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Determination of the tolerable upper intake level of leucine in acute dietary studies in young men

AMERICAN JOURNAL Of CLINICAL NUTRITION 2012年第4期96卷 759-767页

作者： Elango, Rajavel Chapman, Karen Rafii, Mahroukh Ball, Ronald O. Pencharz, Paul B. Hosp Sick Children Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr Res Inst Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada Univ Toronto Dept Nutr Sci Toronto ON Canada Univ Alberta Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci Edmonton AB Canada

Background: Leucine has been suggested to improve athletic performance. Therefore, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), especially leucine, are popular as dietary supplements in strength-training athletes;however, the intake of leucine in excess of requirements raises concerns regarding adverse effects. Currently, the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for leucine is unknown. Objective: The objective of the current study was to determine the UL for leucine in adult men under acute dietary conditions. Design: five healthy adults (20-35 y) each received graded step-wise increases in leucine intakes of 50, 150, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1), which corresponded to the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and the EAR x3, x5, x10, x15, x20, and x25 in a total of 29 studies. The UL of leucine was identified by the measurement of plasma and urinary biochemical variables and changes in leucine oxidation by using L-[1-C-13]-leucine. Results: A significant increase in blood ammonia concentrations above normal values, plasma leucine concentrations, and urinary leucine excretion were observed with leucine intakes >500 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1). The oxidation of L-[1-C-13]-leucine expressed as label tracer oxidation in breath ((fCO2)-C-13), leucine oxidation, and a-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) oxidation led to different results: a plateau in (fCO2)-C-13 observed after 500 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1), no clear plateau observed in leucine oxidation, and KIC oxidation appearing to plateau after 750 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1). Conclusion: On the basis of plasma and urinary variables, the UL for leucine in healthy adult men can be suggested at 500 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) or similar to 35 g/d as a cautious estimate under acute dietary conditions. This trial was registered at *** as NCT00972582. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:759-67.

关键词： ALT alanine aminotransferase APE atom percent excess BCAA branched-chain amino acid EAR Estimated Average Requirement f 13 CO 2 label tracer oxidation in breath KIC α-ketoisocaproic acid REE resting energy expenditure SickKids The Hospital for Sick Children UL tolerable upper intake level

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宿主细胞对HIV-1复制的限制性

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生物学杂志 2013年第3期30卷 64-67页

作者：贾彦辉徐庆刚江苏大学生命科学研究院镇江212013

HIV-1感染的主要靶细胞是宿主的CD4+T淋巴细胞,使宿主的免疫机能下降。在HIV-1与宿主的长期进化中,它们之间逐渐形成了复杂的入侵与反入侵关系。人类已经进化出多种机制来抵制HIV-1的感染和复制。宿主细胞内的限制性因子是抑制HIV-1复... 详细信息

HIV-1感染的主要靶细胞是宿主的CD4+T淋巴细胞,使宿主的免疫机能下降。在HIV-1与宿主的长期进化中,它们之间逐渐形成了复杂的入侵与反入侵关系。人类已经进化出多种机制来抵制HIV-1的感染和复制。宿主细胞内的限制性因子是抑制HIV-1复制的主要机制之一,也是研究人员比较关注的一类机制。SAMHD1作为最新发现的一个限制性因子,成为一个研究热点。通过阐述SAMHD1,APOBEC3G/f,TRIM5α及Tetherin在HIV-1复制中的关键作用,了解宿主细胞对病毒感染的限制性,有助于理解宿主与病毒之间的抗衡关系,宿主抗病毒机制,为治疗HIV-1寻找新的靶点。

关键词： APOBEC3G f TRIM5α Tetherin SAMHD1

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fair value measurements and earnings management: Evidence from the banking industry

Fair value measurements and earnings management: Evidence fr...

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作者： Xu, Xiaolu Syracuse University

学位级别：Ph.D.

I examine the association between fair value measurements and bank earnings management using financial data for a sample of U.S. bank holding companies from 2009 to 2012. I follow the methodology in Beatty et al. (2002) and find that banks reporting higher recurring basis fair values, especially level 2 fair values and banks reporting increased fair values are more likely to report small earnings increases both in the current year and one-year ahead after controlling for discretionary loan loss provisions, discretionary security gains and losses, and other bank-specific characteristics. By decomposing the fair values into different types, I find that the positive association between fair value measurements and earnings management is primarily driven by available-for-sale assets. This relation can be found in both public banks and private banks. I also distinguish upward earnings management from downward earnings management and find that level 2 fair values are positively associated with upward earnings management and with downward earnings management via discretionary security gains and losses. By examining the relation between earnings volatility and fair value measurements, I find that banks recognizing more level 2 fair value assets and liabilities report smoother earnings over the time. Key words: earnings management, fair value measurements, SfAS 157, fair value option, SfAS 159, discretionary loan loss provisions, discretionary security gains and losses

