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Compression of words over a partially commutative alphabet

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2004年第7期50卷 1425-1441页

作者： Savari, SA Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Concurrency is a fundamental concept in computer science which is concerned with the study of systems involving multiple processes. The order of events in a concurrent system is unpredictable because of the independence of events occurring in the individual processes. Trace theory is a successful model for the execution of concurrent processes which employs congruence classes of words over partially commutative alphabets. These congruence or interchange classes generalize the more familiar notions of strings and type classes. Motivated by recent work in the areas of program profiling and compression of executable code, we consider a rate distortion problem in which the objective is to reproduce a string which is equivalent to the original string. This leads to a generalization of Kolmogorov complexity and a new graph entropy called the interchange entropy. We provide some of the basic properties of the interchange entropy. We also consider some universal compression schemes for this problem and show that for a large collection of dependence alphabets we can asymptotically attain the interchange entropy.

关键词： concurrent processes data compression executable code graph entropy renewal theory semantics trace theory

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MICROTOOL - AN ENVIRONMENT FOR PROGRAMMING MICROPROCESSORS

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IEEE SOFTWARE 1991年第1期8卷 42-48页

作者： ELSHOFF, JL MARCOTTY, M GM CORP RES LABSDEPT COMP SCIWARRENMI 48090

A description is given of MicroTool, a programming environment that reports programming errors immediately, blocking their entry into the database from which both executable code and documentation are derived. MicroTool's primary objective is to maintain a consistent database, meaning that the program is correct as far as MicroTool can tell. Aspects of MicroTool that are discussed include feedback to programmers; smart editing windows; address space layout; the program model; data definition; algorithm definition; combining edit, compile, and link; time and space measurement; and programming style.

关键词： editing executable code Feedback programming environments address space Programming entry Microtools Extraterrestrial measurements Computer personnel compilers Database

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A flexible security system for using Internet content

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IEEE SOFTWARE 1997年第5期14卷 52-&页

作者： Islam, N Anand, R Jaeger, T Rao, JR Laboratory of Chromatography DEPg.Fac.Quimica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Circuito interior Cd Universitaria/CP 04510 Mexico D.F.Mexico

The Web has made it easy for users to download content directly, which not only decreases the software stored on users' machines but lets content providers customize applications by combining different vendors' content. However, this ease and flexibility has a price in terms of security. Content that appears reputable might be malicious;if it is downloaded and given system access it can damage or destroy data on the user's machine as well as the host network. Thus, access to system resources must be controlled. The authors have developed FlexxGuard, a flexible content interpreter that dynamically derives protection domains and uses those domains to authorize content operations.

关键词： computer software Downloading Internets domains executable code FLEXIBLE content providers Accidents,emergencies and safety machine Internet content

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Fuzzy logic applied to motor control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 1996年第1期32卷 51-56页

作者： Guillemin, P SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics Rousset France

Today, home appliance applications require more and more features such as motor speed adaptations to multipurpose accessories, user friendly interfaces, and security features. Such new requirements can be achieved through a low-end microcontroller-based electronic control using the fuzzy logic approach. Nowadays, most of fuzzy logic-based controls are only limited to a complicated ranking management of user interfaces, sensors, and actuators, corresponding to a slow software speed operation. This paper proposes a totally different use of fuzzy logic. In this case, fuzzy logic is implemented in a standard microcontroller to regulate the speed of a universal motor by a real time adjustment (every 30 millisecond) of the motor current. This microcontroller directly tunes the motor current by means of a chopper converter. Starting from a basic food-processor application, the paper practically shows how a fuzzy logic approach can be applied to build a closed speed regulation loop from a very low cost tacho-generator. Practical guidelines are successively given from the initial concept analysis phase, up to the final generation of the executable code to be loaded in the microcontroller. The paper also gives the practical procedure to define the input parameters and to build fuzzy logic rules when using the fuzzy logic development tool. Finally, the major benefits of this paper lie in an original approach where fuzzy logic is applied to fast ''real-time'' regulation loop without requiring any specific expertise in conventional methods of regulation. Benefits are discussed and concrete results are given.

