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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Subramanian, Krishna Maas, Johannes Borchers, Jan Rhein Westfal TH Aachen D-52074 Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367080

Data scientists experiment heavily with their code, compromising code quality to obtain insights faster. We observed ten data scientists perform hypothesis-driven data science tasks, and analyzed their coding, commenting, and analysis practice. We found that they have difficulty keeping track of their code experiments. When revisiting exploratory code to write production code later, they struggle to retrace their steps and capture the decisions made and insights obtained, and have to rerun code frequently. To address these issues, we designed TRACTUS, a system extending the popular RStudio IDE, that detects, tracks, and visualizes code experiments in hypothesisdriven data science tasks. TRACTUS helps recall decisions and insights by grouping code experiments into hypotheses, and structuring information like code execution output and documentation. Our user studies show how TRACTUS improves data scientists' workflows, and suggest additional opportunities for improvement. TRACTUS is available as an open source RStudio IDE addin at http://***- ***/tractus.

关键词： Data Science programming IDE exploratory programming Information visualization Observational study

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Managing Messes in Computational Notebooks 19

Managing Messes in Computational Notebooks

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Head, Andrew Hohman, Fred Barik, Titus Drucker, Steven M. DeLine, Robert Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA Microsoft Redmond WA USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359702

Data analysts use computational notebooks to write code for analyzing and visualizing data. Notebooks help analysts iteratively write analysis code by letting them interleave code with output, and selectively execute cells. However, as analysis progresses, analysts leave behind old code and outputs, and overwrite important code, producing cluttered and inconsistent notebooks. This paper introduces code gathering tools, extensions to computational notebooks that help analysts find, clean, recover, and compare versions of code in cluttered, inconsistent notebooks. The tools archive all versions of code outputs, allowing analysts to review these versions and recover the subsets of code that produced them. These subsets can serve as succinct summaries of analysis activity or starting points for new analyses. In a qualitative usability study, 12 professional analysts found the tools useful for cleaning notebooks and writing analysis code, and discovered new ways to use them, like generating personal documentation and lightweight versioning.

关键词： Computational notebooks messes clutter inconsistency exploratory programming code history program slicing

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Towards Effective Foraging by Data Scientists to Find Past Analysis Choices 19

Towards Effective Foraging by Data Scientists to Find Past A...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Kery, Mary Beth John, Bonnie E. O'Flaherty, Patrick Horvath, Amber Myers, Brad A. Carnegie Mellon Univ Human Comp Interact Inst 5000 Forbes Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Bloomberg LP 731 Lexington Ave New York NY 10022 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359702

Data scientists are responsible for the analysis decisions they make, but it is hard for them to track the process by which they achieved a result. Even when data scientists keep logs, it is onerous to make sense of the resulting large number of history records full of overlapping variants of code, output, plots, etc. We developed algorithmic and visualization techniques for notebook code environments to help data scientists forage for information in their history. To test these interventions, we conducted a think-aloud evaluation with 15 data scientists, where participants were asked to find specific information from the history of another person's data science project. The participants succeed on a median of 80% of the tasks they performed. The quantitative results suggest promising aspects of our design, while qualitative results motivated a number of design improvements. The resulting system, called Verdant, is released as an open-source extension for JupyterLab.

关键词： Literate programming exploratory programming Data Science End-User Programmers (EUP) End-User Software Engineering (EUSE)

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Interactions for Untangling Messy History in a Computational Notebook

Interactions for Untangling Messy History in a Computational...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Kery, Mary Beth Myers, Brad A. CMU Human Comp Interact Inst Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538642351

Experimentation through code is central to data scientists' work. Prior work has identified the need for interaction techniques for quickly exploring multiple versions of the code and the associated outputs. Yet previous approaches that provide history information have been challenging to scale: real use produces a high number of versions of different code and non-code artifacts with dependency relationships and a convoluted mix of different analysis intents. Prior work has found that navigating these records to pick out the relevant information for a given task is difficult and time consuming. We introduce Verdant, a new system with a novel versioning model to support fast retrieval and sensemaking of messy version data. Verdant provides light-weight interactions for comparing, replaying, and tracing relationships among many versions of different code and non-code artifacts in the editor. We implemented Verdant into Jupyter Notebooks, and validated the usability of Verdant's interactions through a usability study.

关键词： exploratory programming versioning data science

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A Domain-Specific Language for exploratory Data Visualization 2018

A Domain-Specific Language for Exploratory Data Visualizatio...

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17th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE) part of the SPLASH Collection of Conferences and Workshops

作者： Smeltzer, Karl Erwig, Martin Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450360456

With an ever-growing amount of collected data, the importance of visualization as an analysis component is growing in concert. The creation of good visualizations often doesn't happen in one step but is rather an iterative and exploratory process. However, this process is currently not well supported in most of the available visualization tools and systems. Visualization authors are forced to commit prematurely to particular design aspects of their creations, and when exploring potential variant visualizations, they are forced to adopt ad hoc techniques such as copying code snippets or keeping a collection of separate files. We propose variational visualizations as a model supporting open-ended exploration of the design space of information visualization. Together with that model, we present a prototype implementation in the form of a domain-specific language embedded in Purescript.

