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Exploring urban tourism crowding in Shanghai via crowdsourcing geospatial data

CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM 2017年第11期20卷 1186-1209页

作者： Shi, Beiqi Zhao, Jinlin Chen, Po-Ju Shanghai Inst Tourism Dept Tourism Management Shanghai 201418 Peoples R China Florida Int Univ Chaplin Sch Hospitality & Tourism Management North Miami FL 33181 USA Univ Cent Florida Rosen Coll Hospitality Management Orlando FL 32816 USA

Urban tourism is booming and, as a result, crowding is now recognized as a social constraint in many tourist cities. When related to sustainability, tourism crowding must be considered. However, the way tourists experience crowding is still a neglected topic in urban tourism research. In this study, we proposed a new approach to exploit tourism crowding from crowdsourcing geospatial data which goes beyond the scale, timeliness, and cost of traditional on-site questionnaire surveys. The new approach is based on analysis of 446,273 check-in' geotagged data from Weibo in Shanghai. The data provided a hotspot distribution of popular urban tourist attractions and a range of factors related to tourism crowding. These data provided deep insights into the relationship between crowdedness and popularity of tourist attractions. This empirical work can be extended to urban tourism crowding management environments for sustainable development of tourist attractions.

关键词： tourism crowding crowdsourcing geospatial data urban tourism exploratory spatial data analysis popularity of tourist attractions

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A stop too far: How does public transportation concentration influence neighbourhood median household income?

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URBAN STUDIES 2017年第2期54卷 538-554页

作者： Barton, Michael S. Gibbons, Joseph Louisiana State Univ Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA San Diego State Univ San Diego CA 92182 USA

Research on US cities has connected the concentration of public transit with various neighbourhood outcomes, but it remains unclear whether public transit was more attractive to lower or higher income households. Some research found neighbourhoods with public transportation were more attractive to lower income households, likely because such households could not afford private transportation. Closer examination suggested that the type of transit was important, as lower income households were more likely to use buses while higher income households were more likely to use rapid transit. A key limitation of existing research on transit and neighbourhood household income was that it did not adequately control for variation over time. The current study addresses this limitation by assessing how the concentration of subway and bus stops predicted variation in median household income in New York City during the 2000s. Results of cross - sectional regressions partially confirm the findings of previous research that lower income households corresponded to areas characterised by higher concentrations of bus stops. Longitudinal results, however, indicate that the concentration of different forms of transit was uniquely associated with changes in neighbourhood median household income, independent of other neighbourhood changes.

关键词： exploratory spatial data analysis income inequality neighbourhood New York City public transit random effects regression transport

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Spatio-temporal patterns of rural poverty in China and targeted poverty alleviation strategies

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JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES 2017年 52卷 66-75页

作者： Liu, Yansui Liu, Jilai Zhou, Yang Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Assessment & Res Targeted Poverty Alleviat Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Reg Sustainable Dev Modeling Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Coll Resources Sci & Technol Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

Poverty is a challenge facing all countries and the international community as a whole. Promoting development, narrowing the rural-urban gap, eliminating poverty and achieving common prosperity are all ideals that humanity constantly pursues. Despite the great achievements have been made in poverty alleviation over the past three decades, the extent of poverty in rural China is still high. It is both necessary and urgent to fully understand the root and status quo of China's poverty and establish a scientific poverty relief system. Based on high resolution poverty data, this study systematically examined the status quo and spatial distribution characteristics of poverty in rural China and its driving mechanism. The results showed that the distribution of the Chinese rural poor exhibits a distinct spatial agglomeration feature. Poverty is mainly concentrated in the remote deep rocky mountainous areas, border areas and minority areas of central and western China and gradually gathers towards the southwestern region. The "islanding effect" may well appear in China's poverty-stricken regions in the future. The proportion of poor people in the northwestern and southeastern regions of the Hu Huanyong line was 16.4% and 83.6%, respectively, indicating the uneven distribution of the rural poor. Furthermore, further investigations indicated that suffering from illness is the greatest contributor to current individual or transient poverty in rural China. The lack of natural endowments, poor geographic conditions and fragile ecological environment are the main driving forces behind persistent poverty. Ultimately, we proposed that China implement a scientific, differentiated, sustainable, targeted and problem-oriented poverty alleviation strategy that can lift the country's rural poor population out of poverty by 2020 as scheduled. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spatio-temporal pattern of rural poverty Targeted poverty alleviation exploratory spatial data analysis Rural transformation development China

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Creative class agglomeration across time and space in knowledge city: Determinants and their relative importance

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2017年 60卷 91-100页

作者： You, Heyuan Bie, Chenmeng Zhejiang Univ Finance & Econ Sch Publ Adm Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang Peoples R China

