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The many quiet tensions: Perceptions of the broader impacts criterion held by NSf career award holders at very high research institutions of higher education

The many quiet tensions: Perceptions of the broader impacts ...

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作者： Hallinen,Judith R.,Ed.D. University of Pennsylvania

学位级别：Ed.D.

This research explores the intersection of several truths: 1) American research universities are complex organizations with long-standing traditions that guide faculty behavior. 2) for the US to remain competitive in the global economy,education systems must prepare a diverse STEM workforce to conduct innovative research and development activities. Educators,students,and all citizens must understand the importance of and pathway to STEM careers. 3) faculty rely on external funds to support their research. 4) The US government distributes tax dollars to support university research activities. The National Science foundation (NSf) allocates the second largest percentage of federal research funds. 5) The NSf proposal review process includes Intellectual Merit and Broader Impacts Criteria,through which faculty must address areas of national need. These realities are merged in the experiences of new faculty in engineering colleges at research universities in the United States. Junior faculty members who hold a prestigious NSf faculty Early Career Development or CAREER award frequently struggle to develop a broader impacts strategy that satisfies the expectations of NSf and the expectations of their university. This work examined broader impacts from three perspectives: CAREER awardees from four institutions,faculty and staff who assist awardees with broader impacts planning and implementation,and current and former NSf officials who clarified the Agency's intent in maintaining broader impacts as a factor in distributing funds. The findings revealed many tensions or inconsistencies. Broader impacts is described as "annunciating existing behavior" or as a mechanism to "change the mindset" of faculty. faculty perceptions,attitudes and behaviors are shaped by messages,often conflicting,that are sent by NSf and colleagues. CAREER holders had positive opinions of broader impacts but provided many different explanations of the intent. Their combined comments suggest changes tha

关键词： B r o a d e r i m p a c t s c r i t e r i o n , f a c u l t y a t t i t u d e s , f e d e r a

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Process subversion in Agile Scrum software development: A phenomenological approach

Process subversion in Agile Scrum software development: A ph...

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作者： Malone,Michael W.,Ph.D. Capella University

学位级别：Ph.D.

This qualitative study examined the ways in which process subversion,defined as any attempt,conscious or unconscious,to work around,ignore,or turn to one's own purposes an established process,occurs in Scrum software development. Scrum is a software development methodology that uses self-managing teams and a well-defined process but does not dictate developer practices. It has been shown in previous research that problems with Scrum can cause issues with productivity and software quality. This descriptive phenomenological study specifically examined the ways in which process subversion was experienced by Scrum Masters. The Scrum Master is a coach and facilitator to the development team in Scrum. The study revealed a wide variety of perceptions of the Scrum Master's role as well as sources of subversion ranging from individuals on the development team to the structure of the organization. The study also revealed the creativity used by some Scrum Master in responding to such subversion. This study is important because it fills a gap in the extant literature in dealing with the problems that occur when an organization attempts to use Scrum as its development process,and provides insights that may be helpful in either mitigating the effects of such subversion or preventing it outright.

关键词： A g i l e , P r o c e s s , S c r u m , S c r u m m a s t e r , S e l f - m a n a g i n g t e a

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Do Responsible Investment Indices Improve Corporate Social Responsibility? fTSE4Good's Impact on Environmental Management

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW 2013年第5期21卷 495-512页

作者： Mackenzie, Craig Rees, William Rodionova, Tatiana Univ Edinburgh Sch Business Edinburgh EH8 9JS Midlothian Scotland Univ Edinburgh Ctr Business & Climate Change Edinburgh EH8 9JS Midlothian Scotland Univ Edinburgh Sch Business Doctoral Programme Edinburgh EH8 9JS Midlothian Scotland Univ Amsterdam Sch Business NL-1012 WX Amsterdam Netherlands

Manuscript Empirical Research Question/Issue f index but failed to meet enhanced requirements were subject to both engagement by f and the threat of expulsion from the index. We examine the combined effect of these actions, estimate the contribution of both elements separately, and the influence of concentrated equity ownership, corporate governance, and the institutional environment. We also evaluate whether the effect is persistent or transitory. Research findings/Insightsfor a sample of 1,029 firms from 21 countries, our findings demonstrate that engagement combined with the threat of expulsion from the f index doubles the probability that a firm failing to meet the environmental management criteria in 2002 would comply by 2005. Our results contribute to the understanding of the complexities of governance, where decision makers are constrained or influenced by equity holders, the firm's governance system, institutional arrangements, and collective engagement by institutional equity holders. Our findings are consistent with both institutional and agency issues impacting on decision making. Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study suggests that engagement via a responsible investment index reinforced by the threat of public expulsion from the index provides an effective route for large-scale collaborative investor engagement on corporate social responsibility issues targeting large and internationally diverse firms. It also demonstrates why regulators may wish to encourage engagement of this type to achieve social benefits.

关键词： Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Environmental Management f Investor Engagement Responsible Investment Indices

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Efficiency of mechanisms in complex markets

Efficiency of mechanisms in complex markets

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作者： Syrgkanis, Vasileios Cornell University

学位级别：Ph.D.

