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9th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE)

作者： Chin, Jeannette Callaghan, Vic Anglia Ruskin Univ Cambridge England Univ Essex Sch Comp Sci & Elect Engn Colchester Essex England

ISBN: (纸本)9780769550381

This paper explores some a novel approaches to harnessing the Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a teaching and research vehicle in education. For teaching we argue that the Internet-of-Things provides a highly motivating topic to capture students' imaginations, and a perfect platform for teaching computer science. In addition, we explain the potential for entire campuses or buildings to be constructed from Internet-of-Things technologies and the potential for this infrastructure to act as a teaching platform. This proposition is perfectly captured by the axiom "The college building (or campus) is the lab". This philosophy is part of a wider movement that started in the EU, called Living Labs. In achieving these aims, our work seeks to combine a number of concepts;first we utilise the Internet-of-Things, second we incorporate Living Labs ideas, third we harness the iCampus vision, forth we use the 'Smart Box' concept and finally we implement the Pervasive-interactive-programming (PiP) paradigm. We contend this approach can be used in various mixes to produce highly motivating and effective educational environments. We illustrate this work by describing the application of these ideas to a real-world venture, the Harlow UTC (in the UK). The main focus of this paper concerns the use of PiP, together with the Internet-of-Things, to teach elementary programming skills. In in support of this we present results of an evaluation of PiP with 18 participants (students and staff) of varied age and gender. The main conclusions of these evaluations were that PiP enabled students and staff, with diverse backgrounds, to quickly master the programming skills involved. The paper concludes by describing our future plans for this work.

关键词： component Internet-of-Things Cloud-of-Things end-user programming Intelligent Campus Smart Boxes Living Labs Intelligent Environments Education

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Form-Based Web Service Composition for Domain Experts

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON THE WEB 2013年第1期8卷 2-2页

作者： Weber, Ingo Paik, Hye-Young Benatallah, Boualem NICTA Sydney NSW Australia Univ New S Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

In many cases, it is not cost effective to automate business processes which affect a small number of people and/or change frequently. We present a novel approach for enabling domain experts to model and deploy such processes from their respective domain as Web service compositions. The approach builds on user-editable service, naming and representing Web services as forms. On this basis, the approach provides a visual composition language with a targeted restriction of control-flow expressivity, process simulation, automated process verification mechanisms, and code generation for executing orchestrations. A Web-based service composition prototype implements this approach, including a WS-BPEL code generator. A small lab user study with 14 participants showed promising results for the usability of the system, even for nontechnical domain experts.

关键词： Design Algorithms Verification Web service composition end-user programming automatic code generation business process modelling SaaS

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PROGRAMMATIC INTERFACES FOR INTEGRATION OF DIVERSE WEB CONTENTS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2013年第10期23卷 1487-1511页

作者： Guo, Junxia Han, Hao Beijing Univ Chem Technol Coll Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Kanagawa Univ Fac Sci Dept Informat Sci Hiratsuka Kanagawa 2591293 Japan

The technology that integrates various types of Web contents to build a new Web application through end-user programming is widely used nowadays. However, the Web contents do not have a uniform interface for accessing the data and computation. Most of the general Web users access information on the Web through applications until now. Hence, designing a uniform and flexible programmatic interface for integration of different Web contents is unavoidable. In this paper, we propose an approach that can be used to analyze Web applications automatically and reuse the information of Web applications through the programmatic interface we designed. Our approach can support the flexible integration of Web applications, Web services and Web feeds. In our experiments, we use a large number of Web pages from different types of Web applications and achieve the integration by the proposed programmatic interfaces. The experimental results show that our approach brings to the end-users a flexible and user-friendly programming environment.

