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作者： Nissen, Clark E. Capella University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The vast majority of studies surrounding uses of force have focused on larger police agencies. Although there have been numerous use-of-force studies, understanding police use of excessive force has been given little attention. This study examined several variables surrounding use-of-force incidents obtained from small florida agencies. Additionally, the study attempted to explore a legitimate theoretical understanding into the explanation for abuse of force occurrences within the agencies. The study examined use-of-force data via self-reported surveys and the participants consisted of presently sworn officers who were from small (15-25 sworn) florida agencies. The researcher provided third party scenarios depicting a suspect's actions and the choice of force used by the officer. The participant decided if he or she thought the officer's actions were deemed appropriate given the specific circumstances. The researcher also applied the tenets associated with Aker's social learning theory to see if the theory could serve as an adequate explanation for abuses within the sample. The results did not show officer demographics (years on the job, job title, education, age) as being significant predictors of officers' acceptance of the abuse of force scenarios. However, the results of this study did indicate a statistically significant correlation between the social learning tenets and an officer's perception of appropriate use of force.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , A b u s e o f f o r c e , L a w e n f o r c e m e n t , P o l

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MOG抗原诱导的自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型的建立及组织蛋白酶抑制剂cystatin f的表达

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大连医科大学学报 2011年第1期33卷 6-10页

作者：高文婷范凯李宁马坚妹大连医科大学实验动物中心辽宁大连116044 大连医科大学解剖学教研室辽宁大连116044

[目的]研究组织蛋白酶抑制剂cystatin f在少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)35-55诱导的自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型中的表达。[方法]利用MOG 35-55建立EAE模型,通过行为学观察对其进行神经功能评分;利用免疫组织化学方法证明髓鞘脱失情况;通过... 详细信息

[目的]研究组织蛋白酶抑制剂cystatin f在少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)35-55诱导的自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型中的表达。[方法]利用MOG 35-55建立EAE模型,通过行为学观察对其进行神经功能评分;利用免疫组织化学方法证明髓鞘脱失情况;通过连续切片分析,及原位杂交和免疫组化技术对小胶质细胞活化和cystatinf的表达进行研究。[结果]利用MOG35-55可成功制备EAE模型;cystatin f在正常小鼠中枢神经系统内没有表达,但在脱髓斑块周围可见其表达。通过系列连续切片分析,其表达与在脱髓斑块周围积聚的小胶质细胞具有高度的一致性。[结论]cystatin f在MOG诱导的EAE中具有表达,其表达与积聚的小胶质细胞具有高度的一致性。

关键词：自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型脱髓鞘 cystatin f 小胶质细胞

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Legal challenges to cloud computing: Does physical location matter?

Legal challenges to cloud computing: Does physical location ...

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作者： Cianfaro, Michael Utica College

学位级别：M.S.

The purpose of the research was to examine the laws that are governing cloud computing, if any. It was designed to determine if the physical location of the data really does matter when referring to these laws. Government access was examined in regard to who owned the data and where it was stored, from the U.S. and EU perspective. Also examined were the data breach notification laws for each the U.S. and the EU. And third the USA PATRIOT Act was looked at to see if it had an effect on how Europe felt about using American cloud computing solutions. It was found that location does in fact matter when referring to cloud computing and its data. Ownership of the data also matters when the government requests the data because some people have greater protections than other. In the U.S. there is no general data breach notification law it has been left up to the states at this point. In the EU there is a current law that attempts to regulate who and when is notified but there are loopholes for companies to get through so they would never have to notify their customers. The USA PATRIOT Act does impact Europe's opinion of the U.S. cloud computing industry in a negative way. It is important for companies to understand the laws because cloud computing is growing at such a fast rate and is in very many cases an international business issue. The U.S. and the EU both need to enact more clear legislation on cloud computing and how to regulate it. While this may not be an international effort if these two governing bodies can agree on some issues then the cloud computing business will flourish. Keywords: Cybersecurity, capstone, Christopher Riddell, fourth Amendment, Data protection laws.