We provide a unifying theory for the analysis and design of efficient simple mechanisms for allocating resources to strategic players, with guaranteed good properties even when players participate in many mechanisms simultaneously or sequentially and even when they use learning algorithms to identify how to play and have incomplete information about the parameters of the game. These properties are essential in large scale markets, such as electronic marketplaces, where mechanisms rarely run in isolation and the environment is too complex to assume that the market will always converge to the classic economic equilibrium or that the participants will have full knowledge of the competition. We propose the notion of a smooth mechanism, and show that smooth mechanisms possess all the aforementioned desiderata in large scale markets. We further give guarantees for smooth mechanisms even when players have budget constraints on their payments. We provide several examples of smooth mechanisms and show that many simple mechanisms used in practice are smooth (such as formats of position auctions, uniform price auctions, proportional bandwidth allocation mechanisms, greedy combinatorial auctions). We give algorithmic characterizations of which resource allocation algorithms lead to smooth mechanisms when accompanied by appropriate payment schemes and show a strong connection with greedy algorithms on matroids. Last we show how inefficiencies of mechanisms can be alleviated when the market grows large in a canonical manner.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , A p p l i e d s c i e n c e s , P r i c e o f a n a r c h y ,

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Leadership requirements for successful large-scale cultural change using continuous process improvement methods: A mixed methods research study

Leadership requirements for successful large-scale cultural ...

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作者： McPolin, Matthew James Colorado Technical University

学位级别：D.M.

The once great American manufacturing and service organization is in jeopardy. Quality effective leadership is absent or declining across American organizations while the United States economy struggles to emerge from turmoil unlike anything we have seen since the great depression. In the wake of these leadership and economic calamities many organizational leaders have turned to continuous process improvement strategies and techniques to restore their financial and operational competitiveness. If not led effectively these large-scale organizational and cultural transformations may fail and organizational effectiveness along with them. Organizational leaders carry the burden of this responsibility, and yet, the leadership requirements necessary for facilitating these large-scale organizational and cultural transformations have not been clearly identified. This study proves the preceding claims through vigorous research and rigorous citation from the literature. The purpose of this study is to define the necessary leadership behaviors, skills, strategies, competencies, technologies, processes and protocols that have allowed some organizations to successfully navigate their own life-saving cultural transformations. Through triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data the study validated important cultural change strategies and leadership practices, then organized them into a best-practices cultural transformation model. Documenting the leadership requirements for successful cultural transformation may assist other organizations with their own successful cultural transformations. Key Words: Cultural Change, Organizational Transformation, Organizational Development, Leadership Development, Continuous Process Improvement, Lean, Process Engineering

关键词： C u l t u r a l C h a n g e , O r g a n i z a t i o n a l T r a n s f o r m a t i o n , O r g a

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Examining continued use of software as a service in organizations

Examining continued use of software as a service in organiza...

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作者： Gilleo,Wayne M.,D.B.A. Capella University

学位级别：D.B.A.

Information systems can be used to increase competitiveness by increasing the effectiveness and speed of decision-making. Software as a Service (SaaS) is a subset of cloud computing that provides information systems functionality through a web browser. Organizations that adopt SaaS can receive value over time if they continue to use the SaaS solution after implementation. This study analyzed the extent to which SaaS adoption and continued use factors affect the continued use of SaaS in organizations. The research can help organizations maximize the value of SaaS by identifying success factors for continued use. The study determined the extent to which the independent factors of Rapport,Responsiveness,Reliability,features,Security,flexibility,and Marketing Effort affected the dependent variable of the decision makers' intent to continue use of SaaS within their organization. Participants in the study included IT managers and other technologists familiar with the use of SaaS in their workplace. Invitations were sent via email to IT managers and technologists working at a large aerospace organization. There was also an open invitation posted on a social media site used by customers of a large SaaS provider. The invitations resulted in 101 valid responses. The Extended SaaS-Qual model developed in this study is an extension of an earlier model developed to analyze SaaS continuance. The original SaaS-Qual model was extended to understand the effect of marketing on SaaS continuance intention. Statistical analysis including loadings,internal consistency,convergent validity,and discriminate validity showed strong support for the Extended SaaS-Qual model. The Extended SaaS-Qual model will help with the establishment of standardized measures for the benefit of both SaaS providers and SaaS users.

关键词： A d o p t i o n , C l o u d , C o n t i n u a n c e , C o n t i n u e d u s e , S o f t w a r e

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Economic Efficiency of Air Navigation Service Providers: An Assessment in Europe

Economic Efficiency of Air Navigation Service Providers: An ...

