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2nd ACM SIGSOFT International Workshop on software-Intensive Business - Start-ups, Platforms, and Ecosystems (IWSiB)

作者： Melegati, Jorge Wang, Xiaofeng Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Bolzano Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450368544

Recent studies have proposed the use of experiments to guide software development in order to build features that users really want. In this context, product assumptions should be taken as hypotheses to be tested through experiments. User stories (US) are broadly used in the agile context but current guidelines to write them, like INVEST (Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small and Testable), are not suitable in a experiment-driven context. In this paper, we present the first cycle of a design science research to tackle this problem. We proposed QUESt, a quality guideline recommending US to have a Questioning sense, be Updatable, Evaluable and Straightforward, and a new template to write user stories. To evaluate these new artifacts, we performed a think-aloud evaluation with software development practitioners. Although the results do not confirm the artifacts effectiveness, they indicate that they have value and should be tested within a comprehensive framework complemented by other practices.

关键词： user stories experimentation experiment-driven software development requirements engineering design science research

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Hypotheses Engineering: first essential steps of experiment-driven software development 4

Hypotheses Engineering: first essential steps of experiment-...

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IEEE/ACM Joint 4th International Workshop on Rapid Continuous software Engineering / 1st International Workshop on Data-driven Decisions, experimentation and Evolution (RCoSE-DDrEE)

作者： Melegati, Jorge Wang, Xiaofeng Abrahamsson, Pekka Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Fac Comp Sci Bolzano Italy Univ Jyvaskyla Fac Informat Technol Jyvaskyla Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781728122472

Recent studies have proposed the use of experiments to guide software development in order to build features that the user really wants. Some authors argue that this approach represents a new way to develop software that is different from the traditional requirement-driven one. In this position paper, we propose the discipline of Hypotheses Engineering in comparison to Requirements Engineering, highlighting the importance of proper handling hypotheses that guide experiments. We derive a set of practices within this discipline and present how the literature has tackled them up to now. Finally, we propose a set of research questions that could guide future work towards helping practitioners.

关键词： hypotheses assumptions experimentation experiment-driven software development hypotheses engineering requirements engineering

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Raising the odds of success: the current state of experimentation in product development

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2016年 77卷 80-91页

作者： Lindgren, Eveliina Muench, Juergen Univ Helsinki Dept Comp Sci POB 68 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland Reutlingen Univ Alteburgstr 150 D-72762 Reutlingen Germany

Context: An experiment-driven approach to software product and service development is gaining increasing attention as a way to channel limited resources to the efficient creation of customer value. In this approach, software capabilities are developed incrementally and validated in continuous experiments with stakeholders such as customers and users. The experiments provide factual feedback for guiding, subsequent development. Objective: This paper explores the state of the practice of experimentation in the software industry. It also identifies the key challenges and success factors that practitioners associate with the approach. Method: A qualitative survey based on semi-structured interviews and thematic coding analysis was conducted. Ten Finnish software development companies, represented by thirteen interviewees;participated in the study. Results: The study found that although the principles of continuous experimentation resonated with industry practitioners, the state of the practice is not yet mature. In particular, experimentation is rarely systematic and continuous. Key challenges relate to changing the organizational culture, accelerating the development cycle speed, and finding the right measures for customer value and product success. Success factors include a supportive organizational culture, deep customer and domain knowledge, and the availability of the relevant skills and tools to conduct experiments. Conclusions: It is concluded that the major issues in moving towards continuous experimentation are on an organizational level;most significant technical challenges have been solved. An evolutionary approach is proposed as a way to transition towards experiment-driven development. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Product management Hypothesis-driven software development experiment-driven software development Continuous experimentation Lean startup Lean UX

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XPro: A Model to Explain the Limited Adoption and Implementation of experimentation in software Startups

