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检索条件"主题词=Expectation-maximisation algorithm"

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Dual-Particle Imager for Standoff Detection of Special Nuclear Material

Dual-Particle Imager for Standoff Detection of Special Nucle...

引用

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Polack, J. Kyle Poitrasson-Riviere, Alexis Hamel, Michael C. Ide, Kiyotaka McMillan, Kyle L. Clarke, Shaun D. Flaska, Marek Pozzi, Sara A. Univ Michigan Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Detect Nucl Nonproliferat Grp Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

An advanced dual-particle imaging system is being developed for standoff, passive detection of special nuclear material. This system consists of three detector planes and will be capable of imaging both photons and fast neutrons. The ability of the system to detect fast neutrons makes it more difficult to effectively shield a threat source. This feature has an advantage over the commonly used Compton-camera systems, which are only sensitive to photons. Additionally, the detection of fast neutrons will allow for increased performance in regions with high levels of photon background radiation. The first two planes of the system consist of EJ-309 liquid scintillators and the third plane consists of NaI scintillators. This detector/plane combination allows image reconstruction using both neutrons and photons. In the liquid scintillators, neutron interactions are distinguished from photon interactions using an optimized pulse shape discrimination technique. The Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX-PoliMi has been used for the initial studies of this system due to its ability to track detailed information on interactions of interest and time-correlated particle production. This information has been used to optimize system parameters and has also allowed for investigation of image reconstruction techniques including simple backprojection and maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM). A small-scale prototype is being developed for testing and validation of the simulations. This paper will analyze preliminary measurements and will also discuss simulations of several shielded source scenarios.

关键词： EJ-309 liquid scintillators Energy measurement ISO standards Image reconstruction Lead MCNPX-PoliMi code MLEM Monte Carlo methods Monte Carlo transport code NaI scintillators Polyethylene backprojection detector planes detector-plane combination dual particle imaging system expectation-maximisation algorithm fast neutron imaging gamma-ray detection image reconstruction techniques liquid scintillation detectors maximum likelihood expectation maximization neutron detection neutron interactions nuclear materials safeguards photon background radiation photon imaging pulse shape discrimination technique radioactivity measurement solid scintillation detectors special nuclear material standoff detection standoff passive detection time correlated particle production

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FORWARD/BACKWARD STATE AND MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR CONTINUUM-STATE HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS (CHMM) WITH DIRICHLET STATE DISTRIBUTIONS

FORWARD/BACKWARD STATE AND MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR CO...

引用

47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers

作者： Moon, Todd K. Gunther, Jacob H. Utah State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Logan UT 84322 USA Utah State Univ Informat Dynam Lab Logan UT 84322 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923908

In this paper, the foundations of the theory of the continuums-tate HMM (cHMM) are extended to include a forward/backward algorithm producing probability densities analogous to those in conventional HMMs, and algorithms for estimating the parameters of the state transition density and the constituent output densities. The alpha and beta densities are approximated as Dirichlet distributions, providing for nearly closed form, "closed" operations. The EM algorithm is extended to apply to the parameter estimation problem. Major results are presented, with details and proofs omitted due to space.

关键词： Hidden Markov models expectation-maximisation algorithm Proof algorithms Parameter estimation State Change

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A Novel Equivalent Circuit for On Chip Transmission Lines Modeling

A Novel Equivalent Circuit for On Chip Transmission Lines Mo...

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32nd Annual Custom Integrated Circuits Conference CICC

作者： Zeng, Dajie Wang, Hongrui Yang, Dongxu Zhang, Li Wang, Yan Yu, Zhiping Zhang, Yaohui Chinese Acad Sci Inst Sinano Suzhou Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Inst Microelect Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424457601

Microstrip transmission line (MS), coplanar waveguide transmission line (CPW), grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line (GCPW), slow-wave transmission line with slotted grounded shields (GSCPW), slow-wave transmission line with slotted floating shields (FSCPW) are widely used in the silicon technology. Because the quasi-TEM assumption is still valid in these structures, an equivalent circuit is proposed to model all these structures. In this work, we notice that for some types of transmission lines, say GCPW and GSCPW, the per unit length capacitance increases with frequency. An LC series subcircuit is proposed to model this phenomenon. For CPW, GCPW, GSCPW and FSCPW, the model has very good accuracy and fits the measurement results very well up to the highest measurement frequency (40GHz). For MS, the results from the 3D EM simulation software are adopted and the model shows a great agreement with the simulation results up to the highest simulation frequency (100GHz).