关键词： Programmatic interface integration Web application Web service partial information extraction end-user programming

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A Web-Centred Approach to end-user Software Engineering

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND METHODOLOGY 2013年第4期22卷 36-36页

作者： Lizcano, David Alonso, Fernando Soriano, Javier Lopez, Genoveva Univ 3 Distancia Madrid UDIMA Madrid 28400 Spain Univ Politecn Madrid Sch Comp Madrid Spain

This article addresses one of the major end-user software engineering (EUSE) challenges, namely, how to motivate end users to apply unfamiliar software engineering techniques and activities to achieve their goal: translate requirements into software that meets their needs. EUSE activities are secondary to the goal that the program is helping to achieve and end-user programming is opportunistic. The challenge is then to find ways to incorporate EUSE activities into the existing workflow without users having to make substantial changes to the type of work they do or their priorities. In this article, we set out an approach to EUSE for webbased applications. We also propose a software lifecycle that is consistent with the conditions and priorities of end users without programming skills and is well-aligned with EUSE's characteristic informality, ambiguity and opportunisticness. users applying this lifecyclemanage to find solutions that they would otherwise be unable to identify. They also develop quality products. users of this approach will not have to be acquainted with software engineering, as a framework will take them through the web-centred EUSE lifecycle step-by-step. We also report a statistical experiment in which users develop web software with and without a framework to guide them through the lifecycle. Its aim is to validate the applicability of our framework-driven lifecycle.

关键词： Human Factors Languages Experimentation Design Reliability end-user programming end-user development visual programming human-computer interaction

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A Proposal for Development of Software to Support Specific Learning Difficulties

A Proposal for Development of Software to Support Specific L...

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International Conference on Telecommunications

作者： Jasna Hamzabegovic Damir Kalpi? University of Biha? Pedagogical Faculty/Department of Mathematics and Informatics Biha? Bosnia and Herzegovina University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467359849

Among the plenty of educational software, therapeutic software for dyslexia is not so abundant. The paper considers two different approaches to development of software for supporting specific learning difficulties. One could be offering of visual end user programming tools to speech and language pathologists so that they could develop specific software applications customized for their patients. The other approach could be the engagement of students majoring in educational sciences who are studying informatics as their secondary discipline to develop applications. Paper presents concept of end user development environment aimed for speech and language pathologistsas well as educational pilot-applications developed by the students.

关键词： end-user programming speech and language pathologists dyslexia therapeutic software

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A Plug-in Architecture for Connecting to New Data Sources on Mobile Devices

A Plug-in Architecture for Connecting to New Data Sources on...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing

作者： Kerry Shih-Ping Chang Brad A. Myers Gene M. Cahill Soumya Simanta Edwin Morris Grace Lewis Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903702

A key use for mobile devices is to search and view online information while on the go. As a result, many mobile applications serve as front ends for online databases. While there are many thousands of data sources that provide web service APIs giving access to their databases, creating mobile applications to use those sources requires significant mobile programming knowledge and a significant amount of time. We introduce Spinel, a plug-in architecture for Android, and a set of web-based configuration tools that together enable users to connect mobile applications to new data sources without programming. Spinel also provides APIs that make it easy for developers to create new applications that use those data sources. We provide three demonstration Android applications that use such data: Listpad for entering personal lists, Listviewer for viewing results of data queries, and Mapviewer for displaying query results on a map. An informal usability study showed that users could successfully attach new data sources to those applications.

关键词： end-user programming mobile devices plug-ins web APIs mashups

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Using the crowd to understand and adapt user interfaces 13

Using the crowd to understand and adapt user interfaces

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Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems

作者： Jeffrey Nichols IBM Research - Almaden San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321389

Engineering user interfaces has long implied careful design carried out using formal methods applied by human experts and automated systems. While these methods have advantages, especially for creating interfaces that have the flexibility to adapt to users and situations, they can also be time consuming, expensive, and there are relatively few experts able to apply them effectively. In particular, many engineering methods require the construction of one or more models, each of which can only be created through many hours of work by an expert. In this keynote, I will explore how social and human computation methods can be applied to reduce the barriers to achieving user interface flexibility and ultimately to using engineering methods. In a first example, I will illustrate how groups of users can work together to modify and improve user interfaces through end-user programming examples from the CoScripter and Highlight projects. I will then discuss some initial work on using a crowd of novice workers to create models of existing user interfaces. I hope this keynote will inspire the engineering community to consider alternate approaches that creatively combine formal methods with the power of crowds.

