Although gender differences in a technological world are receiving significant research attention, much of the research and practice has aimed at how society and education can impact the successes and retention of fem...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781581139983
Although gender differences in a technological world are receiving significant research attention, much of the research and practice has aimed at how society and education can impact the successes and retention of female computer science professionals-but the possibility of gender issues within software has received almost no attention. If gender issues exist with some types of software features, it is possible that accommodating them by changing these features can increase effectiveness, but only if we know what these issues are. In this paper, we empirically investigate gender differences for endusers in the context of debugging spreadsheets. Our results uncover significant gender differences in self-efficacy and feature acceptance, with females exhibiting lower self-efficacy and lower feature acceptance. The results also show that these differences can significantly reduce females' effectiveness.
To enable end-user composing services directly, this paper proposed a service composition approach based on Petri net models: WF_logic, WF_semantics, WM_logic, and WM_semantics (named PWF_nets jointly). This approach ...
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To enable end-user composing services directly, this paper proposed a service composition approach based on Petri net models: WF_logic, WF_semantics, WM_logic, and WM_semantics (named PWF_nets jointly). This approach can guide the end-users to stepwise model the logic, semantics and management of the process of services composition in different abstraction level. At each step, the end-user only need to concentrate on one aspect of services composition and an appropriate Petri net model will support his or her work. With this approach, not only a rational application can be built by the end-user more easily, but also the models created at each step can be formally verified.
end-user programming has become the most common form of pro- gramming in usetoday, but there has been little investigation into the dependability of the programs enduserscreate. This is problematic because the depend...
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end-user programming has become the most common form of pro- gramming in usetoday, but there has been little investigation into the dependability of the programs enduserscreate. This is problematic because the dependability of these programs can be very important; insome cases, errors in end-user programs, such as formula errors in spreadsheets, have cost millionsof dollars. (For example, see ***/content/67/*** ***/ssr/Mypapers/***.) We have been investigating ways to address thisproblem by developing a software engineering paradigm viable for end-user programming, an approachwe call end-user software engineering.
The forthcoming home environment will comprise numerous computationally enhanced artifacts that are autonomous, but interconnected via an invisible web of network-based services. The approach presented in this paper i...
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The forthcoming home environment will comprise numerous computationally enhanced artifacts that are autonomous, but interconnected via an invisible web of network-based services. The approach presented in this paper is to enable endusers to make their own applications by linking such artifacts, which are treated as reusable "components.'' A key requirement to achieve this is the availability of editing tools that meet the needs of different classes of users. A tool of this kind designed for endusers is presented in this paper, together with the outcome of user evaluation sessions.
enduserprogramming (EUP) environments are difficult to evaluate empirically. Most users do not engage in programming, and those who do are often discouraged by the complexity of programming tasks. Often the difficul...
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enduserprogramming (EUP) environments are difficult to evaluate empirically. Most users do not engage in programming, and those who do are often discouraged by the complexity of programming tasks. Often the difficulties arise from the programming languages in which users are expected to express themselves. But there are other difficulties associated with designing extensions and adjustments to artifacts that have been originally designed by others. This paper characterizes EUP as a semiotic design process, and presents two principles that can be used to illustrate the distinctions between the various kinds of techniques and approaches proposed in this field. The principles support a preliminary theoretical model of EUP and should thus facilitate the definition and interpretation of empirical evaluation studies. They also define some specific semiotic qualifications that more usable and applicable EUP languages could be expected to have. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
We report an empirical study of nonprogrammers' mental models regarding particular concerns in web application development such as input validation, database lookup, and overview-detail relationships. The goal of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780386965
We report an empirical study of nonprogrammers' mental models regarding particular concerns in web application development such as input validation, database lookup, and overview-detail relationships. The goal of the study was to understand how nonprogrammers think about the data and logic underlying a web application. In continuing work, we are using this understanding as a basis for the design of tools and development resources that are intuitive and easy to use. The current paper describes the empirical work that was done and discusses its implications for the design of end-user web development tools that could be used to develop web applications of intermediate complexity.
Over the past seven years, we have been conducting a variety of participatory design activities with research biologists, programmers, and bioinformaticians at the Institut Pasteur in Paris. We first describe the hist...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781581138511
Over the past seven years, we have been conducting a variety of participatory design activities with research biologists, programmers, and bioinformaticians at the Institut Pasteur in Paris. We first describe the history of these activities and how they have created the beginnings of a participatory design culture. We introduce participatory programming, which integrates participatory design and end-user programming, and examine how it acts as a medium for forging scientific ideas. Finally, we reflect on three poles of activity: the computational medium, scientific hypotheses and participatory design.
The executable constraint is proposed to offer designers a way to define a new set of constraints on top of an editing tool. It aims mainly to maintain the integrity of data structures such as diagrams that users crea...
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The executable constraint is proposed to offer designers a way to define a new set of constraints on top of an editing tool. It aims mainly to maintain the integrity of data structures such as diagrams that users create, during an edit session. When a part of the structure is modified by a user, the computer modifies other parts as a consequence of the user's instructions given in advance. Executable constraints are sequences of editing operations whose fixed points give relations to be maintained. They are constructed from primitive editing operations by demonstration to avoid textual form of expression, so that non-programmers can define new relations. Priority and condition are introduced to cope with over-constrained or conditional situations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Can endusers someday enter their requirements directly into program generation tools? This paper surveys literature that sheds some light upon this question, highlighting devices from HCI research that can be used to...
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Can endusers someday enter their requirements directly into program generation tools? This paper surveys literature that sheds some light upon this question, highlighting devices from HCI research that can be used to help in accomplishing this goal. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Spreadsheets are an extremely common form of end-user programming that have many applications, from calculating student marks to accounting for global multinationals. Ways of studying the structure of a spreadsheet it...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1920682031
Spreadsheets are an extremely common form of end-user programming that have many applications, from calculating student marks to accounting for global multinationals. Ways of studying the structure of a spreadsheet itself are normally constrained to the tools provided in the spreadsheet software. This paper explores new ways to visualise spreadsheets in a manner that is independent of the program they were created in, explains the technology involved, and presents examples of the visualisations that can be produced. The techniques involved in reading the spreadsheets also facilitate larger scale analysis of spreadsheets for performing corpus analysis.
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