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Convergence and Spillover Effects in Africa: A spatial Panel data Approach

JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ECONOMIES 2018年第3期27卷 274-284页

作者： Diop, Samba Gaston Berger Univ St Louis Fac Econ & Management BP 234 St Louis Senegal

This paper re-examines the question of beta convergence process among 45 African countries during the period 2000-2015, taking into account the existence of spatial dependence and spatial spillover effects. We use a spatial panel data approach to control both individual effects and interaction among geographical units. The exploratory spatial data analysis detects strong spatial dependence and clusters of high per capita income in northern, central and southern Africa. Our empirical results find the existence of beta convergence and suggest that dependence between economies has an adverse impact in the convergence speed for African countries. We also find the existence of spatial spillover effects. This result suggests that in Africa, having neighbours with higher levels of initial per capita income leads to higher growth rates.

关键词： exploratory spatial data analysis beta convergence spatial spillovers spatial panel data Africa

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A Geographic analysis of Drug Trafficking Patterns on the TOR Network

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GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 2018年第1期108卷 45-68页

作者： Dolliver, Diana S. Ericson, Steven P. Love, Katherine L. Univ Alabama Criminol & Criminal Justice Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Geog Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Univ Richmond Law Richmond VA 23173 USA

As globalization processes continue to impact patterns in drug-trafficking operations worldwide, a cyber-based dimension of the drug trade has recently emerged via the Tor Network. This study employed geovisualization and exploratory spatial data analysis to examine drug distributions of heroin, cocaine, new psychoactive substances, and prescription drugs advertised on Agora, the largest international marketplace on the Tor Network at the time of data collection. data were collected using webcrawling software and mapped to determine the presence of statistical outliers internationally or hotspots within Europe. Global Moran's I testing revealed that drugs sourced from Europe were randomly distributed. Boxmaps confirmed the visual analysis that six countries (including Canada and the United States) dominated world listings across the four drug types. Globally, heroin and cocaine markets were found to be almost exclusively retail based, while new psychoactive substances and prescription drugs were sold from countries with established pharmaceutical and chemical industries.

关键词： exploratory spatial data analysis Tor Network drugs

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Regional growth policy experience in India: the spatial dimension

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ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE 2018年第2期2卷 479-505页

作者： Mohanty, Biswajit Bhanumurthy, N. R. AB Coll Bhadrak Odisha India Natl Inst Publ Finance & Policy New Delhi India

New Economic Geography (NEG) literature emphasizes that growth of regions across space may show different possible patterns or clustering because of spatial agglomeration of economic activities and spatial spill over in the growth process. Using exploratory spatial data analysis, the paper explores the spatial character of outcome variables of regional growth process-per capita income, growth of per capita income and employment-and its possible determinants. The results reveal that regional growth in India has a definite spatial character, showing different clustering in space: group of rich states, group of backward states, spatial outliers where a rich state is found among poor states or a poor state is seen among rich states. Such spatial patterns are found to be matching with the spatial pattern in possible determinants such as FDI, infrastructure, manufacturing, and service sector's contribution to regional output. These findings suggest the need for differential policy treatments for different spatial cluster of states. Further, the policy-designs may also need to consider the negative spillover effects of growth process.

关键词： Regional growth spatial dimension exploratory spatial data analysis India O18 R11 R12

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spatial Spillover Effects of Chinese Transport Infrastructure on Regional Economic Growth 5

Spatial Spillover Effects of Chinese Transport Infrastructur...

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5th International Conference on Industrial Economics System and Industrial Security Engineering (IEIS)

作者： Zhao, Yongtao Wang, Lingqiu Guo, Xuemeng Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Econ & Management Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538669686

Based on the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis, this paper proves that the spatial clustering trend and positive spatial autocorrelation on Chinese regional economic development are significant from 2003 to 2017. According to 31 provincial data in 2003, 2010 and 2017, we conduct an empirical study concerning the spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure on regional economic growth. The result shows that the capital and labor still make the largest contributions to the regional economic growth. The human capital, government expenditure, trade openness and the transport infrastructure play a more and more important positive role in promoting the economic development. Moreover, the direct effects of transport infrastructure on regional economic growth still account for the vast majority of the whole effects. A positive spatial spillover effect significantly exists and without considering the spatial spillover effects will overestimate the direct effects of transport infrastructure on economic growth.