关键词： highlight model-based user interfaces coscripter social media qcrowd human computation end-user programming crowd computing

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Lost while Searching: Difficulties in Information Seeking among end-user Programmers 13

Lost while Searching: Difficulties in Information Seeking am...

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Annual Meeting of The American Society for Information Science and Technology

作者： Brian Dorn Adam Stankiewicz Chris Roggi University of Nebraska at Omaha University of Hartford

ISBN: (纸本)9780877155454

end-user programmers, those who write code but lack formal training in computer science, are often reliant on various tools such as API documentation or searching the Web for information in order to complete a specific task. This study examines the information foraging behaviors of a group of web and graphic designers engaged in a series of code modification tasks. We find that users were largely unsuccessful in their foraging activities, with few information seeking events resulting in noticeable changes to participants' source code. Participants viewed remarkably few results generated by their queries and rarely refined queries multiple times. However, these kinds of activities were positively correlated with task success metrics. We conclude with a discussion of the study's results and their implications on the design of future programming environments and search tools for end-user programmers.

关键词： end-user programming Information foraging Search behaviors Novice programmers end users Information Seeking end user programming Computer personnel Graphic designers Web search engines computer science

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Combining cognitive, semiotic and discourse analysis to explore the power of notations in visual programming

Combining cognitive, semiotic and discourse analysis to expl...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Ferreira, Juliana J. de Souza, Clarisse S. de Castro Salgado, Luciana C. Slaviero, Cleyton Leitao, Carla F. Moreira, Fabio de F. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Dept Informat Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Inst Computacao UFF Niteroi RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467308502

Using game design and programming to foster computational thinking acquisition has proved to be a successful strategy in recent years. In previous research with AgentSheets, we concluded that the semiotic richness of this visual programming environment, specifically designed to support computational thinking acquisition, could be explored more extensively to the benefit of learners. In particular, we realized that there are some additional representations of AgentSheets games and simulations that are not presented as programming tools in the interface, and yet they communicate new relevant meanings to the users. This paper reports on research where we artificially introduced such representations in a small follow-up experiment with selected participants from our previous research experiment. Our goal was to investigate the impact of such additional representations on program comprehension and modification tasks. To this end we contrasted empirical evidence of their performance in the two tasks with their verbal account of experience with AgentSheets. We used a combination of discourse analysis and inspections using Semiotic Engineering methods and the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework. Our findings go in two directions. First, we observed that additional representations have allowed participants to expand and correct previous learning. Therefore such representations can support new teaching strategies in computational thinking acquisition programs with AgentSheets. Second, we learned that the combination of methods we used to analyze empirical data - discourse analysis with semiotic and cognitive inspection techniques - can be used systematically in other research contexts, holding the promise of insightful results.

关键词： computational thinking end-user programming visual programming cognitive dimentions of notations semiotic engineering methods

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A crowdsourcing method to develop virtual human conversational agents

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES 2012年第4期70卷 301-319页

作者： Rossen, Brent Lok, Benjamin Univ Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

Educators in medicine, psychology, and the military want to provide their students with interpersonal skills practice. Virtual humans offer structured learning of interview skills, can facilitate learning about unusual conditions, and are always available. However, the creation of virtual humans with the ability to understand and respond to natural language requires costly engineering by conversation knowledge engineers (generally computer scientists), and incurs logistical cost for acquiring domain knowledge from domain experts (educators). We address these problems using a novel crowdsourcing method entitled Human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling. This method facilitates collaborative development of virtual humans by two groups of end-users: domain experts (educators) and domain novices (students). We implemented this method in a web-based authoring tool called Virtual People Factory. Using Virtual People Factory, medical and pharmacy educators are now creating natural language virtual patient interactions on their own. This article presents the theoretical background for Human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling, the implementation of the Virtual People Factory authoring tool, and five case studies showing that Human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling has addressed the logistical cost for acquiring knowledge. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Virtual humans Agents and intelligent systems Human-centered computing Distributed knowledge acquisition end-user programming

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