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experimental modelling of seasonal thermal energy storage within unconfined aquifer (ATES)

CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL 2021年第8期58卷 1135-1147页

作者： Charlwood, S. P. Madabhushi, S. P. G. Univ Cambridge Schofield Ctr Dept Engn Cambridge England

Aquifer thermal energy storage systems allow the storage of excess heat from summer for use during the winter. This investigation looks at the suitability of a small-scale experimental model as a method for simulating the behaviour of full-scale unconfined aquifers for thermal storage. Thermal energy was stored via the injection of 40, 60, and 80 degrees C water for a period of 1000 s with extraction being between 1000 and 2000 s. Furthermore, periods of storage between injection and extraction were introduced to simulate potential full-scale heating and cooling demand scenarios. Thermal efficiencies were found to be similar to 60% reducing to similar to 53% with the addition of a 1000 s storage period. Furthermore, for the model tested in this investigation the temperature of the injected water was found to have little influence upon the efficiency.

关键词： aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) thermal energy storage unconfined aquifer experimental modelling thermal efficiency

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experimental modelling of a top-tensioned riser for vibration-based damage detection

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ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 2020年 223卷 111139-111139页

作者： Bayik, Bugra Omenzetter, Piotr van der Dominic, A. A. Pavlovskaia, Ekaterina Univ Aberdeen Sch Engn Aberdeen AB24 3UE Scotland Univ Aberdeen Sch Engn Ctr Appl Dynam Res Aberdeen AB24 3UE Scotland Curtin Univ Sch Civil & Mech Engn Ctr Infrastruct Monitoring & Protect Kent St Bentley WA 6102 Australia

Damage incidents in subsea risers may lead to catastrophic economic, environmental and human safety consequences. Therefore, early detection of damage is of paramount importance. Vibration-based damage detection methods have been extensively studied in the past for damage detection in a vast variety of structural types, however, their application to risers has hardly been explored to date. In the limited existing literature of vibration-based damage detection in risers, the proposed methods have mostly been verified by numerical studies or by experimental models which lacked realistic representations of ambient excitations and similarly of the model to a full-scale structure. This paper presents, for the first time, experimental modelling of a top-tensioned riser at a laboratory scale for vibration-based damage detection studies, in which the similarly of the experimental model to a full-scale structure, the multifaceted effects of damage and the dynamic ambience are explicitly addressed. An experimental riser model is built and subjected to random wave loading in a flume according to the JONSWAP spectrum to simulate the ambient excitations realistically. The experimental model consists of a tensioned rod made of acetal plastic and several small lumped steel masses attached to the rod such that they reduce the natural frequencies of the model to the range of wave frequencies that can be generated in the flume. An analysis is conducted to account for the similarly between the experimental model and a full-scale structure with the priority given to the modal characteristics of the structures. Corrosion is considered as the cause of damage and it is simulated non-destructively on the experimental model by partial removal of the attached lumped mass at the assumed damage location and reduction of applied tension load. The amount of removed mass and reduced tension load are calculated such that the simulated damage on the experimental model is equivalent to an actual cro

关键词： Damage detection Top tensioned riser experimental modelling Similarity analysis

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experimental modelling of imposed upper airway obstruction in infants and children

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FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2020年第4期16卷 622-632页

作者： Johnson, George Green, Frederick Clift, Harriet Johnson, Christopher Paul Liverpool Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust Aintree Univ Hosp Lower Lane Liverpool L9 7AL Merseyside England Whittington Hlth NHS Trust Whittington Hosp Magdala Ave London N19 5NF England Liverpool Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust Royal Liverpool Univ Hosp Prescot St Liverpool L7 8XP Merseyside England Liverpool Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust Royal Liverpool Univ Hosp Dept Forens Pathol Prescot St Liverpool L7 8XP Merseyside England