关键词： Fuzzy logic control of movement input parameter motor current executable code Microcontrollers

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On the integration of floating-point, interval, rational and symbolic computation

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ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK 1996年第s1期76卷 41-44页

作者： Cuyt, A Verdonk, B UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP DEPT MATH & COMP SCI UNIV PLEIN 1 B-2610 WILRIJK BELGIUM

In choosing an appropriate computer representation for real numbers to perform scientific computations, two main aspects are usually taken, into account: the speed of the computation and the reliability of the output. As is well-known, increasing one usually goes at the expense of the other and there is a trade-off to be made. Recently several commercially available products have tried to combine the best of several worlds as far as scientific computing is concerned. We refer for instance to communication tools between technical computing environments such as Matlab, symbolic computing environments such as Mathematica and Maple and the traditional programming languages Fortran and C. Two very common remarks about this type of integration are the following. First of all, one cannot freely combine packages and sources of one's own choice. Second but not least, speed is a serious drawback because no executable code of a mixed floating-point and exact program can be generated. Therefore we have initiated the development of the following two tools. NumSciLab allows for an easy integration of code (C, Fortran, Pascal, Ada, Mathematica, ...) into a customizable library and concentrates on the data integration of different arithmetic representations for numeric and symbolic entities. FlPtSim was originally designed as a didactical environment offering simulation of floating-point code in different precisions, but now comes with added features such as multiple precision, interval, rational and rational interval arithmetic, all available directly in C++. We assume throughout that the reader is familiar with the notions of floating-point, rational, interval and multiple precision arithmetic. In a first section we briefly discuss an example that motivates the need for having different machine representations of numbers at hand. The second and third section respectively summarize the new developments mentioned above.

关键词： Computer Programming Languages multiple precision FLOATING POINTS computer representation mathematics computing Scientific computing executable code Real number data integration Communication tools Rational number

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A secure method for transferring active packet using digital signature schemes 10

A secure method for transferring active packet using digital...

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10th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT 2003)

作者： Kim, Y Na, J Sohn, S ETRI Network Secur Dept Informat Secur Technol Div Yuseong Gu Taejon 305350 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0780376617

Active networks represent a new approach to network architecture. Active networks provide a much more flexible network infrastructure than traditional networks do. Flexibility is a powerful merit of active networks, but it can raise considerable security problems. Current active network researches have applied diverse techniques to solve them. Cryptographic technique is one way of protecting active networks. However it should not be applied conventionally, since active network paradigm is different from traditional one. It means that, at active network environments, active packets contain programmable codes should perform computations on intermediate-nodes as well as end-nodes. That is, since the packet sending-node does not know intermediate receiving-node, it cannot apply traditional cryptographic techniques can process each other only between end-nodes. This paper proposes a secure method for transferring active packets and performing computations using a transformed digital signature schemes with message recovery, at active network environment that intermediate packet receiving-nodes are not fixed. The proposed scheme uses transformed public key digital signature scheme that signing/verifying key pairs have almost same bit length and the verification-key storing server plays the role of key management server.

关键词： active networks active packets active nodes executable code digital signature schemes

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Towards Refinement Types for Time-Dependent Data-Flow Networks 15

Towards Refinement Types for Time-Dependent Data-Flow Networ...

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2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for codesign (MEMOcode)

作者： Talpin, Jean-Pierre Jouvelot, Pierre Shukla, Sandeep Kumar INRIA Rennes Rennes France PSL Res Univ MINES ParisTech Paris France IIT Kanpur Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509002375

