systems by being able to simulate facets of each one.

关键词： end-user programming EXTENSIBILITY PROGRAM UNDERSTANDING REVERSE ENGINEERING SCRIPTING

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An editing tool that manages device associations in an in-home environment

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PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 2004年第3-4期8卷 255-263页

作者： Mavrommati, Irene Kameas, Achilles Markopoulos, Panos Comp Technol Inst Patras 26221 Greece Univ Aegean Dept Prod & Syst Design Engn Aegean Greece Eindhoven Univ Technol NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

The forthcoming home environment will comprise numerous computationally enhanced artifacts that are autonomous, but interconnected via an invisible web of network-based services. The approach presented in this paper is to enable end users to make their own applications by linking such artifacts, which are treated as reusable "components.'' A key requirement to achieve this is the availability of editing tools that meet the needs of different classes of users. A tool of this kind designed for end users is presented in this paper, together with the outcome of user evaluation sessions.

关键词： Ubiquitous computing Component architectures end-user programming

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EXPERIMENTS WITH OVAL - A RADICALLY TAILORABLE TOOL FOR COOPERATIVE WORK

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1995年第2期13卷 177-205页

作者： MALONE, TW LAI, KY FRY, C MIT Center for Coordination Science Cambridge MA

This article describes a series of tests of the generality of a ''radically tailorable'' tool for cooperative work. users of this system can create applications by combining and modifying four kinds of building blocks: objects, views, agents, and links. We found that user-level tailoring of these primitives can provide most of the functionality found in well-known cooperative work systems such as gIBIS, Coordinator, Lotus Notes, and Information Lens. These primitives, therefore, appear to provide an elementary ''tailoring language'' out of which a wide variety of integrated information management and collaboration applications can be constructed by end users.

关键词： COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK end-user programming GROUPWARE RADICAL TAILORABILITY

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Timing-Specified Controllers with Feedback for Human-Robot Handovers 31

Timing-Specified Controllers with Feedback for Human-Robot H...

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31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) - Social, Asocial, and Antisocial Robots

作者： Kshirsagar, Alap Ravi, Rahul Kumar Kress-Gazit, Hadas Hoffman, Guy Cornell Univ Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Ithaca NY 14853 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188591

We develop and evaluate two human-robot handover controllers that allow end-users to specify timing parameters for the robot reach motion, and that provide feedback if the robot cannot satisfy those constraints. end-user tuning with feedback is a useful controller feature in settings where robots have to be re-programmed for varying task requirements but end-users do not have programming knowledge. The two controllers we propose are both receding-horizon controllers that differ in their objective function, and their user specified parameters, and subsequently their user-interface: One controller uses a minimum cumulative jerk (MCJ) objective function, and the other a minimum cumulative error (MCE) objective function. We implemented the controllers on a collaborative robot and conducted two controlled experiments to compare the user experience and performance of these controllers vis-`avis a baseline proportional velocity (PV) controller. In each experiment, participants (n = 30) interactively tuned the controller parameters, and collaborated with a robot to perform a time-constrained repetitive task. We found that the timing controller with the MCE implementation can provide a better user experience, both while setting the parameters ( p = 0.011) and performing the handovers with the robot (p < 0.001), and fewer failures (p = 0.016) compared to the PV controller, however the MCJ implementation did not provide better user experience compared to the PV controller. The MCJ controller also resulted in more failures than the PV controller. These results could inform the design of usable and effective end-user configurable controllers for human-robot interaction.

关键词： end-user programming Human-Robot Handovers Model Predictive Control

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InerSens: A Block-Based programming Platform for Learning Sensor Data Analytics in Construction Engineering Programs

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JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING 2024年第3期30卷

作者： Khalid, Mohammad Akanmu, Abiola Afolabi, Adedeji Murzi, Homero Awolusi, Ibukun Agee, Philip Virginia Tech Myers Lawson Sch Construct Construct Engn & Management Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Myers Lawson Sch Construct Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Engn Educ Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Univ Texas San Antonio Sch Civil & Environm Engn & Construct Management San Antonio TX 78249 USA

Construction firms face challenges in sourcing qualified candidates for enhancing project outcomes through sensor data analytics. There are limited tools for teaching students from construction-related disciplines how to analyze sensor data. By harnessing the potential of block-based programming, this study designed a pedagogical tool, InerSens, to support construction engineering students with no prior programming experience to analyze sensor data and address real-world construction challenges, such as ergonomic risks. Altogether 20 students participated in an experiment comparing InerSens and a traditional platform, Microsoft Excel, for data analytics. Evaluations involved usability, perceived workload, visual attention, verbal feedback using the System Usability Scale, NASA TLX, eye-tracking metrics, and interviews. InerSens was rated as 8.89% more user-friendly than the traditional tool, with a significantly reduced perceived cognitive load by 46.11%, and a more balanced distribution of visual attention during data analytics tasks. Through the evaluation of cognitive and usability factors, this paper extends the applications of the Learning-for-Use and the Cognitive Load theories, emphasizing their applicability in instructional design, revealing learner needs, and the potential to advance the development of pedagogical tools for data analytics.