关键词： 3D EM simulation software FSCPW model GSCPW model LC series subcircuit coplanar transmission lines coplanar waveguide components equivalent circuit equivalent circuits expectation-maximisation algorithm frequency 40 GHz grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line integrated circuit modelling microstrip lines microstrip transmission line on chip transmission lines modeling quasiTEM assumption silicon technology slot lines slotted floating shield slotted grounded shield slow wave structures slow-wave transmission line

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Compressed sensing with sparse, structured matrices

Compressed sensing with sparse, structured matrices

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50th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)

作者： Angelini, Maria Chiara Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico Kabashima, Yoshiyuki Univ Roma La Sapienza Dip Fis Ple Aldo Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Comp Intelligence & Syst Sci Yokohama Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467345392;9781467345378

In the context of the compressed sensing problem, we propose a new ensemble of sparse random matrices which allow one (i) to acquire and compress a rho(0)-sparse signal of length N in a time linear in N and (ii) to perfectly recover the original signal, compressed at a rate alpha, by using a message passing algorithm (expectation Maximization Belief Propagation) that runs in a time linear in N. In the large N limit, the scheme proposed here closely approaches the theoretical bound rho(0) = alpha, and so it is both optimal and efficient (linear time complexity). More generally, we show that several ensembles of dense random matrices can be converted into ensembles of sparse random matrices, having the same thresholds, but much lower computational complexity.

关键词： computational complexity expectation-maximisation algorithm signal reconstruction sparse matrices

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Localization of Wireless Sensor Nodes with erroneous anchors via EM algorithm

Localization of Wireless Sensor Nodes with erroneous anchors...

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IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010)

作者： Leng, Mei Wu, Yik-Chung Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456383

Finding locations of the sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network has been an active research area in recent years. One important category of approaches uses distance measurements between anchors and sensors to localize the unknown node. However, most approaches assume that the anchor positions are perfectly known, while in practice the anchor positions may not be accurate due to estimation errors as well as observation errors. In this paper, we study the localization of wireless sensor node with erroneous anchors, and propose an EM estimator which iteratively refines the anchor positions and estimates the sensor location. Simulation results shows that the EM estimator converges in a few iterations and outperforms the existing robust least squares algorithm.

关键词： EM algorithm EM estimator anchor positions distance measurement distance measurements erroneous anchors estimation errors estimation theory expectation-maximisation algorithm iterations least squares algorithm least squares approximations observation erro

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Condition prognosis of mechanical drives based on nonlinear dynamical models

Condition prognosis of mechanical drives based on nonlinear ...

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Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol)

作者： Gasperin, Matej Juricic, Dani Boskoski, Pavle Jozef Stefan Inst Dept Syst & Control Jamova 39 Ljubljana Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424481545

Forecasting the condition of the equipment is becoming an important ingredient of the advanced maintenance and asset management systems. In this paper a probabilistic approach to the prognosis of damage progression in gearboxes is presented. It is based on a stochastic nonlinear grey-box model of the underlying wear phenomena. Model parameters are estimated from the available vibration records by using an iterative Maximum Likelihood procedure. The procedure relies on the expectation-Maximization algorithm and the Unscented Kalman filter for estimation of hidden system states. The algorithm has been used to predict the normal operating horizon of a single-stage gearbox system. Several test runs of the system have been preformed to validate the algorithm.

关键词： asset management systems condition monitoring condition monitoring condition prognosis damage progression drives expectation-maximisation algorithm expectation-maximization algorithm gearboxes gears maximum likelihood estimation maximum likelihood procedure mechanical drives nonlinear dynamical models stochastic nonlinear model unscented Kalman filter vibration vibrations wear wear

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Probabilistic Temporal Bilinear Model for Temporal Dynamic Recommender Systems

Probabilistic Temporal Bilinear Model for Temporal Dynamic R...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Luo, Cheng Cai, Xiongcai Chowdhury, Nipa Univ New S Wales Sch Comp Sci & Engn Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479919598

User preferences for products are constantly drifting over time as product perception and popularity are changing when new fashions or products emerge. Therefore, the ability to model the tendency of both user preferences and product attractiveness is vital to the design of recommender systems (RSs). However, conventional methods in RSs are incapable of modeling such a tendency accordingly, leading to unsatisfactory recommendation performance in many real-world deployments. In this paper, we develop a novel probabilistic temporal bilinear model for RSs, exploiting both temporal properties and dynamic information in user preferences and item attractiveness derived from the users' feedback over items, to simultaneously track latent factors that represent user preferences and item attractiveness. A learning and inference algorithm combining a sequential Monte Carlo method and the EM algorithm for this model is also developed to tackle the top-k recommendation problem over time. The proposed model is evaluated on three benchmark datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model significantly outperforms a variety of existing methods for top-k recommendation.