The interpretation of injuries to children and infants poses a number of difficulties to any medical practitioner involved in their care or tasked with the investigation their death. This includes differentiating accidental from non-accidental trauma and the consideration of medical factors making a child more prone to injury. Non-fatal but life-threatening upper airway obstruction is unfortunately a well-recognized pattern of abuse which may precede a fatal episode. In this experimental study, we aimed to model theoretical digit marks to the head using infant and young child resuscitation dummies, exposed to various methods of deliberate upper airway obstruction. This work has demonstrated that digit marks can be left anywhere on the head and face. However, the distribution of these marks varies dramatically based on how the airway was obstructed. Moreover, digit marks also appeared to be linked together in fairly reproducible patterns. Given the findings in this study, the identification of one or more fingertip type bruises anywhere on an infant or child's face or scalp, should raise the index of suspicion that the individual may have been subject to deliberate upper airway obstruction. This should prompt healthcare professionals to examine the child for markers of mechanical asphyxia, in order to accurately interpret any inadequately explained bruising to the head and face.

关键词： Airway obstruction Asphyxia Bruising Child abuse experimental modelling Homicide

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A transparent experimental modelling method for linear multiple-input multiple-output systems

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IFAC JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 2024年 30卷

作者： Zentgraf, Peter Shivarkar, Abhishek Tech Univ Rosenheim Fac Engn D-83024 Rosenheim Germany APL Automobil Pruftechn Landau GmbH D-38448 Wolfsburg Germany

This paper presents a transparent technique that simulates processes using input and output measurement data without the use of any complex optimization or iterative algorithms. The method is very simple and easy to understand as it comprises only of linear ordinary differential equations, Laplace transformations and least squares technique. The solution can be expressed only in two linear matrix equations. The main aim is to provide bachelor students of engineering with a tool to formulate transfer functions. The method is validated with artificially generated erroneous measurement data as well as using measurements obtained from a practical application at the university. Inclusion of dead times and estimation of initial conditions make it ideal to be used for various range of applications such as stable and unstable systems with and without damping, open and closed loop systems. Over-integration, normalizing and/or zeroing of different coefficients add more degrees of freedom to improve the model quality. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： experimental modelling Simulation MIMO Linear ODEs Simplicity

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experimental and numerical modelling of shear bonding between asphalt layers

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ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN 2023年第Sup1期24卷 176-191页

作者： Jelagin, Denis Olsson, Erik Raab, Christiane Partl, Manfred N. KTH Royal Inst Technol Dept Civil & Architectural Engn Stockholm Sweden Lulea Univ Technol Dept Engn Sci & Math Lulea Sweden Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Concrete & Asphalt Empa Dubendorf Switzerland PaRRC Partl Rd Res Consulting Oeschgen Switzerland

Interlayers in asphalt pavements are potential structural damage initiators. In order to better understand the quantitative role of interlayer parameters, such as surface roughness, binder type, binder content and loading type on interlayer shear strength, this paper focuses on the effects of particle interlock and contact conditions on interlayer strength through experimental and numerical modelling. experimentally, interlayer shear box strength tests on a model material consisting of stiff binder blended with steel balls are performed with and without normal force confinement. A Discrete Element method model of the test is developed using measurements of the model material for calibrating the contact law and for validating the model. It is shown that this model captures adequately the measured force-displacement response of the specimens. It is thus a feasible starting point for numerically and experimentally studying the role of binder and tack coat regarding interlayer shear strength of real asphalt layers.

关键词： Interlayer bond shear bond testing experimental modelling discrete element method

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experimental-theoretical modelling of the lateral sloshing in rail tankers

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS 2021年第3期28卷 435-454页

作者： Navarrete, J. A. Romero Otremba, F. Lozano Guzman, A. A. BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing Unter Eichen 44-46 D-12203 Berlin Germany Natl Polytech Inst IPN CICATA Queretaro Unit Cerro Blanco 141 Santiago De Queretaro 76800 Mexico

The objective of this paper is to describe and to validate a simplified pendulum-analogy model to simulate the interaction of a liquid cargo with its carrying vehicle. The resulting testing rig consists of a rectangular container, spring supported on a two wheelset-bogie having a scale down of 1/10 with respect to a full-size equipment. The testing rig is used to validate a simple pendulum-based, simplified three degree-of-freedom mathematical model of the response of a partially filled container to lateral accelerations. The length of the pendulum is set according to validated methodologies. The resulting mathematical scheme reveals a high correlation with the experimental output, on the order of 99%, while some other performance measures, related to the peak forces and the range of variation of the wheel-rail forces, also show good concordance with the experimental results.

