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作者： forrester, Kellie University of California Santa Barbara

学位级别：Ph.D.

The United States has experienced several sectoral shifts over the last hundred years, a shift from agriculture to manufacturing, manufacturing to services, and within these sectors the shift from the home sector to the market sector. These shifts have been attributed in the literature to different sectoral productivity growth rates. It is likely that these sectoral re-allocations have far reaching impacts on economic indicators we measure. My dissertation concerns the effect of the difference in productivity growth rates across sectors on the market to home hours ratio, sectoral employment trends for men and women, and the consumption to output ratio as measured in the National Income and Product Accounts. The first chapter of my dissertation focuses broadly on the ten percentage point increase in the consumption to output ratio since the 1950's. There has been much speculation from the popular press that this increase implies that Americans are consuming beyond their means and that this path of consumption is unsustainable. Economists who have researched this trend can account for part of the increase through an increase in the depreciation rate and decline in the population growth rate. Both imply that a necessary condition for an increasing consumption to output ratio is the economy must be in transition to a new balanced growth path. I find that balanced growth is an unnecessary condition, and the important aspect of the economy to model to capture this trend is the home sector. The home sector is not included in the National Income and Product Accounts, but it produces consumption goods that have many close substitutes with the market sector. After 1950, the growth rate of market total factor productivity was greater than the growth rate of home total factor productivity and hours of work shifted from the home sector to the market sector. Unmeasured home goods were replaced by measured market substitutes and since home consumption and production is not include

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , D y n a m i c s , E c o n o m i c g r o w t h , f e m a l e l a

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Subnational public finance in China: The nature,causes,and consequences of the 1994 fiscal reforms

Subnational public finance in China: The nature,causes,and c...

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作者： Lee,You Jeong University of Hawaii

学位级别：Doctor

This dissertation aims to explain the nature,cause,and consequence of informal fiscal decentralization in China since 1994. The 1994 tax reforms intended to strengthen the central government taxing power by increasing tax revenue through the tax assignment system. China also prohibited local government debt taking,while increasing intergovernmental transfers between the central government and local government. These series of China's centralization reforms in 1994 have realized uneven success. Central government tax revenue was improved significantly. However,local government still takes debt through the financial platform companies. The increased intergovernmental transfers did not decrease regional disparity,which is one of the goals of the central government. These are the unintended consequence of the centralization reform that this study tries to account for. This study shows that revenue centralization unintentionally aggravates problems of local public finance. While maintaining the budget balance according to budget law,local government has carried out competitive economic growth and expenditure management. The ability to manage expenditure and attract investment is the criteria employed to evaluate the accomplishment of local leaders. This study finds that prohibition of local government debt in China is constrained by their social network. This norm influences the strategy of local governments to increase their debt taking beyond the realm of formal rules under the competitive environment. This study also demonstrates that centralization of revenue made local governments increasingly resort to intergovernmental transfers,which in turn fail to reduce inequality across jurisdictions. This study argues that an informally decentralized state reduces the merits of the decentralization. The informal consequence of the political and fiscal systems in China result in local leaders that acquire the medium level of change in power,while pursuing fiscal decentralizat

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , C h i n a , D e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n , T a x r e f o r m s

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Exploring the U.S. aerospace industry strategic leadership's shaping of cultural assumptions for continuous success in the 21st century: An exploratory qualitative inquiry

Exploring the U.S. aerospace industry strategic leadership's...

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作者： Hosa,Pavel,Ph.D. Capella University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The U.S. aerospace industry strategic leadership fails domestically and internationally, not managing employee thinking and behavior for continuous success in the 21st century. The problem addressed in this study was to understand the key processes and principles involved in the strategic leadership's shaping of cultural assumptions that may contribute to the industry's failure. The qualitative study explored the shaping of cultural assumptions, as it relates to the organization's relationship to the larger society, in terms of the nature of reality and truth, the nature of human nature, the nature of human activity, and the nature of human relationships for continuous success in the 21 st century. The study was guided by Scharmer's (2009) theory U, leading from the emerging future in relation to transformative change, stressing the needs to think and act differently, Gharajedaghi's (2011) systems theory, and Schein's (2010, 2013) findings on cultural assumptions and humble inquiry. The research question asked, "How does the U.S. aerospace industry's strategic leadership identify experiences affecting the shaping of cultural assumptions for continuous success in the 21 st century?" The study utilized an exploratory qualitative inquiry that enabled access to the personal experiences of 20 U.S. aerospace industry strategic leaders. Themes and patterns were identified in a data set through inductive analysis. The findings matched the reviewed literature and revealed scarce successful attempts to lead from the emerging future through cultural assumptions shaped for continuous success. The findings encourage the majority of the U.S. aerospace industry strategic leadership to overcome internal blockage and initiate a transformative change to avoid organization declines. The successful strategic leaders in the study support the need for co-creating continuous success in the 21 st century.