The concept of liquid clocks introduced in this paper is a significant step towards a more precise compile-time framework for the analysis of synchronous and polychromous languages. Compiling languages such as Lustre or Signal indeed involves a number of static analyses of programs before they can be synthesized into executable code, e.g., synchronicity class characterization, clock assignment, static scheduling or causality analysis. These analyses are often equivalent to undecidable problems, necessitating abstracting such programs to provide sound yet incomplete analyses. Such abstractions unfortunately often lead to the rejection of programs that could very well be synthesized into deterministic code, provided abstraction refinement steps could be applied for more accurate analysis. To reduce the number of false negatives occurring during the compilation process, we leverage recent advances in type theory - with the definition of decidable classes of value-dependent type systems - and formal verification, linked to the development of efficient SAT/SMT solvers, to provide a type-theoretic approach that considers all the above analyses as type inference problems. To simplify the exposition of our new approach in this paper, we define a refinement type system for a minimalistic, synchronous, stream-processing language to concisely represent, analyze, and verify logical and quantitative properties of programs expressed as stream-processing data-flow networks. Our type system provides a new framework for representing logical time (clocks) and scheduling properties, and to describe their relations with stream values and, possibly, other quantas. We show how to analyze synchronous stream processing programs (a la Lustre, Signal) to enable previously described analyses involved in compiling such programs. We also prove the soundness of our type system and elaborate on the adaptability of this core framework by outlining its extensibility to specific models of computatio

关键词： Timing devices Luster Language executable code Refining logical type theory Formal verification False Negative extensibility Soundness

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Android App Protection via Interpretation Obfuscation 12

Android App Protection via Interpretation Obfuscation

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IEEE 12th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC)

作者： Shu, Junliang Li, Juanru Zhang, Yuanyuan Gu, Dawu Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Lab Cryptol & Comp Secur Shanghai 200030 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479950799

To protect Android app from malicious reproduction or tampering, code obfuscation techniques are introduced to increase the difficulty of reverse engineering and program understanding. Current obfuscation schemes focus more on the protection of the meta information over the executable code which contains valuable or patented algorithms. Therefore, a more sophisticated obfuscator is needed to improve the protection on the executable code. In this paper we propose SMOG, a comprehensive executable code obfuscation system to protect Android app. SMOG is composed of two parts, an obfuscation engine and an execution environment. The obfuscation engine is at software vendor's side to conduct the obfuscation on the app's executable code, and then release the obfuscated app to the end-user along with an execution token. The execution environment is setup by integrating the received execution token, which endows the Android Dalvik VM the capability to execute the obfuscated app. SMOG is an easily deployed system which proves fine-grained level protection. The obfuscated app generated by SMOG could resist static and dynamic reverse engineering. Moreover, the benchmark result shows SMOG only costs about 5% more performance in dispatching the incoming bytecode to the proper interpreter.

关键词： Conferences Android App Execution Token Interpretation Obfuscation Reverse Engineering Static Disassembly Reverse engineering executable code Smog metainformation Androids Methyltestosterone Legal Executions End users

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System Design for Enhanced Forward-Engineering Possibilities of Safety Critical Embedded Systems 17

System Design for Enhanced Forward-Engineering Possibilities...

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IEEE 17th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)

作者： Krammer, Martin Karner, Michael Fuchs, Anton Virtual Vehicle Res Ctr Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479945580

Due to the high overall complexity of embedded systems in the automotive domain, the concept and system design phases have shown to be important, as they lay the foundations for implementations. Therefore, front-loading principles are advantageous. In this work, we present a methodology for semi-formal notation based system design. In the end, we demonstrate a transformation scheme for the conversion from system models to executable code, featuring full traceability and support for hardware and software paradigms. An automotive use case demonstrates the capabilities of the outlined approach.

关键词： Embedded systems System design safety-critical software Safety critical automotive engineering Computer hardware executable code

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Application of two executable computer codes for confidence intervals, decision levels and detection limits when the sample is counted an integer times equal to or greater than the blank

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JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY 2013年第1期296卷 31-35页

作者： Potter, W. E. Strzelczyk, J. Univ Colorado Hosp Aurora CO 80045 USA

Poisson statistics are utilized throughout. The ratio of the sample count time to the blank count time is taken to be an integer. The expected blank count in the sample count time is assumed either known or well known. Confidence intervals are determined by mimicking a standard approach in discrete probability. A C++ computer code computes confidence intervals and detection limits for the expected net count. A separate code computes decision levels. executable versions of both codes have been developed which are expected to run on most Windows based computers.

关键词： Confidence interval Confidence level Computer code executable code Approximate confidence interval

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