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How do we program the home? Gender, attention investment, and the psychology of programming at home

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES 2009年第4期67卷 324-341页

作者： Blackwell, Alan F. Rode, Jennifer A. Toye, Eleanor F. Univ Cambridge Comp Lab Cambridge CB3 0FD England

We report a series of studies investigating the choices that users make between direct manipulation and abstract programming strategies when operating domestic appliances. We characterise these strategic choices in terms of the Attention Investment model of abstraction use. We then describe an experiment that investigates the estimation biases influencing the individual parameters of that model. These biases are linked to gender in a way that explains some gender differences in discretionary appliance use. Finally, we suggest design strategies that might compensate for those gender-linked estimation biases, and therefore make programmable features of future homes more accessible to a wider range of users. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： end-user programming Gender HCl Home automation Domestic technology Appliance design VCR Attention investment

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ESPranto SDK: an Adaptive programming Environment for Tangible Applications 09

ESPranto SDK: an Adaptive Programming Environment for Tangib...

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27th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： van Herk, Robert Verhaegh, Janneke Fontijn, Willem Philips Research Europe Eindhoven Netherlands Serious Toys Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582467

This paper describes the ESPranto Software Development Kit, which supports the development of sensor/actuator based applications, most notably educational toys and games. It enables non-technical users, such as parents, teachers, game developers and psychologists, to specify applications by themselves. The SDK allows them to start off quickly with developing simple applications. Then, as their programming skills increase with experience, the SDK supports them to create more complex applications. This is achieved by offering a. complete tool chain with one, consistent programming paradigm. Each link is a separate tool offering a tailored amount of flexibility and complexity. To ensure that users can understand the feedback the SDK provides them, it is given in terms of the tool currently used. Furthermore, by preventing runtime errors, a user can be sure a program will work correctly if it compiles. We validated the ESPranto SDK partially by tests, but mainly by monitoring users applying the SDK. In practice the ESPranto SDK indeed proved to meet its design goals for all of its intended users.

关键词： end-user programming software development kit reactive programming tangible interaction

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Configuration Versus programming in user Interfaces for Autonomous Devices

Configuration Versus Programming in User Interfaces for Auto...

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Computation World - Future Computing, Service Computation, Cognitive, Adaptive, Content, Patterns Conference

作者： Saerbeck, Martin Holenderski, Leszek Eindhoven Univ Technol Ind Design POB 513 NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Philips Res Connected Consumer Solut Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781424451661

A fundamental issue in designing a user interface for an autonomous device is the level of end-user control. Typically, the designer of the user interface has to make a trade-off between ease of use and full control over the device. In this study we analyze different approaches adopted in user interface design, and identify two basic categories of control: configuration and programming. Currently, most approaches adopt configuration, due to its simplicity, but we observe a shift towards programming, due to the limitations of configuration. We identify several essential differences between the two approaches, and suggest three criteria that can guide a designer in choosing a particular category of control: (1) modified versus added control, (2) unconditional versus conditional control and (3) level of device autonomy. Our criteria help to decide when configuration is not sufficient, and programming should be used instead.

关键词： user interfaces user centered design Programmable control Automation end-user programming

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Mutation Operators for Spreadsheets

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2009年第1期35卷 94-108页

作者： Abraham, Robin Erwig, Martin Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Oregon State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kelly Engn Ctr Corvallis OR 97330 USA

Based on 1) research into mutation testing for general-purpose programming languages and 2) spreadsheet errors that have been reported in the literature, we have developed a suite of mutation operators for spreadsheets. We present an evaluation of the mutation adequacy of definition-use adequate test suites generated by a constraint-based automatic test-case generation system we have developed in previous work. The results of the evaluation suggest additional constraints that can be incorporated into the system to target mutation adequacy. In addition to being useful in mutation testing of spreadsheets, the operators can be used in the evaluation of error-detection tools and also for seeding spreadsheets with errors for empirical studies. We describe two case studies where the suite of mutation operators helped us carry out such empirical evaluations. The main contribution of this paper is a suite of mutation operators for spreadsheets that can be used for performing empirical evaluations of spreadsheet tools to indicate ways in which the tools can be improved.

关键词： end-user software engineering spreadsheets end-user programming

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Mashups: A Literature Review and Classification Framework

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FUTURE INTERNET 2009年第1期1卷 59-87页

作者： Beemer, Brandon Gregg, Dawn Univ Colorado Business Sch Denver CO 80202 USA

The evolution of the Web over the past few years has fostered the growth of a handful of new technologies (e.g. Blogs, Wiki's, Web Services). Recently web mashups have emerged as the newest Web technology and have gained lots of momentum and attention from both academic and industry communities. Current mashup literature focuses on a wide array of issues, which can be partially explained by how new the topic is. However, to date, mashup literature lacks an articulation of the different subtopics of web mashup research. This study presents a broad review of mashup literature to help frame the subtopics in mashup research.