关键词： C y b e r s e c u r i t y , c a p s t o n e , C h r i s t o p h e r R i d d e l l , f o u r t h

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Permafrost changes along the Alaska Highway Corridor, Southern Yukon, from ground temperature measurements and DC Electrical Resistivity Tomography

Permafrost changes along the Alaska Highway Corridor, Southe...

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作者： Duguay,Maxime Arsene University of Ottawa

学位级别：Master

Permafrost temperatures were measured by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) in 1977-1981 at boreholes along a proposed pipeline route in the southern Yukon. Analysis of climate station records indicate that mean annual air temperatures in the region have since increased by 0.5-1.0?C. Renewed interest in the pipeline and the need to develop adaptation strategies for existing highway infrastructure have meant that information on permafrost and geotechnical conditions must be updated. To accomplish this goal,a total of eight GSC boreholes ranging in depth from 5-9 m were located,unblocked of ice and instrumented with thermistor cables and data-loggers to permit renewed ground temperature monitoring. Manual temperature measurements were also taken at four other shallow boreholes. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were conducted at each site. MAGTs below 1 m at permafrost sites in the study area range from -0.2°C to -1.5°C with permafrost depths greater than 25 m. The permafrost at the study sites can be classified as sporadic discontinuous and extensive discontinuous. Ground temperatures indicate that permafrost can persist under warmer climatic conditions as long as it remains protected by its ecosystem properties. Thermal monitoring for 2011-2012 shows an average increase of 0.5-1.0?C when compared to the original 1978-1981 ground temperatures. This slow rate of ground warming is mainly attributed to a combination of limited climate change,especially in the south of the study area,ground temperatures close to 0?C,and the possible disturbance of sites from the removal of vegetation prior to the original measurements being made. ERT surveys conducted at most borehole sites show deeper thaw or taliks where the cleared cut-line used for geophysical work in the 1970s is crossed. These results indicate the impacts of climate change and environmental change in the study area over the past three decades. They appear to match the relatively slow rates of groun

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E a r t h s c i e n c e s , P e r m a f r o s t , C l i m a t e

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The world improvement plans of fritz Schumacher

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CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL Of ECONOMICS 2012年第2期36卷 387-403页

作者： Toye, John Univ Oxford Oxford OX1 2JD England

This article approaches the centenary of the birth of E. f. ('fritz') Schumacher with a contemporary question in mind. How do academic economists create an impact with their work and how can that be increased? It examines, in the case of Schumacher, various sources that could influence the impact that an economist makes. They include family background, education, professional formation, moral values, the underlying vision, the practical proposals put forward, contacts and networking, and the institutions built to ensure an intellectual legacy. Schumacher's career was that of a late developer-his many early failures being followed by the spectacular success of Small is Beautiful (1973). The two-stage pattern testifies to the importance of individual characteristics in making an impact and these many not be amenable to institutional policies.

关键词： E f Schumacher Intermediate technology Research impact Sustainable development B30 f10 O10

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The invisible reality: Operational and organized cybercrime groups

The invisible reality: Operational and organized cybercrime ...

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作者： Bush, Dawn Utica College

学位级别：M.S.

Emergent organized cybercrime groups, including nation-state actors, terrorist groups, and hacktivists have been expanding and increasing their sources in the past decade. As technology has continually changed, the acclimating nature of these groups have dynamically changed as well. The anonymity of the Internet permits breeding of these groups into underground criminal networks where crime as a service has thrived. Many groups have shared characteristics, however their intentions have proven to be based on political, military, or economic reasoning. future legislation, diplomacy and cooperation among nations will be a necessary component toward sharing information for mitigation purposes. The security of data will be dependent upon actionable intelligence and the timely reporting of breaches. The purpose of this research was to analyze the growing threat of organized cybercrime groups. The analysis of cybercrime group abilities and functionality, as well as current trends used by these groups will serve as a basis for future research in the field of cybersecurity. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Cynthia Gonnella, Law Enforcement, APT, Motive, Malware, Reconnaissance.