关键词： e a r n i n g s m a n a g e m e n t , f a i r v a l u e m e a s u r e m e n t s , S f A S

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一个包含有*** LCM函数SL(n)的混合均值

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西南民族大学学报（自然科学版） 2013年第4期39卷 564-566页

作者：朱民商丘师范学院计算机与技术科学学院河南商丘476000

*** LCM函数SL(n)定义为使得n[1,2,3,,k]整除1,2,3,…,k的最小公倍数的最小正整数k.主要利用SL(n)的性质及Mangoldt函数∧(n)的定义研究了∧(n)·SL(n)的均值性质,并得到了渐近公式Σn≤x∧SL(n)=x2Σki=1ci/(ln(i-1)x)+Ox2/lnkx.

关键词： f Smarandache LCM函数 Mangoldt函数渐近公式均值

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Unknown People: Identity and Oral History of the T'iistsoh Sikaadi

Unknown People: Identity and Oral History of the T'iistsoh S...

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作者： Kessler, J. R. Regent University

学位级别：Ph.D.

This study explores the lived experiences of members of the Alamo Band of the Navajo Tribe for evidence of a unique ethnic identity within the Navajo Nation. Contemporary oral traditions of the Alamo Band reveal their identity as a distinct people as enunciated in stories, personal experiences, phrases, and statements contained in life story interviews of the Alamo people. Phenomenological analysis was applied to ten life story interviews obtained on and around the Alamo Navajo Reservation. The analysis clarified seven themes indicating how the participants perceive their own history, identity, and place in the Navajo world. Examination of the seven themes (fatalism, family, Education, Culture, Origins, Place & Identity, and Hardship) resulted in interpretive findings of identity confusion arising from conflicting elements in the traditional Navajo worldview and the hegemonic Anglo culture. This study argues that traditional Navajo culture, Apache intermarriage, and historical circumstances shape the contemporary Alamo identity. Keywords: Phenomenological Analysis, Alamo Band Navajo, life story interviews, oral history, Navajo culture.

关键词： P h e n o m e n o l o g i c a l A n a l y s i s , A l a m o B a n d N a v a j o , l i f e

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Measuring and Monitoring Long Term Disaster Recovery Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Post Katrina New Orleans

Measuring and Monitoring Long Term Disaster Recovery Using R...

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作者： Archer, Reginald S. University of California Santa Barbara

学位级别：Ph.D.

This research focuses on measuring and monitoring long term recovery progress from the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans, LA. Remote sensing has frequently been used for emergency response and damage assessment after natural disasters. However, techniques for analysis of long term disaster recovery using remote sensing have not been widely explored. With increased availability and lower costs, remote sensing offers an objective perspective, systematic and repeatable analysis, and provides a substitute to multiple site visits. In addition, remote sensing allows access to large geographical areas and areas where ground access may be disrupted, restricted or denied. This dissertation addressed the primary difficulties involved in the development of change detection methods capable of detecting changes experienced by disaster recovery indicators. Maximum likelihood classification and post-classification change detection were applied to multi-temporal high resolution aerial images to quantitatively measure the progress of recovery. Images were classified to automatically identify disaster recovery indicators and exploit the indicators that are visible within each image. The spectral analysis demonstrated that employing maximum likelihood classification to high resolution true color aerial images performed adequately and provided a good indication of spectral pattern recognition, despite the limited spectral information. Applying the change detection to the classified images was effective for determining the temporal trajectory of indicators categorized as blue tarps, fEMA trailers, houses, vegetation, bare earth and pavement. The results of the post classification change detection revealed a dominant change trajectory from bluetarp to house, as damaged houses became permanently repaired. Specifically, the level of activity of blue tarps, housing, vegetation, fEMA trailers (temporary housing) pavement and bare earth were derived from aerial image processing to m

关键词： C h a n g e d e t e c t i o n , c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , K a t r i n a , N e w O r l e a n

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framing Violence: The Hidden Suffering and Healing of Sudan's 'Lost Girls' in Cairo, Egypt

Framing Violence: The Hidden Suffering and Healing of Sudan'...

