As more and more devices become available and interconnected, there is a growing need for endusers to control the devices in a programmatic manner. Our prior work explored end-user programming models for the Internet...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350301885
As more and more devices become available and interconnected, there is a growing need for endusers to control the devices in a programmatic manner. Our prior work explored end-user programming models for the Internet of Things (IoT). We started with the premise that current trigger-based approaches, while helpful, are not sufficient. What is needed was a more program-oriented, continuous approach for handling more complex devices. Our prior work explored different strategies for such a continuous approach. In this paper we detail the lessons learned and outline our current directions aimed at creating a practical system.
In recent days, a lot of appliances with a processor and communication function are developed along the progress of computer technology. They are expected to support our daily life with their cooperation on home netwo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509016365
In recent days, a lot of appliances with a processor and communication function are developed along the progress of computer technology. They are expected to support our daily life with their cooperation on home network. Since everyone has own lifestyles and demands, building a program on the network by residents themselves is necessary for obtaining appropriate supports. However, it is quite difficult for general people to build an own program. In this study, thus, we propose a method to build a simple program in which appliances cooperate using a colloquial instruction sentence. Our method defines an event and an action of ECA rule, which works on each appliance, by selecting pre-defined clauses in natural language, as well as automatically assigns corresponding appliances. The usability evaluation showed that our method ease a program cooperating appliances.
One of the core challenges in creating interactive behaviors for social robots is testing. Programs implementing the interactive behaviors require real humans to test and this requirement makes testing of the programs...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665407311
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665407311
One of the core challenges in creating interactive behaviors for social robots is testing. Programs implementing the interactive behaviors require real humans to test and this requirement makes testing of the programs extremely expensive. To address this problem, human-robot interaction researchers in the past proposed using human simulators. However, human simulators are tedious to set up and context-dependent and therefore are not widely used in practice. We propose a program synthesis approach to building human simulators for the purpose of testing interactive robot programs. Our key ideas are (1) representing human simulators as probabilistic functional reactive programming programs and (2) using probabilistic inference for synthesizing human simulator programs. Programmers then will be able to build human simulators by providing interaction traces between a robot and a human or two humans which they can later use to test interactive robot programs and improve or tweak as needed.
We describe a new system for building Tablet PC-based classroom software. The system, called SLICE, is built for extensibility, using a unique "explicit state" model. Applications developed thus far include ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781595939470
We describe a new system for building Tablet PC-based classroom software. The system, called SLICE, is built for extensibility, using a unique "explicit state" model. Applications developed thus far include presentation, classroom interaction, shared code review, and exam grading. The paper presents an overview of the system and describes these four applications. It then explains the extensibility model, showing how users can add new features.
Mavo is a small extension to the HTML language that empowers non-programmers to create simple web applications. Authors can mark up any normal HTML document with attributes that specify data elements that Mavo makes e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450359481
Mavo is a small extension to the HTML language that empowers non-programmers to create simple web applications. Authors can mark up any normal HTML document with attributes that specify data elements that Mavo makes editable and persists. But while applications authored with Mavo allow users to edit individual data items, they do not offer any programmatic data actions that can act in customizable ways on large collections of data simultaneously or that modify data according to a computation. We explore an extension to the Mavo language that enables non-programmers to author these richer data update actions. We show that it lets authors create a more powerful set of applications than they could previously, while adding little additional complexity to the authoring process. Through user evaluations, we assess how closely our data update syntax matches how novice authors would instinctively express such actions, and how well they are able to use the syntax we provided.
How can end-user programming environments better help their users overcome programming barriers? We have been investigating an approach called Idea Gardening, which addresses this problem by helping endusers to help ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467308502
How can end-user programming environments better help their users overcome programming barriers? We have been investigating an approach called Idea Gardening, which addresses this problem by helping endusers to help themselves overcome barriers in the context of "doing". In this paper, we report on a qualitative empirical study of how effectively an Idea Garden prototype helped endusers overcome programming barriers in the CoScripter environment, and the extent to which participants learned after interacting with our features. Our results showed that 9 out of 10 participants who encountered barriers and then used the Idea Garden, overcame their barriers. Further, all 9 went on to demonstrate evidence of having learned the programming concepts, patterns, and strategies relevant to overcoming these barriers.
Computational Thinking is an essential skill for all students in the 21st Century. A fundamental question is how can we create computer affordances to empower novice teachers and students, in a variety of STEM and art...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509002528
Computational Thinking is an essential skill for all students in the 21st Century. A fundamental question is how can we create computer affordances to empower novice teachers and students, in a variety of STEM and art disciplines, to think computationally while avoiding difficult overhead emerging from traditional coding? Over the last 20 years we have iteratively developed tools that aim to support computational thinking. As these tools evolved a philosophy emerged to support Computational Thinking by joining human abilities with computer affordances. Chief among these findings is that supporting Computational Thinking is much more than making coding accessible. Computational Thinking Tools aim to minimize coding overhead by supporting users through three fundamental stages of the Computational Thinking development cycle: problem formulation, solution expression, and solution execution/evaluation.
Proper statistical modeling incorporates domain theory about how concepts relate and details of how data were measured. However, data analysts currently lack tool support for recording and reasoning about domain assum...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450391573
Proper statistical modeling incorporates domain theory about how concepts relate and details of how data were measured. However, data analysts currently lack tool support for recording and reasoning about domain assumptions, data collection, and modeling choices in an integrated manner, leading to mistakes that can compromise scientific validity. For instance, generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) help answer complex research questions, but omitting random effects impairs the generalizability of results. To address this need, we present Tisane, a mixed-initiative system for authoring generalized linear models with and without mixed-effects. Tisane introduces a study design specification language for expressing and asking questions about relationships between variables. Tisane contributes an interactive compilation process that represents relationships in a graph, infers candidate statistical models, and asks follow-up questions to disambiguate user queries to construct a valid model. In case studies with three researchers, we find that Tisane helps them focus on their goals and assumptions while avoiding past mistakes.
Universally available services, which communicate in a standardized way, can provide a new generation of middleware. Harnessing the advantages of this promising middleware technology, however, means to be capable to u...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595933921
Universally available services, which communicate in a standardized way, can provide a new generation of middleware. Harnessing the advantages of this promising middleware technology, however, means to be capable to understand and to handle its design language which emerges from standards like SOAP, WSDL, BPEL, etc. These languages are necessary for finding, composing and orchestrating web services. If at all, only IT experts are familiar with these languages. The key actors, the domain experts of business processes, however, are not IT experts, and thus do not become the main designers. WS-Talk is a research project that encourages the coexistence of Natural Language and Web service technology. It reinforces the role of domain experts in designing business processes without having to resort to their IT colleagues. In our approach business process experts write storybooks in their own language. Their instructions are matched with semantics that represent application logic that, in turn, supports the automatic composition of software components. The WS-Talk products currently support organizations in managing their own and individual information;i.e. to set up their own enterprise search engine.
Among the plenty of educational software, therapeutic software for dyslexia is not so abundant. The paper considers two different approaches to development of software for supporting specific learning difficulties. On...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789531841801;9781467359849
Among the plenty of educational software, therapeutic software for dyslexia is not so abundant. The paper considers two different approaches to development of software for supporting specific learning difficulties. One could be offering of visual enduserprogramming tools to speech and language pathologists so that they could develop specific software applications customized for their patients. The other approach could be the engagement of students majoring in educational sciences who are studying informatics as their secondary discipline to develop applications. Paper presents concept of enduser development environment aimed for speech and language pathologistsas well as educational pilot-applications developed by the students.
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