关键词： E m e r g i n g f u t u r e , H u m b l e i n q u i r y , L e a d i n g f r o m e m e r

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The family Business Succession Model: An exploratory analysis of factors impacting family business succession preparedness

The Family Business Succession Model: An exploratory analysi...

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作者： Coffman, Brett A. Kansas State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The efficient operation and succession of family owned businesses plays a critical role in our national economic health. This study was built upon the family Business Succession Model, which is based on family systems theory. The impact of owner characteristics, enterprise characteristics, business formalizing activities, family influence, access to resources, and external environmental conditions, all on the extensiveness of family business succession preparedness, was assessed. These results were moderated by the generation of the business. With an exploratory and descriptive methodology, primary survey data were obtained from family business owners in Missouri, Illinois, and Kansas. Research results provide family business advisors with important insight for developing recommendations around improving the extensiveness of family business succession preparedness, provide important policy implications, and serve as a basis for additional theory development in family business succession planning.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , P s y c h o l o g y , B u s i n e s s f o r m a l i t y , f a m i

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Personality and spirituality as risk and protective factors for suicide and self-injury proneness among sexual minority adults

Personality and spirituality as risk and protective factors ...

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作者： Stroud, Caroline H. Sam Houston State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Previous studies have considered the extent to which personality traits, from a five-factor Model Perspective, are inextricably linked to outcomes related to suicide and self-injury (Bagby, Joffe, Parker, Kalemba, & Harkness, 1995). Sexual minorities, or lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are at increased risk for suicide and self-injury (Bolton & Sareen, 2011), but no studies have considered how personality traits influence suicide and self-injury among LGB individuals. Additionally, research shows that spiritual practices and religious faith are protective against negative outcomes in heterosexuals (Gearing & Lizardi, 2009), but little research has considered the role of faith among LGB adults. The present study sought to clarify such theoretical gaps. It was hypothesized that personality traits would predict suicide and self-injury proneness, and that spirituality variables, Spiritual Life Integration and Social Justice Commitment, would interact with such traits to attenuate risk for suicide and self-injury. Participants in the present study were 336 LGB adult community members. Results confirmed prior personality theory and uniquely found that Openness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion interacted with spirituality variables to attenuate risk, such that high levels of each trait and high levels of spirituality were protective against suicide and self-injury proneness. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations, are discussed. KEY WORDS: five-factor Model, Personality theory, Suicide, Self-injury, Sexual Minorities.

关键词： f i v e - f a c t o r M o d e l , P e r s o n a l i t y t h e o r y , S u i c i d e , S e l f -

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Essays on failure management of nonprofit organizations

Essays on failure management of nonprofit organizations

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作者： Lee,Junesoo,Ph.D. State University of New York

学位级别：Ph.D.

No matter how well an organization is managed, we face some inevitable failures such as deficient volunteers, excess demands for service, unstable grants, etc. Paradoxically however, successful organizations have been using their failures creatively. Beyond such successful use of failure, can benefits of failure be systematically described? What would be the generic ways to benefit from failure? In order to answer that question, three essays were written with the following details. Essay 1 is an attempt to explore the ways to systematically describe benefits of failure in general management context. To make a preliminary conceptual framework of failure management, grounded theory and literature review were employed as the methods. As a result of analysis, sixteen propositions that represent the sixteen different ways to benefit from failure were identified. Essay 2 and 3 are confirmatory studies to test the internal and external validity of the failure management framework especially in nonprofit contexts. As a first stage of such validation, Essay 2 used secondary data of nonprofit cases to test if nonprofits' failure management can be systematically described through the failure management framework. Essay 3 went one more step from Essay 2 to validate the failure management framework by using primary data on nonprofits' failure management. By following the research procedure as above, it turned out that nonprofits' failure management can be systematically described by using the failure management framework. And the empirical analyses on nonprofits cases also revealed some significant patterns of how nonprofits use their failures and challenges. finally this study concludes with the research questions that address some emerging patterns and underlying mechanisms of failure management behind the sixteen propositions of failure management.

