Recent enhancements to the spreadsheet formula language and intelligent spreadsheet interfaces allow spreadsheet users to build more complex spreadsheets in systematic ways (e.g., via functional abstractions). However...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350329469
Recent enhancements to the spreadsheet formula language and intelligent spreadsheet interfaces allow spreadsheet users to build more complex spreadsheets in systematic ways (e.g., via functional abstractions). However, users have been slow to adopt such features, partly due to the absence of corresponding improvements in tools such as editors and debuggers. In this paper, we present FXD, a novel spreadsheet debugging interface, which provides structured information needed for spreadsheet users to debug formulas in systematic ways through affordances such as the ability to step into the execution of dependencies and provide contextual information to users based on the current context. An in-vitro, within-subject (n=12) experiment revealed that, even though using FXD did not lead to faster debugging, participants reported qualitative improvements (e.g., feelings of efficiency and capability) when debugging with it. Further, participants were more satisfied with the amount of information provided by FXD and felt that it would enhance their existing debugging workflows. Our results have implications for the design of debuggers for spreadsheets and for functional programming languages in general.
Low-code and no-code development has emerged as a significant trend in the software industry, empowering the masses and revolutionizing the way software applications are created. While often labeled as buzzwords, thes...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350324983
Low-code and no-code development has emerged as a significant trend in the software industry, empowering the masses and revolutionizing the way software applications are created. While often labeled as buzzwords, these two terms correspond in reality to a very large set of tools and growing communities. While many studies have been made for low-code, this study aims instead at better understanding the essence of no-code. To do so, we propose, a rigorous selection of 9 data centric no-code tools. Then, we study through the lens of data-modeling (e.g., UML/Class + OCL), how features proposed by those tools compare to their opposite, i.e. coding approaches. Thus, exhibiting an empirical way to define no-code through comparison with coding approaches.
Most computer applications arc designed and developed by researchers and designers in North America. These researchers and designers unintentionally apply their cultural values and systems of thought while designing a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769524435
Most computer applications arc designed and developed by researchers and designers in North America. These researchers and designers unintentionally apply their cultural values and systems of thought while designing and developing computer applications. Even though some development organizations, such as Microsoft, now take cultural issues into account, most of the cultural issues considered involve language translation and visual aspects of the interface rather than the underlying structure of the application. As a result, users who are culturally different from the researchers and designers might have difficulty using the computer applications. In this work, I define the term "enduser" as a computer application user who uses not only the features provided with the software, but also engages in end-user programming in order to complete a task. An example of end-user programming is creating formulas in a spreadsheet program. An empirical study of culturally diverse endusers from different countries, who perform end-user programming tasks, is proposed. The findings of this study will help verify whether cultural effects exist in the design of software features that inhibit effective end-user programming.
The arrival of the digital home, signals a new era for both manufacturers and consumers. It raises the possibility that people may be able to create their own unique digital home functionalities, by combining elementa...
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The arrival of the digital home, signals a new era for both manufacturers and consumers. It raises the possibility that people may be able to create their own unique digital home functionalities, by combining elemental network services to create sophisticated "virtual appliances" that satisfy their individual needs and desires. We present taxonomy of approaches for customising digital homes and use this to introduce a novel computational methodology, that we term 'pervasive interactive programming' (PiP), that allows non-technical end-users to build their own "virtual appliances"for customising their 'electronic environments' without the need to write program code. We show this approach is novel in that it firstly allows the user to translate mental concepts into functions (which differs to agent based approaches using historical behaviour data to form functions) and secondly it moves "programming-by-example" from single processor computers into real-time distributed embedded computing environments. Finally we report on a small evaluation which showed it was possible for non-programmers to use these tools to customise the electronic functionality of their digital homes.