The Creative Class Theory proposed by Richard Florida has captured widespread attention from international scholars and political community. From a geographical perspective, this paper employs spatial regression and variances partitioning to examine the determinants of creative class agglomeration (CCG) and its spatiotemporal dynamics, using a typical knowledge city (Shenzhen) in China. Aggregated data are collected at district level in 2000 and 2010. In particular, creative class is categories into two subgroups: creative professionals (CP) and super creative core (SCC). In particular, CCG is measured by the total share of creative class within one district. Potential determinants are described from three aspects: amenities, social tolerance and openness, and economic incentives. Results show that the three categories of determinants all have significant influences on CP and SCC agglomeration. However, the relative importance of determinants differs with the creative class sub-groups and differs with time. The 'social tolerance and openness' determinants have the strongest influence on SCC agglomeration in 2000, while the 'economic incentives' determinants have the greatest influence in 2010. For CP agglomeration, the relative importance of 'amenities' determinants is highest in 2000, but 'economic incentives' determinants have the strongest influence in 2010. 'Economic incentives' determinants also have the biggest influence on both CP changes and SCC changes during the study period. It is suggested that urban policies should not particularly emphasize the attraction power of amenities in fostering creative capital. In addition, the urban policy makers should place continuous investment and long-term focus on a diversity of relevant location factors, such as amenities, housing, education, social atmosphere. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Creative class theory Determinants Amenities Social tolerance Economic drivers exploratory spatial data analysis Creative class agglomeration

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A spatial relationship between the distribution patterns of hotels and amenities in the United States

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COGENT SOCIAL SCIENCES 2018年第1期4卷 Article: 1444918页

作者： Lee, Kyung Hee Kang, Sanghoon Terry, William C. Schuett, Michael A. Kyonggi Univ Tourism Res Inst Suwon 16227 South Korea Cent Michigan Univ Dept Recreat Pk & Leisure Serv Adm Mt Pleasant MI 48859 USA Clemson Univ Dept Hist & Geog Clemson SC 29634 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci College Stn TX 77843 USA

Amenities are recognized as an important factor for hospitality and tourism development. While previous studies have primarily focused on natural amenities, this research considers both natural and constructed amenities based on Clark's amenity concept. This study explored how and which amenities were related to the spatial distribution patterns of hotels in the United States. exploratory spatial statistical techniques were employed in this research. The findings suggest that hotels are not randomly distributed across the country. As the Moran's I statistic demonstrates, hotels tend to be regionally clustered. While this study statistically confirms the importance of natural amenities in the spatial distribution patterns of hotels using bivariate local indicators of spatial association tests, it also reveals a stronger spatial relationship between constructed amenities and the spatial distribution patterns of US hotels compared with natural amenities.

关键词： natural amenities constructed amenities hotel distribution exploratory spatial data analysis United States

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Quality of life in the regions: an exploratory spatial data analysis for West German labor markets

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REVIEW OF REGIONAL RESEARCH-JAHRBUCH FUR REGIONALWISSENSCHAFT 2010年第1期30卷 1-22页

作者： Rusche, Karsten ILS Inst Landes & Stadtentwicklungsforsch gGmbH Forschungsfeld Regionalisierung Stadt 2 Postfach 101764 D-44017 Dortmund Germany

Which of Germany's regions is the most attractive? Where is it best to live and work-on objective grounds? These questions are summed up in the concept "quality of life". This paper uses recent research projects that determine this parameter to examine the spatial distribution of quality of life in Germany. For this purpose, an exploratory spatial data analysis is conducted which focuses on identifying statistically significant (dis-) similarities in space. An initial result of this research is that it is important to choose the aggregation level of administrative units carefully when considering a spatial analysis. The level plays a crucial role in the strength and impact of spatial effects. In concentrating on various labor market areas, this paper identifies a significant spatial autocorrelation in the quality of life, which seems to be contradictory to the hypothesis of a North-South divide. Instead, the German regions in the geographical mid show the highest clustering of low quality of life. In addition, the ESDA results are used to augment the regression specifications, which helps to avoid the occurrence of spatial dependencies in the residuals. The regression results indicate that soft location factors have half the impact on quality of life than hard economic factors.

关键词： Quality of life exploratory spatial data analysis Functional economic areas spatial econometrics and statistics LISA dummies

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Exploring spatial trends in Canadian incidence of hospitalization due to myocardial infarction with additional determinants of health

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PUBLIC HEALTH 2016年 140卷 136-143页

作者： Caswell, J. M. Laurentian Univ Neurosci Res Grp Sudbury ON Canada Laurentian Univ Human Studies PhD Program Sudbury ON Canada