关键词： transport infrastructure regional economic growth spatial spillover effects exploratory spatial data analysis spatial lag model

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Testing the role of barriers in shaping segregation profiles: The importance of visualizing the local neighborhood

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ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE 2018年第6期45卷 1106-1121页

作者： Kramer, Rory Villanova Univ Sociol & Criminol Villanova PA 19085 USA

"Egocentric" segregation profiles allow researchers to avoid a reliance on a priori definitions of local neighborhoods that contribute an unknown amount of error to measures of segregation. To date, however, such profiles have used distance-decay techniques that rely on "as the crow flies" measures of space. Yet we know that major roads, railroads, and other physical attributes of space mean that such techniques may introduce error into the measurement and visualization of residential segregation. Here, I use a variation on standard smoothing techniques that allows the smoothing function to vary based on a second variable of interest, in this case, the location of major roads, railroads, and nonresidential land use. Using Philadelphia as a case study due to access to detailed land-use data, I show that barriers do not affect observed values of city-level racial and ethnic dissimilarity. Visualizing the impact of barriers on local neighborhoods, however, shows that while barriers may not affect city-wide indexes of segregation, they continue to powerfully shape local experiences of the city, including protecting new immigrant ethnic enclaves, wealthy white neighborhoods, and also isolating high-poverty, predominantly black neighborhoods in different parts of the city.

关键词： Segregation boundaries visualization urban geography exploratory spatial data analysis

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exploratory spatial data analysis OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN BEIJING DURING 2001-2007

EXPLORATORY SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DISPA...

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Joint International Conference on Theory, data Handling and Modelling in Geospatial Information Science

作者： Ma, Xiaoyi Pei, Tao Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642259258

The unbalanced development of regional economics in Beijing has induced the ubiquitous regional economic disparities and may affect the sustainable development of economy and social stability. How to alleviate this unbalanced status has been an important issue which the society and government face. As usual, the hold of Olympics Games may boost the economy of host city, however it is not clear that the event could narrow the regional economic disparities. In order to investigate the influence of the 2008 Olympics Games for the development of regional economics in Beijing, this paper studies the space-time dynamics of economic development of Beijing since the year when Beijing won the bid (the year of 2001) using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and based on the county level and measure index of the regional per capita gross domestic product (GDP). The results show not strong evidences of global spatial autocorrelation, but clear evidences of local spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of regional per capita GDP. Driven by the bid winning of 2008 Olympics, the total economic disparity in Beijing had not been alleviated, and the situation got even more complicated. Since the economic increasing-speeds of Changping and Shijingshan Districts were significantly lower than their some neighbouring regions, a new centre-surrounding polarization scheme was gradually replacing the North-South polarization scheme in Beijing from 2001 to 2007.

关键词： Regional Economy The Olympic Games exploratory spatial data analysis GIS spatial Autocorrelation spatial Heterogeneity

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analysis of the spatial Characteristics of the Water Usage Patterns Based on ESDA-GIS: An Example of Hubei Province, China

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2017年第5期31卷 1503-1516页

作者： Zhou, Han Huang, Jiejun Yuan, Yanbin Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Resource & Environm Engn Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China

The spatial characteristics and the high-duty water regions of the Water Usage Patterns (WUP) are very important for the allocation and management of water resources. Taken Hubei province, China as an example, we adopted the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) method to investigate the spatial dependence and local patterns of the WUP from 2003 to 2012. Subsequently, the spatial variation mechanisms were analyzed through the gravity center model. The results indicated that the overall spatial dependence of the agricultural WUP was detected (more significant after 2008). Moreover, the global spatial autocorrelation analysis results on the domestic WUP showed statistical significance (Moran's I > 0.1, P < 0.05). These indicated that the local patterns were presented. The high values clustering areas of the agricultural and domestic WUP were mainly distributed in the central province and in the western province respectively. However, the approximate random distribution was identified for the industrial WUP because the industrial development had been conducted widely in the whole province during these years. Furthermore, the governmental policies and natural environment contributed to the spatial evolution tendency of the WUP. An increasing trend of the spatial association of the agricultural WUP and a significant decreasing trend of that of the domestic WUP, which suggested that the natural circumstance superiority and the industrial structure adjustment related to water utilization has been utilized and implemented effectively. This study can provide a useful reference and guidance for scientific planning of water resource systems.