关键词： sloshing rail tankers pendulum analogy experimental modelling mechanical fatigue

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Novel experimental modelling of the hydrodynamic interactions of arrays of wave energy converters

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARINE ENERGY 2017年 20卷 109-124页

作者： Nader, Jean-Roch Fleming, Alan Macfarlane, Gregor Penesis, Irene Manasseh, Richard Univ Tasmania Australian Maritime Coll Natl Ctr Maritime Engn & Hydrodynam Locked Bag 1395 Launceston Tas 7250 Australia Swinburne Univ Technol Fac Sci Engn & Technol POB 218 Melbourne Vic 3122 Australia

Wave energy converters (WECs) range significantly in respect of concepts, technologies and design maturation, with the majority of devices at an early commercial stage. To date, most large scale deployments have been conducted with a single WEC. However, there is a necessity to expand these to 'arrays' or 'farms' in the future in order to reduce both installation and maintenance cost per unit as well as harnessing maximum energy at a given site. There are complex hydrodynamic and environmental implications which require consideration when moving from a single device installation to an array of devices. Many theoretical and numerical studies exist in this domain, however, limited experimental investigations have been performed due to the cost and size related to testing facilities as well as the complexity of the experiment and related instrumentation. This paper presents a novel experimental approach, performed as part of a larger project, aiming to address a critical knowledge gap: understanding the performance of WEC arrays, and to develop a methodology to accurately model an array of WECs. The experimental investigation utilised Australia's most technically advanced wave basin at the Australian Maritime College, specialist institute of the University of Tasmania. For the first time, it applied the phenomenological theory to experimental hydrodynamic investigation of array of generic WECs by separating the problem into its diffraction and radiation problems. Such approach removes the need of power-take-off modelling and control. Using a post-processing analytical model, the q-factor, the parameter representative of the array performance, for several configurations can be derived. Furthermore a bespoke stereo-videogrammetry method was developed to measure the wave field around and in the lee of the array. This paper describes the hydrodynamic approach and experimental methods developed as part of this project and presents preliminary results related to array q-fact

关键词： Wave energy converters Optimisation experimental modelling Arrays q-Factor Phenomenological theory

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Experience of experimental modelling of Huntington’s disease

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Human Physiology 2016年第8期42卷 898-904页

作者： Stavrovskaya, A.V. Voronkov, D.N. Yamshchikova, N.G. Ol’shanskiy, A.S. Khudoerkov, R.M. Illarioshkin, S.N. Research Center of Neurology Moscow 125367 Russian Federation

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by choreic involuntary movements, decline in cognitive functions, behavioral disturbances, and progressive neuronal death affecting primarily the striatum. The fatal nature of HD makes it important to search for new effective methods of its treatment, which requires the development of experimental models of the disease. These models can be created using 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), which is a neurotoxin causing typical changes in motor skills and memory impairment in animals due to induction of oxidative stress, impaired glutathione defense, and destruction of striatal cells. We modeled HD in rats by chronic daily intraperitoneal administration of 3-NPA for 17 days. Systemic administration of a low dose of 3-NPA (10 mg/kg) induced hyperactivity of animals in the open field test (including movement redundancy as a hyperkinesia analogue) and had no effect on the behavior of the animals in the X-maze test. On the contrary, rats administered with a toxic dose of 3-NPA (20 mg/kg) exhibited a significant decrease in their motor activity and a cognitive decline in behavioral tests. A histopathological analysis revealed damage and loss of neurons and a decrease in expression of dopaminergic markers (tyrosine hydroxylase and plasma membrane dopamine transporter) in the striatum. The gliotoxic effect of 3-NPA was also found in the striatum, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for astrocytic proteins: GFAP, glutamine synthetase, and aquaporin-4. This HD model may be helpful for testing new experimental therapies at different stages of HD-like neurodegeneration, including therapies based on cell neurotransplantation. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

