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156 dB low-voltage low-power CMOS exponential function generator circuit

INTEGRATION-THE VLSI JOURNAL 2025年 102卷

作者： Popa, Cosmin Radu Univ Politehn Bucuresti Fac Elect Telecommun & Informat Technol Bucharest Romania

An original exponential function generator is presented, the original approach allowing to extremely accurate approximate the exponential function. The circuit output dynamic range is approximately 156 dB, for a maximal approximation error equal with 1 dB. The new proposed method uses a very precise superior-order approximation function, which is developed for requiring a very ressonable hardware resources for its implementation in CMOS technology. For further improving the accuracy of the proposed function generator circuit, an additional new method using a convenient variable changing is used. The proposed computational structure is designed for low-voltage low-power operation. The circuit is supplied at 1.1 V and its maximal power consumption is approximately 5 mu W. The computational structure is developed for implementing in 0.18 mu TSMC CMOS process, the approximately area being 1600 mu m2. The SPICE simulations of the exponential function generator operation confirm the theoretical estimated results.

关键词： exponential function generator Approximation function CMOS current mode Translinear loop Output dynamic range

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A High-Accurate exponential function generator Based on a New Pseudo-Approximation Method by TLBO Optimization Algorithm

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CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2018年第4期37卷 1407-1421页

作者： Ghanavati, Behzad Abiri, Ebrahim Salehi, Mohammad Reza Shiraz Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shiraz Iran

A compact and low-voltage CMOS exponential function generator circuit based on a new pseudo-approximation method is designed in 180-nm CMOS standard technology. The proposed approximation method is based on the TLBO evolutionary algorithm and shows a close characteristic to the ideal exponential function behavior over wide input range. Simulation results using HSPICE validate the theoretical analysis and verify the efficiency of proposed circuit which shows more than 66 dB output dynamic voltage range while the error is less than . The total power consumption is below 0.17 mW with a power supply.

关键词： CMOS analog integrated circuit exponential function generator New pseudo-exponential approximation Evolutionary algorithm TLBO

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A new low-power compact 86db linear range exponential function generator and its application in a VGA

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ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2019年第3期99卷 483-490页

作者： Pourabdollah, Mahdieye Analog Integrated Circuit Design Res Lab Tabriz Iran

This paper presents a new low-power exponential function generator based on the first three terms of a Taylor series. This generator is used in a VGA which provides approximately 86db of gain-range for that VGA in general. Power consumption of the exponential function generator is about (105-172)mu W in maximum and minimum modes of its operation. Comparing with other reported VGAs, the whole VGA+exponential function generator+bias circuit dissipates less power which is about (576-650)mu W in maximum and minimum modes of its operation. The 86db gain-range of the VGA spans from -24 to 62db. This circuit and another VGA without using the exponential current have been designed in TSMC RF 0.18m and the results have been compared. The layout of the circuit has also been carried out in Cadence and demonstrates that the exponential function generator and the whole VGA+exponential function generator occupy 23 mu mx18 mu m (0.0004mil2) and 0.0017mil2 of die area respectively. The post-layout-simulation of the circuit was also fulfilled and the results are displayed.

关键词： VGA exponential function generator Gain-range Low-power Linear-in-db Layout

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A new CMOS pseudo approximation exponential function generator by modified particle swarm optimization algorithm

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INTEGRATION-THE VLSI JOURNAL 2017年第Jan.期56卷 70-76页

作者： Kaboli, Milad Ghanavati, Behzad Akhlaghi, Majid Islamic Azad Univ Coll Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn Omidiyeh Branch Omidiyeh Iran

A low-voltage CMOS current-input voltage-output exponential function generator is presented. The proposed circuit is based on a new pseudo approximation method. The coefficients of the proposed approximation function are calculated by using modified PSO evolutionary algorithm. HSPICE simulation results for 180 nm CMOS standard technology are provided. The simulation results show that the achieved output voltage dynamic range is more than 65 dB with the linearity error less than +/- 0.5 dB. The total power consumption is below 0.17 mW with +/- 0.75 V power supply.

关键词： CMOS analog integrated circuit exponential function generator New pseudo exponential approximation Modified PSO evolutionary algorithm MPSO

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A New Implementation for the Logarithmic/exponential function generator

A New Implementation for the Logarithmic/Exponential Functio...

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International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher Tassaduq, Noman Ali King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Box 203 Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479961207

This paper presents two new approximations for the logarithmic and exponential functions. These approximations require only a square rooter function, a scalar function and a constant. Thus, the realization of these functions in current-mode is simple, straightforward and uses less number of transistors. Simulation results obtained using the Tanner simulation software from Tanner EDA in 0.35 mu m standard CMOS technology show that the logarithmic and exponential functions can be obtained with good accuracy over a wide range of the input variable.

关键词： logarithmic function generator exponential function generator

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CMOS Current-Mode exponential/Logarithmic function generator Based on Translinear Loop Configuration 42

CMOS Current-Mode Exponential/Logarithmic Function Generator...

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42nd International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)

作者： Yildiz, Hacer A. Kouhalvandi, Lida Ozoguz, Serdar Istanbul Tech Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781728118642

In this paper, CMOS realizations of exponential function generators are considered and it is shown that the inherent square-law characteristic of the CMOS can be effectively used to produce the required exponential characteristic. While many of the existing exponential function generators rely on complicated coefficient settings procedure, in order approach, the circuit inherently realizes the required approximating function. However, the additional errors due to square-law model limitation can be alleviated by using so-called cascade realization technique. The functionality of the design is confirmed with 65 nm CMOS process technology with +/- 0.5 V power supply in saturation region. In this design the power dissipation is 150 mu W. Simulation results proves the correctness of the theoretical analysis and proves the viability of the proposed structure.