关键词： Water usage patterns spatial characteristics exploratory spatial data analysis Gravity center model Hubei province

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The geotemporal demographics of academic journals from 1950 to 2013 according to Ulrich's database

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JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS 2017年第3期11卷 655-671页

作者： Wang, Yuandi Hu, Ruifeng Liu, Meijun Sichuan Univ Business Sch Wangjiang Rd 29 Chengdu 610064 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Div Informat & Technol Studies Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Peoples R China

Academic journals play a critical role in recording and transferring knowledge. However, the geographic evolution and spatial autocorrelation of the distribution of academic journals have yet to be fully investigated. Inspired by this gap, we used descriptive analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis to reveal the cross-country inequality, globalization process and spatial autocorrelation of academic journals from 1950 to 2013 based on the Ulrichsweb database. We found that: (1) there was a tremendous disparity in the distribution of academic journals at the country level;(2) both the cross-country inequality of academic journals and the differences in academic publishing between the top three publishing countries witnessed a wavy trend;(3) the US, Eastern Asia and Europe were the central regions while Africa and Central Asia were lagging behind;(4) most of the academic journals in the top ten publishing countries were technology-based, and the proportion of academic journals in the field of Social Sciences and Technology went up;(5) most of the top ten publishing countries have experienced a rising-decreasing-stabilizing pattern of academic journals' growth before 2000;(6) the temporal and spatial variation of the distribution of academic journals may be attributed to political and economic factors;(7) the spatial autocorrelation of the distribution of academic journal was firstly strengthened and mitigated;(8) the European cluster has been the hot-spot area in academic journal publishing since 1950. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Academic journals exploratory spatial data analysis Geographic evolution

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Evolution of Life Expectancy at Birth in French Departements Over the Period 1833-1982

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spatial DEMOGRAPHY 2018年第2期6卷 89-120页

作者： Sanchez-Barricarte, Jesus J. Carracedo, Patricia Iftimi, Adina Debon, Ana Montes, Francisco Carlos III Univ Madrid Dept Social Anal Calle Madrid 126 Getafe 28903 Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Ctr Gest Calidad & Cambio Valencia Spain Univ Valencia Dept Estadist & Invest Operat Valencia Spain

This paper deals with spatial aspects of trends in life expectancy at birth in the French metropolitan departements over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. data from the censuses conducted from 1833 to 1982 were used to calculate the life expectancy at birth for both sexes togheter, . The overall fertility index (I-f), marital fertility index (I-g) and nuptiality index (I-m) were also calculated for each 5-year period within the same time span. The analysis has two facets: a first, descriptive part in which we establish clusters of departements with similar or different patterns of evolution over the period above mentioned;and a second part in which the effect of covariables in changes in are examined. In addition their coefficients were interpreted including the direct and spatial spillover effects. Unlike earlier studies, in which a spatio-temporal analysis was performed, the time function showing changes in is reduced to a single value which measures the distance or affinity between the functions of time in each departement, which enables us to carry out an exploratory spatial data analysis and apply spatial econometric models.

关键词： Life expectancy spatial autocorrelation exploratory spatial data analysis spatial regression

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A comprehensive framework for exploratory spatial data analysis:Moran location and variance scatterplots

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第2期3卷 157-186页

作者： J.G.Negreiros M.T.Painho F.J.Aguilar M.A.Aguilar Institute of Statistics and Information Management New University of LisbonCampus de CampolideLisbon 1070-312Portugal Department of Agricultural Engineering Almerı´a UniversityAlmeria 04120Spain

A significant Geographic Information Science(GIS)issue is closely related to spatial autocorrelation,a burning question in the phase of information extraction from the statistical analysis of georeferenced *** present,spatial autocorrelation presents two types of measures:continuous and *** it possible to use Moran’s I and the Moran scatterplot with continuous data?Is it possible to use the same methodology with discrete data?A particular and cumbersome problem is the choice of the spatial-neighborhood matrix(W)for points *** paper addresses these issues by introducing the concept of covariogram contiguity,where each weight is based on the variogram model for that particular dataset:(1)the variogram,whose range equals the distance with the highest Moran I value,defines the weights for points separated by less than the estimated range and(2)weights equal zero for points widely separated from the variogram range *** the W matrix is computed,the Moran location scatterplot is created in an iterative *** accordance with various lag distances,Moran’s I is presented as a good search factor for the optimal neighborhood ***/transition regions are also *** the same time,a new exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA)tool is developed,the Moran variance scatterplot,since the conventional Moran scatterplot is not sensitive to neighbor *** computer-mapping framework allows the study of spatial patterns,outliers,changeover areas,and trends in an ESDA *** these tools were implemented in a free web e-Learning program for quantitative geographers called SAKWeb#(or,in the near future,***).

关键词： geocomputation exploratory spatial data analysis spatial autocorrelation Moran scatterplot Moran’s I variography

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