关键词： 3-nitropropionic acid behavioral and memory disorders experimental modelling gliotoxicity Huntington’s disease neuronal death striatum

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experimental modelling of tectonics-erosion-sedimentation interactions in compressional, extensional, and strike-slip settings

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GEOMORPHOLOGY 2015年 244卷 146-168页

作者： Graveleau, Fabien Strak, Vincent Dominguez, Stephane Malavieille, Jacques Chatton, Marina Manighetti, Isabelle Petit, Carole Univ Lille 1 CNRS LOG UMR 8187 F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq France Monash Univ Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm Melbourne Vic 3004 Australia Univ Montpellier 2 Geosci Montpellier CNRS UMR 5243 F-34095 Montpellier France Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis CNRS UMR 7329 GeoazurObserv Cote dAzur F-06235 Villefranche Sur Mer France CNRS NSC Int Associated Lab Paris France CNRS NSC Int Associated Lab Taipei Taiwan

Tectonically controlled landforms develop morphologic features that provide useful markers to investigate crustal deformation and relief growth dynamics. In this paper, we present results of morphotectonic experiments obtained with an innovative approach combining tectonic and surface processes (erosion, transport, and sedimentation), coupled with accurate model monitoring techniques. This approach allows for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of landscape evolution in response to active deformation in the three end-member geological settings: compression, extension, and strike-slip. experimental results outline first that experimental morphologies evolve significantly at a short time scale. Numerous morphologic markers form continuously, but their lifetime is generally short because erosion and sedimentation processes tend to destroy or bury them. For the compressional setting, the formation of terraces above an active thrust appears mainly controlled by narrowing and incision of the main channel through the uplifting hanging-wall and by avulsion of deposits on fan-like bodies. Terrace formation is irregular even under steady tectonic rates and erosional conditions. Terrace deformation analysis allows retrieving the growth history of the structure and the fault slip rate evolution. For the extensional setting, the dynamics of hanging-wall sedimentary filling appears to control the position of the base level, which in turn controls footwall erosion. Two phases of relief evolution can be evidenced: the first is a phase of relief growth, and the second is a phase of upstream propagation of topographic equilibrium that is reached first in the sedimentary basin. During the phase of relief growth, the formation of triangular facets occurs by degradation of the fault scarp, and their geometry (height) becomes stationary during the phase of upstream propagation of the topographic equilibrium. For the strike-slip setting, the complex morphology of the wrench zone, comp

关键词： experimental modelling Tectonic geomorphology Relief dynamics Thrust - extension Strike-slip

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Flow of a blood analogue fluid in a compliant abdominal aortic aneurysm model: experimental modelling

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JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS 2014年第6期47卷 1262-1269页

作者： Deplano, Valerie Knapp, Yannick Bailly, Lucie Bertrand, Eric Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Cent Marseille IRPHE UMR 7342 F-13384 Marseille France Univ Avignon LAPEC EA4278 F-84000 Avignon France

The aim of this work is to develop a unique in vitro set-up in order to analyse the influence of the shear thinning fluid-properties on the flow dynamics within the bulge of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). From an experimental point of view, the goals are to elaborate an analogue shear thinning fluid mimicking the macroscopic blood behaviour, to characterise its rheology at low shear rates and to propose an experimental device able to manage such an analogue fluid without altering its feature while reproducing physiological flow rate and pressure, through compliant AAA. Once these experimental prerequisites achieved, the results obtained in the present work show that the flow dynamics is highly dependent on the fluid rheology. The main results point out that the propagation of the vortex ring, generated in the AAA bulge, is slower for shear thinning fluids inducing a smaller travelled, distance by the vortex ring so that it never impacts the anterior wall in the distal region, in opposition to Newtonian fluids. Moreover, scalar shear rate values are globally lower for shear thinning fluids inducing higher maximum stress values than those for the Newtonian fluids. Consequently, this work highlights that a Newtonian fluid model is finally inadequate to obtain a reliable prediction of the flow dynamics within MA. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shear thinning fluid Compliant abdominal aortic aneurysm In vitro dynamic set-up Physiological flow experimental modelling

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