关键词： exponential function generator CMOS current mode design translinear loop approximation error

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A 10 Gb/s Inductorless AGC Amplifier With 40 dB Linear Variable Gain Control in 0.13 μm CMOS

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 2016年第2期51卷 440-456页

作者： Ray, Sagar Hella, Mona Mostafa Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12180 USA

This work presents an inductorless, 10 Gbps automatic gain control (AGC) circuit including a speed enhanced variable gain amplifier (VGA), a power detector, a comparator, and a novel exponential function generator for extended dB-linear performance. Third-order interleaved feedback technique is utilized in the current steering VGA stage to achieve 10 Gb/s operation without using on-chip inductors. A stagger-tuned switching architecture for CMOS exponential function generation is proposed to achieve a dB-linear gain control range of similar to 40 dB with better than +/- 1 dB gain error. The relationship between tuning range and approximation error is analyzed and a novel current ratio generator circuit is proposed to implement the approximation functions in the current domain. The AGC circuit achieves a highest data rate of 10 Gb/s for 2(31)-1 PRBS input, maintaining 360 mV(p-p) constant differential output with a BER < 10(-12) for an input dynamic range of similar to 24 dB (15-240 mV(p-p)). Fabricated in IBM 0.13 mu m CMOS technology, the chip draws 50 mW from a 1.2 V power supply (excluding the output buffer) and occupies an active area of 0.4 mm(2).

关键词： Automatic gain control (AGC) dB-linear gain control exponential function generator third-order interleaved feedback variable gain amplifier (VGA)

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High-accuracy function synthesizer circuit with applications in signal processing

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2012年第1期2012卷 1页

作者： Popa, Cosmin Univ Politehn Bucuresti Fac Elect Telecommun & Informat Technol Bucharest Romania

An original low-voltage current-mode high-accuracy function synthesizer circuit will be presented, allowing to implement a multitude of continuous mathematical functions. The dynamic range is strongly extended as a result of the superior-order approximation of the implemented functions. The current-mode operation and the independence of the circuit performances on technological parameters are responsible for an additional improvement of structure accuracy. The advantages of reduced design costs per function represent an immediate consequence of the multiple functions realized by the proposed structure. The approximation error of the original function synthesizer circuit is 0.3% for an extended range of the input signal. The function synthesizer is designed for implementing in 0.18 mu m CMOS technology and it is supplied at 1 V. An original application of the proposed function synthesizer circuit is represented by a new fourth-order approximation exponential function generator, having a dynamic range of approximately 33 dB, for an error smaller than 1 dB.

关键词： Signal synthesizing Approximation error exponential function generator Current-mode operation Continuous mathematical function CMOS analog designs

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Low-voltage FGMOS based analog building blocks

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MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL 2011年第6期42卷 903-912页

作者： Gupta, Maneesha Pandey, Rishikesh Thapar Univ Elect & Commun Engn Dept Patiala 147004 Punjab India Netaji Subhas Inst Technol Elect & Commun Engn Dept New Delhi 110078 India

Novel floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS) based low-voltage analog circuits such as current-to-voltage converter, current-mode divider and pseudo-exponential function generator are proposed in this paper. The inherent advantages of these circuits are their simplicity, accuracy and low power dissipation. The current-to-voltage converter is operated with a single power supply of 0.9 V. The current-mode divider and pseudo-exponential function generator are operated at supply voltages of +/- 0.9 V. It was observed that the power dissipation of the current-to-voltage converter is reduced to 12 mu W using a single power supply. The power dissipations of the current-mode divider and pseudo-exponential function generator are found to be 356 and 471 mu W, respectively. The proposed circuits are simulated using SPICE in 0.5 mu m CMOS process technology to demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed circuits. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Current-to-voltage converter Current-mode divider Floating gate MOSFETs Low-voltage exponential function generator

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YIELD AND TRANSIENT EFFECTS DURING THE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION OF SOLID POLYMERS

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 1981年第7期16卷 1956-1974页

作者： GSELL, C JONAS, JJ MCGILL UNIV DEPT MIN & MET ENGN MONTREAL H3A 2A7 QUEBEC CANADA

Tensile tests were performed on seven commercial polymers at 22° C and at constant true strain rates of 10−4 to 10−1 sec−1. The constant strain rates were imposed on the minimum section of each sample with the aid of a diametral transducer, an exponential function generator and a closed-loop hydraulic testing machine. The polymers investigated were: high and low density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene. polyvinylchloride and polyamide 6 and 66. True yield drops were observed in the rigid glassy polymers, whereas yielding was more gradual in the semi-crystalline or plasticized polymers. Strain rate change tests were also performed, during which one order of magnitude increases and decreases were imposed on the specimens. “Normal” transients were observed at small strains in the samples containing a rubbery phase, while the transients were of an “inverse” nature in the samples containing a glassy phase. With an increase in the strain at which the change was initiated, the “normal” transients changed in character to “inverse”. Transient tests were also performed in which straining was interrupted to permit a period of stress relaxation or of holding in the unloaded condition prior to the resumption of straining. A quantitative model is proposed, based on the dynamics of plastic waves which accounts for the transition from “normal” to “inverse” transient behaviour with increasing strain, and also explains the opposite effects of stress relaxation and of specimen unloading on the restraining transients.

关键词： Stress Relaxation Constant Strain Rate Glassy Polymer Hydraulic Testing exponential function generator

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