Knowledge and information workers work as individuals within virtual team structures. Those teams may be small, or they may in fact form part of larger groups which continue to share similar objectives. Knowledge work...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617389528
Knowledge and information workers work as individuals within virtual team structures. Those teams may be small, or they may in fact form part of larger groups which continue to share similar objectives. Knowledge workers therefore acquire and manage personal and group information which they may choose to manage themselves using Personal and small-Group Information Management tools and techniques (PIM, GIM). This paper summarises some earlier research into PIM and GIM before addressing its objectives, which are to: center dot Consider the use of PIM / GIM techniques as the basis for collaboration within those virtual teams center dot Discuss collaboration and community involvement in the actual development of PIM/GIM tools center dot Identify the need for formalisms and abstraction skills in effective personal information management.
Tinkering has been found to be beneficial to learning, yet women report being disinclined to tinker with software even though their tinkering can be more effective than men's. This paper reports on a real-world st...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538642351
Tinkering has been found to be beneficial to learning, yet women report being disinclined to tinker with software even though their tinkering can be more effective than men's. This paper reports on a real-world study of how female end-user programmers tinker with new and existing code and what makes their tinkering successful. Findings show that tinkering falls into two main categories: testing an educated guess (more successful) or haphazard trial and error (less successful). In addition, learners occasionally do not tinker to test a successful solution but rather wait to ask another for confirmation of their educated guess before proceeding. Conclusions from this work show that tinkering leads to success when participants are thinking critically about what the code is doing and have hypothesized expected results from code changes. These findings suggest that designers of end-user programmer instructional materials would assist learners by giving explicit tools and techniques that foster successful tinkering.
The end-user Development (EUD) consists of a research area that has been under study for some time and covers a wide variety of domains and types of endusers. However, there is still a lack of studies that analyze ho...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783030226459;9783030226466
The end-user Development (EUD) consists of a research area that has been under study for some time and covers a wide variety of domains and types of endusers. However, there is still a lack of studies that analyze how EUD research has been reflected in practice. Therefore, this paper contributes to enable an understanding of the current scenario of EUD solutions, revealing trends that are emerging and gaps to be addressed. For this, a systematic literature review was carried out, aiming to characterize the solutions that have been developed using the EUD approach. The results show that most of EUD solutions are for web platform and focus on customizing existing applications, using visual programming techniques as interaction style. However, issues related to quality of use found in some results indicate that more research approaching IHC models, methods and techniques in design and evaluation of EUD tools is needed.
Spreadsheets allow endusers to blend calculations with arbitrary layout and formatting. However, when it comes to reusing groups of formulae along with layout and formatting, spreadsheets provide only limited support...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450368193
Spreadsheets allow endusers to blend calculations with arbitrary layout and formatting. However, when it comes to reusing groups of formulae along with layout and formatting, spreadsheets provide only limited support. Most users rely on copy and paste, which is easy to learn and use, but maintaining several copies can be tedious and error-prone. We present the concept of Gridlets, an abstraction over calculation and presentation applicable in common use case scenarios. Using the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework, we compare Gridlets to copy/paste and sheet-defined functions. We find that Gridlets are consistent with the spreadsheet paradigm, enable users to take advantage of secondary notation, and make common edit operations less viscous and less error-prone.
A perennial problem with online repositories of end-user programmers' code is the low level of reuse, including in situations where existing code might aid in learning. This paper presents a formative study of mid...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467374576
A perennial problem with online repositories of end-user programmers' code is the low level of reuse, including in situations where existing code might aid in learning. This paper presents a formative study of middle-schoolers learning the Scratch animation environment, which revealed that they struggled to find short pieces of code that they could reuse directly, or from which they could discover language primitives (language instructions) to implement desired behavior. In response, we present a model and supporting prototype tool for clustering behaviorally similar code together, as a basis for helping end-user programmers to locate code. We conducted an empirical study confirming that our tool's model for estimating code similarity does correspond well with programmers' perceptions of code's behavioral similarity. Future work will expand on these results by providing new search engines that help end-user programmers to find and reuse visual code from online repositories.
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