关键词： Data Visualization exploratory programming

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Lightweight, Generative Variant Exploration for High-Performance Graphics Applications

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2016年第3期51卷 141-150页

作者： Selgrad, Kai Lier, Alexander Koeferl, Franz Stamminger, Marc Lohmann, Daniel Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Erlangen Germany

Rendering performance is an everlasting goal of computer graphics and significant driver for advances in both, hardware architecture and algorithms. Thereby, it has become possible to apply advanced computer graphics technology even in low-cost embedded appliances, such as car instruments. Yet, to come up with an efficient implementation, developers have to put enormous efforts into hardware/problem-specific tailoring, fine-tuning, and domain exploration, which requires profound expert knowledge. If a good solution has been found, there is a high probability that it does not work as well with other architectures or even the next hardware generation. Generative DSL-based approaches could mitigate these efforts and provide for an efficient exploration of algorithmic variants and hardware-specific tuning ideas. However, in vertically organized industries, such as automotive, suppliers are reluctant to introduce these techniques as they fear loss of control, high introduction costs, and additional constraints imposed by the OEM with respect to software and tool-chain certification. Moreover, suppliers do not want to share their generic solutions with the OEM, but only concrete instances. To this end, we propose a light-weight and incremental approach for meta programming of graphics applications. Our approach relies on an existing formulation of C-like languages that is amenable to meta programming, which we extend to become a lightweight language to combine algorithmic features. Our method provides a concise notation for meta programs and generates easily sharable output in the appropriate C-style target language.

关键词： algorithms experimentation languages performance exploratory programming general purpose code generation prototyping ray tracing

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Lightweight, Generative Variant Exploration for High-Performance Graphics Applications 2015

Lightweight, Generative Variant Exploration for High-Perform...

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14th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative-programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE) co-located with SPLASH Conference

作者： Selgrad, Kai Lier, Alexander Koeferl, Franz Stamminger, Marc Lohmann, Daniel Kastner, Christian Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450336871

关键词： exploratory programming general purpose code generation prototyping ray tracing

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Slisp: A Flexible Software Toolkit for Hybrid, Embedded and Distributed Applications

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Software: Practice and Experience 1999年第1期27卷

作者： JAMES F. BRINKLEY JEFFREY S. PROTHERO Structural Informatics Group Digital Anatomist Program Department of Biological Structure Box 357420 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A. (email: brinkley@u.washington.edu jsp@biostr.washington.edu)

We describe Slisp (pronounced ‘Ess-Lisp’), a hybrid Lisp–C programming toolkit for the development of scriptable and distributed applications. Computationally expensive operations implemented as separate C-coded modules are selectively compiled into a small Xlisp interpreter, then called as Lisp functions in a Lisp-coded program. The resulting hybrid program may run in several modes: as a stand-alone executable, embedded in a different C program, as a networked server accessed from another Slisp client, or as a networked server accessed from a C-coded client. Five years of experience with Slisp, as well experience with other scripting languages such as Tcl and Perl, are summarized. These experiences suggest that Slisp will be most useful for mid-sized applications in which the kinds of scripting and embeddability features provided by Tcl and Perl can be extended in an efficient manner to larger applications, while maintaining a well-defined standard (Common Lisp) for these extensions. In addition, the generality of Lisp makes Lisp a good candidate for an application-level communication language in distributed environments. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： exploratory programming hybrid programming Lisp C Xlisp World Wide Web scripting languages

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Slisp: A flexible software toolkit for hybrid, embedded and distributed applications

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1997年第1期27卷 33-48页

作者： Brinkley, JF Prothero, JS Structural Informatics Group Digital Anatomist Program University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States

We describe Slisp (pronounced 'Ess-Lisp'), a hybrid Lisp-C programming toolkit for the development of scriptable and distributed applications. Computationally expensive operations implemented as separate C-coded modules are selectively compiled into a small Xlisp interpreter, then called as Lisp functions in a Lisp-coded program. The resulting hybrid program may run in several modes: as a stand-alone executable, embedded in a different C program, as a networked server accessed from another Slisp client, or as a networked server accessed from a C-coded client. Five years of experience with Slisp, as well experience with other scripting languages such as Tcl and Perl are summarized. These experiences suggest that Slisp will be most useful for mid-sized applications in which the kinds of scripting and embeddability features provided by Tcl and Perl can be extended in an efficient manner to larger applications, while maintaining a well-defined standard (Common Lisp) for these extensions. In addition, the generality of Lisp makes Lisp a good candidate for an application-level communication language in distributed environments.

关键词： exploratory programming hybrid programming Lisp C Xlisp World Wide Web scripting languages

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Toolset to support a systematic strategy for AI development

Toolset to support a systematic strategy for AI development

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7th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (TAI 95)

作者： Siddiqi, J Morrey, I SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIV CTR RES COMPSHEFFIELD S1 1WBS YORKSHIREENGLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0818673125

AI developments have been based on an exploratory approach whereas software engineering approaches can be characterised as specification based. We present an integrated toolset that accommodates and encourages a mixed mode development thereby maximising the strengths and minimising the weaknesses of both approaches. Moreover, the interactive nature of the toolset provides an effective means to validate the adequacy of the developing system.

关键词： formal specification exploratory programming validation

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