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作者： Johnson, Ginger Ann University of South Florida

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation examines the specific forms of embodied suffering war and its refugee aftermath brings to female Sudanese refugees currently living in post-revolution Cairo, Egypt in order to illustrate the suffering and healing enacted within everyday life. These women, displaced from the Second Sudanese Civil War, are what I label Sudan's 'Lost Girls.' The theoretical framework I employ in order to discuss their lives is a critical medical anthropology perspective based on the mindful body. I engage anthropological literature on the body in order to better understand the embodied suffering, sexual violence, and refugee aftermath of war. My research seeks to do this through distinctly gendered analyses and equally importantly, visual analyses. The research draws on historical news data collected through content analysis, contemporary qualitative data collected during fieldwork in the form of observation and interviews, with a particular emphasis on photovoice methodology. The work proposes that the humanizing aspect of emotions revealed by Lost Girls' photography of their everyday lives in urban Cairo allows for critical analysis of the many and varied ways in which women's 'ordinary' experiences of war have been hidden, the implications of this for international responses to their suffering, and areas for exploring new, non-emergency refugee policies based on more ethnographically informed, gendered contextualizations of 'extraordinary' violence.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E m b o d i e d s u f f e r i n g , L o s t G i r l s , P h o t

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financial anomalies: Evidence from agricultural industries

Financial anomalies: Evidence from agricultural industries

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作者： Arthur, Bruno R. University of Kentucky

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation studies financial anomalies that contradict the efficient market hypothesis of fama (1965). I examine the accrual, momentum, and value premium anomalies in U.S. agriculture-related firms' stocks. for each anomaly, I study what characterizes the presence and what factors may explain the persistence of these anomalies. I merge firm-level annual financial data from Compustat and monthly stock data from CRSP over 1972-2011. I sieve NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ publicly traded firms with the USDA/ERS defined NAICS/SIC to create my samples. The samples are restricted to agriculture-related firms that trade ordinary common stocks. I rank stocks by anomaly specific variables and evaluate the performance of hedge portfolios as univariate tests for the presence of anomalous returns. I use asset pricing models to study the variation of equity premium as tradeoffs between asset returns and control variables such as risk, size, financial characteristics, and continuing patterns. fama and Macbeth regressions are used as multivariate robustness check and scrutiny tools of variables that may explain the univariate results. financial anomalies characterized by mispricing related abnormal returns are not arbitraged completely after their discoveries. I find evidence that the accrual anomaly persists in U.S. markets albeit generating lower excess returns than in early studies, and exists in U.S. agriculture-related stocks. The statistically and economically significant abnormal returns are driven by the non-food-supply chain agriculture-related stocks. U.S. agriculture-related stocks display limited momentum anomaly. The significant abnormal returns are from investments on small-caps stocks, ranked by past 12 month returns and held for 3 months, during the commodity price depression and economic recessions characterized 1980-2000 period. following the related literature at large, positive abnormal returns generated with momentum strategies appear to be from continuing poor

关键词： A g r i c u l t u r a l f i n a n c e , A s s e t P r i c i n g , M a r k e t E f f i c i e n

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Using LDMOS Transistor in Class-f Power Amplifier for WCDMA Applications

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2011年第10期4卷 662-666页

作者： Masoud Sabaghi Seyed Reza Hadianamrei Mehdi Rahnama Maziyar Niyakan Lahiji N. S. T. R. I.

The fundamental operating principle of a Class f power amplifier and the factors aiding or affecting Class f performance were explicated previously. A Class f power amplifier design which satisfies WCDMA specifications is explained in this paper. The Class f amplifier was designed by employing Motorola’s LDMOS (Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor models and we simulated its performance by means of ADS. A variety of procedures were applied in the process of designing Class f amplifier, namely, DC simulation, bias point selection, source-pull and load-pull characterization, input and output matching circuit design and the design of suitable harmonic traps, which are explained here.

关键词： ADS Class f Power Amplifier LD MOS WCDMA

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Stochastic Geometry for Image Analysis 1

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丛书名： ISTE

2013年

作者： Xavier Descombes

ISBN: (数字)9781118601235

ISBN: (纸本)9781848212404

This book develops the stochastic geometry framework for image analysis purpose. Two main frameworks are described: marked point process and random closed sets models. We derive the main issues for defining an appropriate model. The algorithms for sampling and optimizing the models as well as for estimating parameters are reviewed. Numerous applications, covering remote sensing images, biological and medical imaging, are detailed. This book provides all the necessary tools for developing an image analysis application based on modern stochastic modeling.

关键词： detection object point processes density process point processes image texture random aspects boolean formulae demonstration miles appendix model f simulations monte markov discrete algorithms carlo chain

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