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作者： Neiva, Rui George Mason University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The economic deregulation efforts that have been taking place for several decades in many industries have been associated, in numerous benchmarking studies, with improvements in economic efficiency. The aviation industry is no exception. Research on airlines and airports has demonstrated significant advantages in moving to a liberalized system of provision and regulation. However, airports and airlines are just two components of the aviation industry. The third component, air navigation service providers, links airports and airlines as well as dispenses air traffic control services. In this industry, economic deregulation has also been happening since the late 1980's. Many national systems have now been "commercialized" in attempts to improve their efficiency by separating them from their respective governments, but research on the impact of those institutional and regulatory reforms has been somewhat scarce. This gap in the literature is what this dissertation aims to address. Using panel data from Europe, programmatic and econometric approaches will estimate if these institutional changes have been associated with improvements in the economic efficiency levels of this industry. Issues like the fragmentation of European airspace and the existence of spatial autocorrelation will also be addressed. Results indicate that non-commercialized providers are associated with higher levels of economic efficiency. However surprising, these results might be affected by limitations of the dataset, which only runs for 10 years; causality tests were used but they did not help to further clarify the matter. Estimates also show that a number of operational and physical variables also significantly impact the efficiency results, and there are indications to suggest that the great level of fragmentation of the European airspace is indeed impacting the overall efficiency of the system.

关键词： E c o n o m i c E f f i c i e n c y , A i r T r a f f i c M a n a g e m e n t , A i r N a v

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The gender dynamics of public finance: A Chinese and cross-country analysis

The gender dynamics of public finance: A Chinese and cross-c...

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作者： Knight, Tabitha Colorado State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation consists of four chapters, integrated with the goal of increasing the knowledge of ways in which fiscal policies affect women's welfare worldwide. first, we provide an overview of the literature relating fiscal policies, gendered employment, and growth, contribute a conceptual model of employment based on these relationships, and propose areas for future work. While we consider the direct relationship between scal policy and gendered employment, we also consider two indirect relationships where scal policy in influences employment through its eect on growth and the unpaid labor burden. Next, we direct our focus towards the Chinese economy as we present a synopsis of women's position in the labor market and discuss the historical patterns of production and social norms, the evolving structure of the Chinese economy, and the ways in which these changes in influence women's relative wages, employment opportunities, and mobility; we also include an examination of possible future Chinese growth policies and their potential impacts on women's relative welfare. Using the knowledge obtained in the first two parts of this dissertation, we provide an empirical study of gendered employment in China with a focus on public spending on social infrastructure. We find that public spending on education is associated with increases in gender equality in employment as well short-run economic growth via upward harmonization. finally, we further extend our work to a world-wide analysis of the same and nd that public spending on healthcare and education are positively related to women's relative employment via upward harmonization. In this dissertation we aim to increase the understanding of the relationship between public sector spending, specifically on social infrastructure, and women's relative welfare, and encourage future work to evaluate other development policies through a gendered lens in order to provide policy options for those aiming to increase economic dev

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , f i s c a l p o l i c y , W o m e n ' s w e l f a r e , C h i n

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Development of a design based intersection safety performance evaluation tool

Development of a design based intersection safety performanc...

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作者： Kirk, Adam J. University of Kentucky

学位级别：Ph.D.

The purpose of this research is to develop an intersection safety evaluation tool that is capable of assisting designers and planners in the assessment of alternative intersection designs. A conflict exposure model utilizing design hour volumes, intersection configuration and traffic control measures is proposed to achieve this goal. This approach makes use of data typically available for preliminary intersection design. The research goes beyond existing safety performance models which only examine non-directional average daily traffic (ADT) or practices which only account for the geometric and lane configuration of an intersection, such as conflict point analysis. Conflict prediction models are developed for left-turn angle, right-turn, rear end and sideswipe crashes. These models were developed through the analysis of over 1000 simulation scenarios evaluating a full range of approach and turning volumes, lane configurations and traffic control strategies. The quantifiable metrics provided can be used to inform and improve alternative intersection selection processes by differentiating between alternatives based on a surrogate safety performance. This research may be used in screening of intersection alternatives to select the most beneficial design based on objective safety performance metrics. KEYWORDS: Intersections, Safety, Highway Design, Performance Evaluation, Microsimulation.

关键词： I n t e r s e c t i o n s , S a f e t y , H i g h w a y D e s i g n , P e r f o r m a n c e E v

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HERDER'S 'EXPRESSIVIST' METAPHYSICS AND THE ORIGINS Of GERMAN IDEALISM

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BRITISH JOURNAL fOR THE HISTORY Of PHILOSOPHY 2013年第5期21卷 902-924页

作者： Englander, Alex Univ Cambridge Pembroke Coll Cambridge CB2 1TN England

Charles Taylor's influential exposition of Hegel made the doctrine of expressivism of central importance and identified Herder as its exemplary historical advocate. The breadth and generality of Taylor's use of expressivism' have led the concept into some disrepute, but a more precise formulation of the doctrine as a theory of meaning can both demonstrate what is worthwhile and accurate in Taylor's account, and allow us a useful point of entry into Herder's multifaceted philosophy. A reconstruction of Herder's overall philosophical position, centred around a refined theory of what this paper labels Herderean expressivism', reveals a naturalistic, teleological metaphysics. This metaphysics fulfils the Hegelian aim of providing what Dieter Henrich has called a feedback loop' between ontology and epistemology. Exploring Herder's expressivism, therefore, helps further the case for his decisive impact on Hegel's philosophy. Herder's methodological naturalism, however, represents an obstacle to Hegel's absolute idealism.

关键词： J G Herder G W f Hegel expressivism

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