Objectives: To explore the presence of spatial trends among rates of hospitalization due to myocardial infarction across health regions of Canada and the associated role of additional health determinants. Study design: An ecological study was conducted using aggregate data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information for age-standardized rates of myocardial infarction hospitalizations by health region in 2013. Methods: exploratory spatial data analyses were applied to myocardial infarction hospitalization rates including Moran's I for detecting global spatial autocorrelation. Local spatial dependence was examined using local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) to better identify the location of potential regional clusters. Linear and spatial regressions were applied to examine the role of additional health determinants. Results: Significant spatial autocorrelation was observed for hospitalizations due to myocardial infarction for both sexes, independently and combined. This was largely present in the form of geographic disparities with cold spot clusters of low rates in the west, particularly British Columbia, and hot spot clusters of high rates moving east, especially in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Additional disparities were observed with high rates clustered in Northern Ontario compared to clusters of low rates in Southern Ontario. Significant predictors included smoking, average income, education, and overweight or obesity and, after controlling for these, the central cold spot of low rates shifted east to Saskatchewan. Conclusions: The identification of spatial homogeneity suggests a necessity for better geographic-based preventive measures as determined by the varied needs of particular regions' communities. The demonstration that space matters in this context further indicates that spatial dependence should be included in additional investigations of myocardial infarction incidence and associated hospitalizations. (C) 2016 The Royal Soc

关键词： Myocardial infarction Hospitalization spatial regression exploratory spatial data analysis Cardiovascular health Canada

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Study on the economic disparity and convergence of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Study on the economic disparity and convergence of urban agg...

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2017 4th International Conference on Business,Economics and Management(BUSEM 2017)

作者： Chao Wen Jingjing Chen Department of Finance and Economics Guangdong University of Science and Technology

The economic gap is an important indicator of a regional economic development. This paper is about 31 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River City Group years from 2003 to 2013, a total of 11 years of data as the basis, using spatial difference index to analysis the gap between the economics of developing cities. While introduction of a spatial error model and a spatial lag model of the spatial regression analysis to provide theoretical support for the convergence of its economic development. Comprehensive measure the economic development coordination of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River City Group in the past 10 years to development the regions better in the future.

关键词： The Middle Reaches Of The Yangtze River City Group Economic Gap Convergence exploratory spatial data analysis spatial Error Model

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Geographical analysis of Lung Cancer Mortality Rate and PM2.5 Using Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth

Geographical Analysis of Lung Cancer Mortality Rate and PM2....

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Workshop 6 2017

作者： Zhiyong Hu Ethan Baker Department of Earth & Environmental Studies University of West Florida

Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5μm(PM) may increase risk of lung *** repetitive and broad-area coverage of satellites may allow atmospheric remote sensing to offer a unique opportunity to monitor air quality and help fill air pollution data gaps that hinder efforts to study air pollution and protect public *** geographical study explores if there is an association between PM and lung cancer mortality rate in the conterminous *** cancer（ICD-10 codes C34-C34） death count and population at risk by county were extracted for the period from 2001 to 2010 from the *** WONDER online *** 2001-2010 Global Annual Average PM Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset was used to calculate a 10 year average PM *** spatial data analyses,spatial regression（a spatial lag and a spatial error model）,and spatially extended Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation found that there is a significant positive association between lung cancer mortality rate and *** association would justify the need of further toxicological investigation of the biological mechanism of the adverse effect of the PM pollution on lung *** Global Annual Average PM Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset provides a continuous surface of concentrations of PM and is a useful data source for environmental health research.

关键词： Lung Cancer PM2.5 Remote Sensing GIS exploratory spatial data analysis spatial Regression Bayesian MCMC Simulation

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spatial-temporal evolution of the distribution pattern of river systems in the plain river network region of the Taihu Basin, China

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QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL 2016年第Jan.21期392卷 178-186页

作者： Deng, Xiaojun Xu, Youpeng Han, Longfei Yang, Mingnan Yang, Liu Song, Song Li, Guang Wang, Yuefeng Nanjing Univ Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Sch Environm Sci & Resources 15 Yucai Rd Guilin 541004 Guangxi Peoples R China

Understanding the spatial-temporal distribution characteristic and evolution tendency of river systems is important in integrated river basin management. In this paper, six indicators were adopted to describe the physical characteristic of river systems. The spatial-temporal evolution of the distribution pattern of river systems in the plain river network region of the Taihu Basin (PRNRTB) during the 1960s-2000s was analyzed using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and the gravity centre model. The impacts of urbanization were then investigated. Results indicated that the global distribution patterns of box dimension and river density were all statistically significant spatially clustered, and river sinuosity was partially spatially clustered, while water surface ratio, main river area length ratio and river development coefficient were not spatially clustered. Moreover, the water surface ratio was the most stable parameter, box dimension was also relatively stable parameter, but the others were unstable. Meanwhile, the mutual transformations of hot and cold spots of river systems especially water surface ratio, river development coefficient, and river sinuosity were frequent. The hot spot regions were mainly located in the northeast region. In addition, most gravity centres migrated gradually from southeast to northwest with low distance, except those of river development coefficient and river density. These aforementioned differences were caused by the rapid urbanization. Based on the integrated river basin management suggestions for PRNRTB, the river density, box dimension and river sinuosity should be maintained and restored across the whole watershed, and the river conservation and restoration should focus on countermeasures against the reduction of river development coefficient, and main attention should be paid on the river systems conserving and restoring in Haiyan and Haining in southeast PRNRTB. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

关键词： River systems Distribution pattern spatial-temporal evolution Impacts of urbanization exploratory spatial data analysis Taihu Basin

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