关键词： web mashups end-user programming data integration mashup agents enterprise mashups

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Attaching UI Enhancements to Websites with end users 09

Attaching UI Enhancements to Websites with End Users

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27th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Toomim, Michael Drucker, Steven M. Dontcheva, Mira Rahimi, Ali Thomson, Blake Landay, James A. Univ Washington DUB Grp Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582467

We present reform, a step toward write-once apply-anywhere user interface enhancements. The reform system envisions roles for both programmers and end users in enhancing existing websites to support new goals. First, a programmer authors a traditional masbup or browser extension, but they do not write a web scraper. Instead they use reform, which allows novice end users to attach the enhancement to their favorite sites with a scraping by-example interface. reform makes enhancements easier to program while also carrying the benefit that end users can apply the enhancements to any number of new websites. We present reform's architecture, user interface, interactive by-example extraction algorithm for novices, and evaluation, along with five example reform enabled enhancements.

关键词： web data extraction mashups programming by example end-user programming

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Musink: Composing Music through Augmented Drawing 09

Mus<i>ink</i>: Composing Music through Augmented Drawing

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27th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Tsandilas, Theophanis Letondl, Catherine Mackay, Wendy E. Univ Paris 11 LRI INRIA Saclay F-91405 Orsay France

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582467

We focus on the creative use of paper in the music composition process, particularly the interaction between paper and end-user programming. When expressing musical ideas, composers draw in a precise way, not just sketch. Working in close collaboration with composers, we designed Musink to provide them with a smooth transition between paper drawings and OpenMusic, a flexible music composition tool. Musink's built-in recognizers handle common needs, such as scoping and annotation. users can also define new gestures and associate them with their own or pre-defined software functions. Musink supports semi-structured, delayed interpretation and serve's as a customizable gesture browser, giving composers significant freedom to create their own, individualized composition languages and to experiment with music, on-paper and on-line.

关键词： Creativity interactive paper participatory design musical interfaces end-user programming gesture interfaces

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What Is end-user Software Engineering and Why Does It Matter?

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2nd International Symposium on end-user Development

作者： Burnett, Margaret Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783642004254

end-user programming has become ubiquitous, so much so that there are more end-user programmers today than there are professional programmers. end-user programming empowers-but to do what? Make really bad decisions based on really bad programs? Enter software engineering's focus on quality. Considering software quality is necessary, because there is ample evidence that the programs end users create are filled with expensive errors. In this paper, I consider what happens when we add to end-user programming environments considerations of software quality, going beyond the "create a program" aspect of end-user programming. I describe a philosophy to software engineering for end users, and then survey several projects in this area. A basic premise is that end-user software engineering can only succeed to the extent that it respects the fact that the user probably has little expertise or even interest in software engineering.

关键词： end-user software engineering end-user programming end-user development

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Human-Centered Distributed Conversational Modeling: Efficient Modeling of Robust Virtual Human Conversations

Human-Centered Distributed Conversational Modeling: Efficien...

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9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents

作者： Rossen, Brent Lind, Scott Lok, Benjamin Univ Florida CISE Gainesville FL 32611 USA Med Coll Georgia Dept Surg Augusta GA 30912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783642043796

Currently, applications that focus on providing conversations with virtual humans require extensive work to create robust conversational models. We present a new approach called Human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling. Using this approach, users create conversational models in a distributed manner. To do this, end-users interact with virtual humans to provide new stimuli (questions and statements), and domain-specific experts (e.g. medical/psychology educators) provide new virtual human responses. Using this process, users become the primary developers of conversational models. We tested our approach by creating an example application, Virtual People Factory. Using Virtual People Factory, a pharmacy instructor and 186 pharmacy students were able to create a robust conversational model in 15 hours. This is approximately 10% of the time typical in current approaches and results in more comprehensive coverage of the conversational space. In addition, surveys demonstrate the acceptability of this approach by both educators and students.

关键词： Virtual Humans Agents and Intelligent Systems Human-centered Computing Distributed Knowledge Acquisition end-user programming

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Situational Mashups for Ubiquitous Learning

数位学习科技期刊

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数位学习科技期刊 2009年第3期1卷 245-265页

作者：黃福銘楊鎮華

Mashups is an emerging technology on the Web 2.0. users can propose favorite preferences and compose various widgets in a mashboard. The mashups selection can be performed dynamically identifying the situational set of widgets available at runtime. Students can mash-up the required learning services in ubiquitous learning environment. In this context, there are dynamic changes in user situations, defined as the configuration of accessible widgets depending on user location and schedule. The development of Situational Mashups requires mechanisms to interpret user context and to mash-up optimal widgets. We proposed a system including context representation, situation reasoning, workflow planning, and mashups optimization, called SituMash, capable of supporting the automatic composition of widgets in response to situation changes without user manual selection. Students can interact with the learning services seamlessly. Experimental results demonstrated that the system possess effective capabilities in composition-time, ease-of-use and usefulness.

关键词： end-user programming Mashups Situation Awareness Ubiquitous Learning Web 2.0

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