关键词： C y b e r s e c u r i t y , C y n t h i a G o n n e l l a , L a w E n f o r c e m e n t , A P T

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QIAODAN Cup 9th China Sporting Equipment Design Contest & QIAODAN Yin Peng Sports Wear Collection

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China's foreign Trade 2014年第Z2期 64-64页

作者： Anne

During Mercedes-Benz China fashion Week,QIAODAN Cup 9th China Sporting Equipment Design Contest was co-held by China fashion Association and QIAODAN Sports Co.,Ltd in Beijing 751D-PARK workshop on October *** Qiaodan’s excellent designer Yin Peng presented the fashion trend of 2016 s/s with his"WEI"*** as"passion-applause",QIAODAN Cup 9th China Sporting Equipment Design Contest presents the enthusiasm and sincerity from Qiaodan sports for

关键词： sports designer passion collection workshop PARK f

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Corporate response to bring your own device (BYOD)

Corporate response to bring your own device (BYOD)

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作者： Martin, Angeli Utica College

学位级别：M.S.

Businesses endeavor to make employees comfortable and well equipped when coming to the workplace to perform their duties. Employees take it for granted that when they arrive at work they have an office space, computers, printers and telephones, fax machines, video equipment and mobile devices such as iPads and iPhones. Businesses are responsible for maintaining company IT equipment with patches and updates, the latest up-to-date software, and virus protection. More businesses are flirting with the idea of bring your own device (BYOD). Employers view BYOD as a means of saving money while improving employee satisfaction. When considering a BYOD program employees must ask themselves if they are ready to have their personally owed devices modified and monitored by their employers, thus limiting the usage of their own personal devices. Through this research several key areas were discovered that pose difficulties and improvements alike for corporations who implement and maintain a BYOD program. Keywords: Cybersecurity Studies, Professor Cynthia Gonnella, security, risk, privacy, global, trend, policy, law, handheld device, Laptops.

关键词： C y b e r s e c u r i t y S t u d i e s , P r o f e s s o r C y n t h i a G o n n e l l a , s

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Depends Who Offers and Where Offered: The Context of Drug Offers and first Time Cannabis Use.

Depends Who Offers and Where Offered: The Context of Drug Of...

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作者： Anamali,Morena. Simon Fraser University

学位级别：Master

Research has shown that proximal sources peers) are associated with substance use. Rarely examined,however,is the immediate context or the precise situation in which drugs are offered for the first time. The situation or context includes the nature of the relationship between the person offering and the adolescent receiving the offer,the location in which the offer occurs,and how these may affect the likelihood of accepting or rejecting a first offer. Using a subsample of 171 adolescent cannabis users,this study examines the likelihood of accepting a first offer as a function of social proximity and proximity of location. Results show that both of these elements matter in the decision to accept. More specifically,offers are more likely to be accepted when they come from best friends and when they are made in ones own home. The implications of these results for drug use prevention programs are discussed.

关键词： c a n n a b i s i n i t i a t i o n ； d r u g o f f e r s ； s o u r c e o f o f f e

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Tourist intentions to continue poverty alleviation actions after participating in microfinance tourism

Tourist intentions to continue poverty alleviation actions a...

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作者： Nance, Michelle Clemson University

学位级别：M.P.R.T.M.

The tourism industry has begun to incorporate microfinance into a new type of niche tourism that integrates local entrepreneurs and tourists. This type of tourism is called microfinance tourism. The study investigates the tourist role in poverty alleviation using the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore how attitude, perceived behavioral control, and social norms impact intention to continue investment and/or donation to microentrepreneurs and microfinance organizations. The study was conducted in conjunction with Investours, a non-profit organization that offers `microfinance tours' in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. The study found perceived behavioral control and attitude to be strong predictors of intention to donate and/or invest in microentrepreneurs and/or microfinance organizations. Keywords: Microfinance, Pro-Poor Tourism, Theory of Planned Behavior, Ecotourism

关键词： M i c r o f i n a n c e , P r o - P o o r T o u r i s m , T h e o r y o f P l a n n e d

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