关键词： C r i s i s , f a i l u r e , L e a r n i n g , N o n p r o f i t , R i s k , S t r a t e

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The immanent logic of human experience': Reading Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit after Lacan's 'Logical Time' essay

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TEXTUAL PRACTICE 2013年第7期27卷 1149-1175页

作者： Stark, Robert Univ Exeter Exeter EX4 4QJ Devon England

The progression of Consciousness in Hegel's Phenomenology is usually understood as either a logical (McTaggart) or temporal (Marx) succession. Beginning in the twentieth century, phenomenological readings (Merleau-Ponty) have sought to reconcile these two competing data. Lacan's Logical Time and the Assertion of Anticipated Certainty: A New Sophism' may be read as a response to Hegel's dialectic in this tradition. It describes in allegorical form the progression of Consciousness through three distinct rational phases that correspond to the most basic phases of Hegel's dialectic. Crucially, this succession depends on strictly irrational elements. Doubt, and its manifestation in the momentary hesitation of the subject, proves instrumental in the emergence of identity and takes on a positive rational value. Lacan's concept of Logical Time synthesizes the equally important imperatives of Logic and Time that alone permit the emergence of a fully adaptive reason, and the higher forms of Consciousness that are predicated upon it.

关键词： Jacques Lacan G W f Hegel phenomenology time logic

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Personal characteristics and learning preferences in end-of-life decision making of chronically ill community dwelling elders

Personal characteristics and learning preferences in end-of-...

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作者： Bonney, Leigh Ann Illinois State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Purpose and Background: Clear decision-making (DM) about end-of-life [EOL] contributes to a good death This requires knowledge of life-sustaining treatment with lack of knowledge contributing to feelings of decisional conflict Decision aids can increase knowledge, but elders' preferred learning methods are unknown. Identifying characteristics associated with preferred learning method and decisional conflict can help nurses tailor information to assist in end-of-life (EOL) DM . The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with EOL DM in chronically ill community-dwelling elders Conceptual framework: The Ottawa Decision Support framework (O'Connor, 2006). Method: Exploratory, descriptive study using paper or online surveys with a convenience sample of community dwelling, chronically ill elders over age 75. Survey included: Population Needs Assessment, Newest Vital Sign assessment [health literacy], Symptom Distress Scale, and the 16-item Decisional Conflict Scale Research questions are: a) What patient characteristics are associated with decisional conflict about EOL DM? b) What factors are associated with preferences for decision aid to assist EOL care learning? c) What is the feasibility of using an online survey methodology? Results: N =115 [15 online, 100 paper surveys]. Participants were Caucasian, predominately female [68.7%] with a mean age of 81.6. Most felt they were adequately knowledgeable about EOL options [78.3%] and treatment [78.8%]. Decision support preferences were booklets/pamphlets [22.6%] and discussion with healthcare providers [58.3%]. Education beyond high school was significantly associated with lower decisional conflict [R2 = __ . p = .017]. High School or lower education was associated with preferences for booklet/pamphlet decision aid [p=.039]. No statistically significant associations among characteristics and preferences for discussion with healthcare providers. fifteen surveys were completed online out of 74 instances of su

关键词： E n d o f l i f e , d e c i s i o n m a k i n g , d e c i s i o n a l c o n f l i c t . N

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Video segmentation into background and foreground using simplified mean-shift filter and clustering

Video segmentation into background and foreground using simp...

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作者： Sinha,Sudhanshu Kumar,D.S. Bowie State University

学位级别：D.S.

Video Segmentation decomposes image frames into background and foreground. In this dissertation,a combination of simplified mean-shift filter and clustering are used in modeling the background. After computing the mean shift values,a histogram clustering is applied and then each test pixel is compared with each cluster. The most common models used for background estimation are mixture of Gaussian (MOG),Kernel Density Estimation (KDE),etc. Comparison of the proposed approach with some of the aforementioned models have been made and it was observed that a relatively simple model using a simplified Mean-shift computation and Histogram clustering can produce results that are comparable to those obtained by other methods. The proposed approach was tested on video data obtained from Wallflower test images from its source website and also the video data captured from Bowie State University cameras. The results are encouraging and show the validity of this approach for background modeling.

关键词： B a c k g r o u n d s u b t r a c t i o n , C l u s t e r i n g , f o r e g r o u n d d e t e c

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Comercio Justo and Justice: An Examination of fair Trade

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REVIEW Of RADICAL POLITICAL ECONOMICS 2013年第4期45卷 489-500页

作者： Stenn, Tamara Keene State Coll Keene NH 03435 USA

The paper examines the theoretical basis of fair trade as justice. Grounded largely in the work of Amartya Sen, it looks at the origins, motivations, and elements of fair trade. fair trade is examined as a potentially transformational form of justice. The intellectual merit of this paper is to examine how fair trade outcomes advance our theoretical understanding of justice. The broader impact is to create a dialogue around understanding fair trade which can lead to further development of just and equitable trade systems worldwide.

关键词： fair trade justice globalization humanistic economics development P O f

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