关键词： User preferences Recommender systems Monte Carlo technique expectation-maximisation algorithm bilinearity Inference algorithms time characteristic

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Implementation of LS, MMSE and SAGE Channel Estimators for Mobile MIMO-OFDM

Implementation of LS, MMSE and SAGE Channel Estimators for M...

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46th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers

作者： Ketonen, Johanna Juntti, Markku Ylioinas, Jari Cavallaro, Joseph R. Univ Oulu Ctr Wireless Commun SF-90100 Oulu Finland Nokia Siemens Networks Oulu Finland Rice Univ Houston TX 77251 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467350518

The use of decision directed (DD) channel estimation in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink receiver is studied in this paper. The 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) based pilot structure is used as a benchmark. The space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm is used to improve the performance from that of the pilot symbol based least-squares (LS) channel estimator. The DD channel estimation improves the performance with high user velocities, where the pilot symbol density is not sufficient. It can also be used to reduce the pilot overhead without any performance degradation. Minimum mean square error (MMSE) filtering can also be used in estimating the channel in between pilot symbols. The pilot based LS, MMSE and the SAGE channel estimators are implemented and the performance-complexity trade-offs are studied.

关键词： 3G mobile communication Long Term Evolution MIMO communication OFDM modulation channel estimation computational complexity expectation-maximisation algorithm least mean squares methods radio links radio receivers wireless channels

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Iterative Joint Detection, Decoding, and Synchronization with a Focus on Frame Timing

Iterative Joint Detection, Decoding, and Synchronization wit...

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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

作者： Jakubisin, Daniel Phelps, Christopher Ian Buehrer, R. Michael Virginia Tech Wireless VT Mobile & Portable Radio Res Grp Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479930838

The concept of an iterative receiver has gained attention as a means of performing reliable synchronization, especially at the low signal-to-noise ratios enabled by error correction codes. In this paper, we consider joint detection of the information bits and estimation of the channel gain, carrier phase, symbol timing, frame timing, and noise power. Our particular focus is on the frame timing where we evaluate the complexity of the iterative receiver by characterizing the frame offset distribution. A method for dynamically choosing the set of frame offsets processed by the iterative receiver is presented. The receiver utilizes the expectation-maximization algorithm to perform estimation and the sum-product algorithm to perform soft demodulation and decoding. Numerical results are presented to characterize the frame offset distribution and to demonstrate the receiver's performance.

关键词： demodulation error correction codes expectation-maximisation algorithm iterative decoding synchronisation wireless channels carrier phase channel gain estimation expectation-maximization algorithm frame offset distribution frame timing information bits iterative joint detection iterative receiver noise power signal-to-noise ratios soft decoding soft demodulation sum-product algorithm symbol timing synchronization Electronic countermeasures Estimation Iterative decoding Receivers Synchronization Testing

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EM-based ML Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems with Phase Distortion Using RB-EKF

EM-based ML Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems with Phase Di...

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International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)

作者： Carvajal, Rodrigo Godoy, Boris I. Aguero, Juan C. Yuz, Juan I. Creixell, Werner Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria Elect Engn Dept Valparaiso Chile Univ New South Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW Australia Univ Newcastle Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Callaghan NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789860334074

In this paper we address the joint estimation of the channel impulse response in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems with phase distortion, namely phase noise and carrier frequency offset, phase noise bandwidth and the additive noise variance. The estimation algorithm is based on an implementation of the Extended Kalman Filter within the general framework of the expectation-Maximization algorithm. We focus on the partial training case, where the transmitted signal is not fully known. To tackle this problem, we utilize a Rao-Blackwellized Extended Kalman Filter. We also compare our results with another nonlinear filtering technique, namely Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filtering, applied to this joint estimation problem. The performance of the two filtering techniques considered in this paper is evaluated in terms of the mean square error of the channel estimates and the numerical complexity introduced by each of these techniques.

关键词： Kalman filters OFDM modulation channel estimation computational complexity expectation-maximisation algorithm mean square error methods optimisation particle filtering (numerical methods) phase noise transient response EM-based ML channel estimation OFDM systems RB-EKF method Rao-Blackwellized extended Kalman filter carrier frequency offset channel impulse response expectation-maximization algorithm maximum likelihood estimation mean square error nonlinear filtering technique orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems phase distortion phase noise bandwidth Channel estimation Complexity theory Estimation OFDM Training Vectors Mean square error Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing expectation-maximisation algorithm Phase distortion channel impulse response channel estimation Kalman filters Phase noise carrier frequency offset Complexity theory maximum likelihood estimation TRANSIENT RESPONSE complexity classes Functional training

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