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 2022年第6期48卷 1929-1946页

作者： Melegati, Jorge Edison, Henry Wang, Xiaofeng Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Fac Comp Sci I-39100 Bolzano Italy NUI Galway JE Cairnes Sch Business & Econ Galway H91 TK33 Ireland

software startups develop innovative, software-intensive products or services. Such innovativeness translates into uncertainty regarding a matching need for a product from potential customers, representing a possible determinant reason for startup failure. Research has shown that experimentation, an approach based on the use of experiments to guide several aspects of software development, could improve these companies' success rate by fostering the evaluation of assumptions about customers' needs before developing a full-fledged product. Nevertheless, software startups are not using experimentation as expected. In this study, we investigated the reasons behind such a mismatch between theory and practice. To achieve it, we performed a qualitative survey study of 106 failed software startups. We built the experimentation Progression model (XPro), demonstrating that the effective adoption and implementation of experimentation is a staged process: first, teams should be aware of experimentation, then they need to develop an intention to experiment, perform the experiments, analyze the results, and finally act based on the obtained learning. Based on the XPro model, we further identified 25 inhibitors that prevent a team from progressing along the stages properly. Our findings inform researchers of how to develop practices and techniques to improve experimentation adoption in software startups. Practitioners could learn various factors that could lead to their startup failure so they could take action to avoid them.

关键词： software Business Technological innovation Companies Inhibitors Uncertainty Testing software startups experimentation experiment-driven software development startups

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Introducing continuous experimentation in large software-intensive product and service organisations

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2017年 133卷 195-211页

作者： Yaman, Sezin Gizem Munezero, Myriam Muench, Juergen Fagerholm, Fabian Syd, Ossi Aaltola, Mika Palmu, Christina Mannisto, Tomi Univ Helsinki Dept Comp Sci POB 68 Helsinki 00014 Finland Reutlingen Univ Danziger Str 6 D-71034 Boblingen Germany Solita Oy Alvar Aalto St 5 Helsinki 00100 Finland Oy LM Ericsson Ab Hirsalantie 11 Jorvas 02420 Finland

software development in highly dynamic environments imposes high risks to development organizations. One such risk is that the developed software may be of only little or no value to customers, wasting the invested development efforts. Continuous experimentation, as an experiment-driven development approach, may reduce such development risks by iteratively testing product and service assumptions that are critical to the success of the software. Although several experiment-driven development approaches are available, there is little guidance available on how to introduce continuous experimentation into an organization. This article presents a multiple-case study that aims at better understanding the process of introducing continuous experimentation into an organization with an already established development process. The results from the study show that companies are open to adopting such an approach and learning throughout the introduction process. Several benefits were obtained, such as reduced development efforts, deeper customer insights, and better support for development decisions. Challenges included complex stakeholder structures, difficulties in defining success criteria, and building experimentation skills. Our findings indicate that organizational factors may limit the benefits of experimentation. Moreover, introducing continuous experimentation requires fundamental changes in how companies operate, and a systematic introduction process can increase the chances of a successful start. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Continuous experimentation experiment-driven software development Product management Agile software development Lean software development Lean startup

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Transitioning Towards Continuous experimentation in a Large software Product and Service development Organisation - A Case Study 17th

Transitioning Towards Continuous Experimentation in a Large ...

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17th International Conference on Product-Focused software Process Improvement (PROFES)

作者： Yaman, Sezin Gizem Fagerholm, Fabian Munezero, Myriam Muench, Juergen Aaltola, Mika Palmu, Christina Mannisto, Tomi Univ Helsinki Dept Comp Sci POB 68 Helsinki 00014 Finland Reutlingen Univ Danziger Str 6 D-71034 Boblingen Germany Ericsson Hirsalantie 11 Jorvas 02420 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319490939;9783319490946

Context: Companies need capabilities to evaluate the customer value of software-intensive products and services. One way of systematically acquiring data on customer value is running continuous experiments as part of the overall development process. Objective: This paper investigates the first steps of transitioning towards continuous experimentation in a large company, including the challenges faced. Method: We conduct a single-case study using participant observation, interviews, and qualitative analysis of the collected data. Results: Results show that continuous experimentation was well received by the practitioners and practising experimentation helped them to enhance understanding of their product value and user needs. Although the complexities of a large multi-stakeholder business-to-business (B2B) environment presented several challenges such as inaccessible users, it was possible to address impediments and integrate an experiment in an ongoing development project. Conclusion: Developing the capability for continuous experimentation in large organisations is a learning process which can be supported by a systematic introduction approach with the guidance of experts. We gained experience by introducing the approach on a small scale in a large organisation, and one of the major steps for future work is to understand how this can be scaled up to the whole development organisation.

关键词： Continuous experimentation experiment-driven software development Product management Lean startup Customer development Customer involvement Organisational transition Agile software development Case study

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MVP and experimentation in software startups: a qualitative survey 46

MVP and experimentation in software startups: a qualitative ...