关键词： Sensor data analytics Sensing technologies end-user programming Usability engineering Eye-tracking Ergonomic Risk assessment Construction education

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Flow-Based programming for Machine Learning

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FUTURE INTERNET 2022年第2期14卷 58-58页

作者： Mahapatra, Tanmaya Banoo, Syeeda Nilofer Tech Univ Munich Software & Syst Engn Res Grp Boltzmannstr 03 D-85748 Garching Germany Birla Inst Technol & Sci Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India

Machine Learning (ML) has gained prominence and has tremendous applications in fields like medicine, biology, geography and astrophysics, to name a few. Arguably, in such areas, it is used by domain experts, who are not necessarily skilled-programmers. Thus, it presents a steep learning curve for such domain experts in programming ML applications. To overcome this and foster widespread adoption of ML techniques, we propose to equip them with domain-specific graphical tools. Such tools, based on the principles of flow-based programming paradigm, would support the graphical composition of ML applications at a higher level of abstraction and auto-generation of target code. Accordingly, (i) we have modelled ML algorithms as composable components;(ii) described an approach to parse a flow created by connecting several such composable components and use an API-based code generation technique to generate the ML application. To demonstrate the feasibility of our conceptual approach, we have modelled the APIs of Apache Spark ML as composable components and validated it in three use-cases. The use-cases are designed to capture the ease of program specification at a higher abstraction level, easy parametrisation of ML APIs, auto-generation of the ML application and auto-validation of the generated model for better prediction accuracy.

关键词： end-user programming graphical flows graphical programming tools machine learning as a service (MLaaS) machine-learning-platform-as-a-service (ML PaaS) machine learning pipelines

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Coding Livecoding 14

Coding Livecoding

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32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Swift, Ben Sorensen, Andrew Martin, Michael Gardner, Henry Australian Natl Univ RS Comp Sci CECS Canberra ACT Australia Queensland Univ Technol Inst Future Environm Brisbane Qld Australia Australian Natl Univ RS Finance Actuarial Studies & Appl Stat Canberra ACT Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450324731

Livecoding is an artistic programming practice in which an artist's low-level interaction can be observed with sufficiently high fidelity to allow for transcription and analysis. This paper presents the first reported "coding" of livecoding videos. From an identified corpus of videos available on the web, we coded performances of two different livecoding artists, recording both the (textual) programming edit events and the musical effect of these edits. Our analysis includes a novel, transition-matrix visualisation of the textual and musical dimensions of this data to create a "performer fingerprint". We show how detailed transcriptions of livecoding videos can be made which, we hope, will provide a foundation for further research into describing and understanding livecoding.

关键词： Creativity Support Tools end-user programming

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Dexen: A scalable and extensible platform for experimenting with population-based design exploration algorithms

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AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING 2015年第4期29卷 443-455页

作者： Janssen, Patrick Natl Univ Singapore Dept Architecture Singapore 117566 Singapore

A platform for experimenting with population-based design exploration algorithms is presented, called Dexen. The platform has been developed in order to address the needs of two distinct groups of users loosely labeled as researchers and designers. Whereas the researchers group focuses on creating and testing customized toolkits, the designers group focuses on applying these toolkits in the design process. A platform is required that is scalable and extensible: scalable to allow computationally demanding population-based exploration algorithms to be executed on distributed hardware within reasonable time frames, and extensible to allow researchers to easily implement their own customized toolkits consisting of specialized algorithms and user interfaces. In order to address these requirements, a three-tier client-server system architecture has been used that separates data storage, domain logic, and presentation. This separation allows customized toolkits to be created for Dexen without requiring any changes to the data or logic tiers. In the logic tier, Dexen uses a programming model in which tasks only communicate through data objects stored in a key-value database. The paper ends with a case study experiment that uses a multicriteria evolutionary algorithm toolkit to explore alternative configurations for the massing and facade design of a large residential development. The parametric models for developing and evaluating design variants are described in detail. A population of design variants are evolved, a number of which are selected for further analysis. The case study demonstrates how evolutionary exploration methods can be applied to a complex design scenario without requiring any scripting.

关键词： Design Exploration Design Optimization Distributed Computing end-user programming Evolutionary Algorithms

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