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46th Euromicro Conference on software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Melegati, Jorge Chanin, Rafael Sales, Afonso Prikladnicki, Rafael Wang, Xiaofeng Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Fac Comp Sci Bolzano Italy Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul Sch Technol Porto Alegre RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195322

The Lean Startup methodology disseminated the concept of MVP. Since then, the term has been used in several contexts aside startups with a blur definition. Practitioners name several artifacts as MVPs, such as prototypes or initial versions of a new product, rather than an instrument for experimentation. Given the importance of experimentation to the success rate of software startups, it is essential to understand if the experimentation element is still present in practitioners' understanding of the term and how they applied MVPs. To achieve this objective, we performed a survey with practitioners and coded their answers according to aspects found in a systematic mapping study on MVP. Our results indicate that MVP is mostly associated with the ideas of a product version and customer value rather than hypothesis testing and learning processes. Additionally, those respondents that focused on the first related group of terms did not give experiments as examples of MVP. In contrast, the opposite happened to those that used the second group.

关键词： minimum viable product software startups experimentation experiment-driven software development

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Continuous experimentation in Mobile Game development 44

Continuous Experimentation in Mobile Game Development

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44th Euromicro Conference on software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Yaman, Sezin Mikkonen, Tommi Suomela, Riku Univ Helsinki Dept Comp Sci Helsinki Finland Next Games Ltd Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781538673836

software companies need capabilities to evaluate the user value and the success of their products. This is especially crucial for highly competitive markets, such as the mobile game industry, where thousands of new games are introduced every month. Game companies often run continuous experiments as an integrated part of the overall development process. This paper presents a game company's journey on experimentation, and describes how the experiments are used at different stages of the development cycle to produce reliable, meaningful data for developers as well as how to balance between different data collection methods. Our study indicates that experiments are important in all stages of the development in different forms. Early stages in the development experiments can be run with proxy users due to lack of real users, whereas later in the development Key Performance Indicator (KPI) metrics play the most important role in experiments. Establishing concrete goals for the experiments, balancing between qualitative and quantitative data collection, experimentation throughout the development process with the guidance of an efficient leadership appears to be the key to success.

关键词： Continuous experimentation experiment-driven software development product management customer development customer involvement organisational transition agile software development

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Enablers and Inhibitors of experimentation in Early-Stage software Startups 20th

Enablers and Inhibitors of Experimentation in Early-Stage So...

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20th International Conference on Product-Focused software Process Improvement (PROFES)

作者： Melegati, Jorge Chanin, Rafael Wang, Xiaofeng Sales, Afonso Prikladnicki, Rafael Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Fac Comp Sci Bolzano Italy Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul Sch Technol Porto Alegre RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783030353339;9783030353322

software startups are temporary organizations that develop innovative software-intensive products or services. Despite of numerous successful stories, most startups fail. Several methodologies were proposed both in the scientific and commercial literature to improve their success rate, and a common element among them is the idea of experimentation. This concept was brought to software development as an approach focused on taking critical product assumptions as hypotheses and developing experiments to support or refute them. Although well-known methodologies are based on this idea, the literature shows that software startups still do not follow this approach. The goal of this paper is to identify the enablers and inhibitors of experimentation in early-stage software startups. To achieve the goal, we performed a multiple-case study of four software startups. The results comprise a set of enablers and inhibitors divided into the categories of individual, organizational context, and environment.

关键词： software startups experimentation experiment-driven software development

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software development as an experiment System: A Qualitative Survey on the State of the Practice 16th

Software Development as an Experiment System: A Qualitative ...

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16th International Conference on Agile software development (XP)

作者： Lindgren, Eveliina Munch, Jurgen Univ Helsinki Dept Comp Sci POB 68 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319186122;9783319186115

An experiment-driven approach to software product and service development is gaining increasing attention as a way to channel limited resources to the efficient creation of customer value. In this approach, software functionalities are developed incrementally and validated in continuous experiments with stakeholders such as customers and users. The experiments provide factual feedback for guiding subsequent development. Although case studies on experimentation in industry exist, the understanding of the state of the practice and the encountered obstacles is incomplete. This paper presents an interview-based qualitative survey exploring the experimentation experiences of ten software development companies. The study found that although the principles of continuous experimentation resonated with industry practitioners, the state of the practice is not yet mature. In particular, experimentation is rarely systematic and continuous. Key challenges relate to changing organizational culture, accelerating development cycle speed, and measuring customer value and product success.

关键词： Continuous experimentation experiment-driven software development Customer feedback Qualitative survey

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